fragrant evening-primrose, tuft evening-primrose
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Herbs perennial, acaulescent or caulescent, usually hirsute or villous, usually also glandular puberulent, or exclusively strigillose, rarely glabrous; from stout taproot, sometimes lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. |
(when present), usually ascending or decumbent, unbranched or branched from near base, 0–40 cm. |
1.7–26(–36) × (0.3–)0.5–4.5(–6.5) cm; petiole (0.2–)1.7–11(–14) cm; blade usually oblanceolate to rhombic or spatulate, rarely elliptic, obovate, lanceolate, or linear-oblanceolate, margins irregularly sinuate-dentate, serrate, pinnatifid, lobed, or subentire, apex usually acute to rounded, rarely acuminate. |
1–4(–6) per stem opening per day near sunset, with moderate to strong sweet scent with a rubbery background scent; buds usually erect, rarely recurved (during early development); floral tube (20–)40–140(–165) mm; sepals (15–)18–45(–54) mm; petals white, fading rose or rose pink to dark or deep rose purple, or pink to pale or light rose, or lavender, obovate or obcordate, (16–)20–50(–60) mm; filaments (6–)10–30(–35) mm, anthers (6–)9–17(–20) mm; style (45–)60–180(–185) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
straight, curved, falcate, or sigmoid, usually cylindrical to lanceoloid or ellipsoid, sometimes ovoid, usually obtusely 4-angled, (10–)13–50(–68) × 4–9 mm, tapering to a sterile beak 6–8 mm, valve margins with rows of distinct tubercles to sinuate or nearly smooth ridges, dehiscent 1/3–7/8 their length; pedicel (0–)1–40(–55) mm. |
numerous in 1 or 2 rows per locule, usually obovoid, oblong, or triangular, rarely suborbicular, 2.1–3.9 × 1–2.6 mm, embryo 1/5–2/3 of seed volume, surface papillose, reticulate or rarely irregularly roughened; seed collar sealed by a thin membrane, this flat or depressed into raphial cavity, when depressed often splitting, becoming separated from seed collar. |
= 14, 28. |
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w North America; nw Mexico
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Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). Oenothera cespitosa occurs in a wide array of habitats, from grassland, desert scrub, pinyon-juniper woodland, or Arizona chaparral to montane conifer forests, rarely at timberline, at elevations from (450–)800–3370 m. Oenothera cespitosa is self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 1985; Wagner 2005). Pachylophus nuttallii Spach is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
| → 2 |
2. Floral tubes (28–)35–60(–85) mm; petals fading rose pink to dark rose purple; capsules falcate or sigmoid, valve margins tuberculate. | subsp. cespitosa |
2. Floral tubes (45–)75–110(–153) mm; petals fading pink or rarely pale rose; capsules somewhat curved, valve margins with smooth to irregular, undulate ridges. | subsp. macroglottis |
1. Plants hirsute, villous, glandular puberulent, or strigillose. | → 3 |
3. Plants strigillose, rarely glandular puberulent; petals fading rose pink to dark rose purple. | subsp. cespitosa |
3. Plants hirsute or villous, usually also glandular puberulent, rarely only glandular puberulent; petals fading pink to light or pale rose or lavender-rose, sometimes deep rose purple. | → 4 |
4. Stems unbranched to many-branched, sometimes producing dense clumps 5–50 cm diam.; petals fading rose; seed collar sinuate distally. | subsp. crinita |
4. Stems unbranched to several-branched, not forming clumps; petals fading rose purple or pink to pale rose or lavender; seed collar various. | → 5 |
5. Petals fading rose or sometimes deep rose purple; capsules ellipsoid to lanceoloid-ellipsoid, falcate or sigmoid; pedicels 0.5–1 mm; seed collar membrane depressed and often splitting at maturity, margin conspicuously sinuate throughout. | subsp. crinita |
5. Petals fading pink to pale rose or lavender; capsules lanceoloid to cylindrical, straight or somewhat curved; pedicels usually (0–)1–40(–55) mm; seed collar membrane neither depressed nor splitting at maturity, margin not sinuate, sometimes somewhat so distally. | → 6 |
6. Capsules oblong-lanceoloid; buds often recurved when young; floral tube (35–)40–70(–80) mm; plants shaggy-villous, sometimes densely so. | subsp. navajoensis |
6. Capsules cylindrical to lanceoloid-cylindrical; buds erect; floral tube (41–)75–140-(–165) mm; plants hirsute. | → 7 |
7. Capsules somewhat curved, valve margins with nearly smooth to irregular, undulate ridges; leaf blades oblanceolate to spatulate, margins dentate. | subsp. macroglottis |
7. Capsules straight, valve margins with minute to conspicuous tubercles, these sometimes coalesced into a sinuate ridge; leaf blades usually oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, rarely lanceolate, margins usually pinnately lobed to dentate, rarely serrate. | subsp. marginata |
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FNA vol. 10. |
Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Pachylophus |
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa |
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Pachylophus cespitosus |
Nuttall: Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana, no. 53. (1813) |
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