Taxonomy: Fam. Caryophyllaceae// Genus: Dianthus// Species: Dianthus deltoides L.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Tutin in Tutin et al. (1964) and Micevski (1993).
Note: One of the main taxonomic characteristics of D. deltoides is the shape of the leaves (leaf tip), with obtuse to subacute leaves of the vegetative shoots. The examined populations from Osogovo generally have linear-lanceolate basal leaves with subacute tip. Elliptic-lanceolate to somewhat oblong leaves with more or less obtuse tip appear in the lower part of the flowering stems in spring.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Siberia according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Open woods, edges and clearings of oak and European beech forests, open rocky terrains and stony ground in the region stretching from Ratkova skala massif to Visoka Chuka (Ponikva), at altitude of 800 up to 1500 m.
Lifeform: Perennial; chamaephyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL (-AUG).
Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – flowering stems with flowers. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus deltoides –flowering stems with flowers. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus deltoides – flower. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – flower. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – flower. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – side view of flower – calyx and epicalyx. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – side view of flower – calyx and epicalyx. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – side view of flower – calyx and epicalyx. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – vegetative shoots. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – leaves of vegetative shoots and subacute leaf tip under magnification. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – leaves of vegetative shoots. Osogovo, rocky terrain between the “Ratkova skala” massif and Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – flower. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – flower. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – side view of flower – calyx and epicalyx. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – leaves of vegetative stem. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – leaves of vegetative stem. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – leaves of vegetative stem. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – leaves of vegetative stem. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – leaves of flowering stem. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – leaves of vegetative stem. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – flower. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – flower. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – side view of flower – calyx and epicalyx. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – side view of flower – calyx and epicalyx. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – upper part of stem. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – lower part of plant. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – lower part of plant. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – leaves of vegetative stem. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – leaves of vegetative stem. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides -vegetative and developing flowering shoots. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus deltoides – leaves of developing flowering stems. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – lower leaves of developing flowering stem. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – lower leaves of developing flowering stem. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – lower leaves of developing flowering stem. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – basal leaves of developing flowering stem. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – lower leaves and basal leaves of developing flowering stem. Osogovo – Ratkova skala region near village of Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus deltoides – habit. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stem with flowers. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stem with flowers. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – flower. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – flower. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – flower. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – flower (calyx and epicalyx). Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – flower (calyx and epicalyx). Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stems with cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – stems with cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – vegetative stems. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – vegetative stems. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – spring growth in plant from the same population. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 25.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus deltoides – spring growth with subacute leaves. Osogovo, “Ratkova skala” massif near village of Ratkovica, 15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
