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Floristic Diversity of the Indian Himalaya

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Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State

Part of the book series: Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation ((TOBC,volume 18))

Abstract

Floristic diversity of land plants (angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes and bryophytes), and their distribution pattern in the Indian Himalayan region (IHR), is discussed. The angiosperms are represented in the IHR by ca. 8700 taxa, gymnosperms 51 taxa, pteridophytes 766 taxa and bryophytes by 1955 taxa. Families Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae and Orchidaceae have more than 75% each of their Indian taxa represented in this region. Orchidaceae with about 1036 taxa and Rhododendron with 121 taxa are the largest family and genus, respectively, with both showing their highest diversity in the eastern Himalaya. About 12% of the Himalayan angiosperms are endemics, while an equal number of taxa, including point endemics, is threatened or vulnerable. Ephedraceae, Dryopteridaceae and Pottiaceae are the dominant families of gymnosperms, pteridophytes and bryophytes, whereas Ephedra (with 13 spp.), Thelypteris (62 spp.) and Plagiochila (51 spp.) are the most diverse genera of these taxonomic groups, respectively. Eight taxa of the Himalayan gymnosperms, 25 pteridophytes and 308 of bryophytes are endemic to India, majority of which are restricted to the IHR. Information on the topography and vegetation of the IHR, its curious and sacred elements, and conservation needs and initiatives is also provided.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Director, Botanical Survey of India, for the encouragement and facilities and to Dr. B.S. Kholia, Scientist D, Northern Regional Centre, BSI, Dehradun, for valuable inputs with regard to the Himalayan pteridophytes.

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  1. 305D, Saraswati Apartment, Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow, India

    D. K. Singh

  2. Botanical Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune, India

    P. K. Pusalkar

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  1. Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Ghulam Hassan Dar

  2. Centre for Biodiversity and Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Anzar A. Khuroo

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Singh, D.K., Pusalkar, P.K. (2020). Floristic Diversity of the Indian Himalaya. In: Dar, G., Khuroo, A. (eds) Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State . Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, vol 18. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9174-4_5

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