Skip to main content

Steppes of Kazakhstan: Diversity and Present State

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Eurasian Steppes. Ecological Problems and Livelihoods in a Changing World

Part of the book series: Plant and Vegetation ((PAVE,volume 6))

Abstract

The paper summarizes modern data on the phytogeography, ecology and typology of the main plant communities of the steppe areas of Kazakhstan. The patterns of zonal steppe vegetation on the plains and altitudinal vegetation sequences in the mountains are shown. A new map of the phytogeographic regionalization is given. The paper reviews human impacts on the steppe vegetation of Kazakhstan and their degree of usage and transformation, and discusses the conservation status of steppe ecosystems in a network of protected areas, as well as the current status of steppe biodiversity in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Balbakova F, Berkeliev T, Bragina T, Chikin Yu, Mirutenko M, Onufrenya I, Rachkovskaya E, Sadvokasov R, Safarov N, Tsaruk O (2006) Econet – Central Asia. E-Poligraph, Moscow, p 49

    Google Scholar 

  • Baranov VI (1925) The southern boundary of the chernizem soil steppes in Kustanai province. Tr. Gen. Learn., Kazakhstan, etc. 6, 36 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Biodiversity Conservation in Central Azia: an analysis of biodiversity and current threats and initial investment portfolio. WWF, Moscow, 1997, 203 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Botanical Geography of Kazakhstan and Middle Asia (desert region) (2003) St. Petersburg, pp 424

    Google Scholar 

  • Bragina TM (2007) Protected areas of Kazakhstan and the prospects for establishment of ecological network (with a legislative framework for protected areas). Kostanai Printing House, Kostanai, 164 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Bragina TM (2009a) Status and prospects for sustaining the steppes of Kazakhstan. In: Steppes of Northern Eurasia. Proceedings of the fifth international symposium, Orenburg, pp 39–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Bragina TM (2009b) Naurzum Ecological Network (exploration history, current status and long-term conservation of biological diversity in the region of representation of natural World Heritage Site by UNESCO). Kostanaipoligrafiya, Kostanai, p 200

    Google Scholar 

  • Bykov BA, Stepanova EF (1953) Shrub steppe-like vegetation type. Izv. VGO. T.85.Vyp. 1, pp 50–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Chibilyev AA (1998) Steppes of Northern Eurasia. (Ecological and geographical outline and bibliography). Urals Branch of RAS, Ekaterinburg, 192 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Henwood WD (1998) An overview of protected areas in the temperate grasslands biome. PARKS 8(3):3–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Isachenko TI, Rachkovskaya EI (1961) The main types of steppes of Northern Kazakhstan. In: Proc Botan of the Statute of the USSR, Series III. Geobotany. Vyp.13, pp 133–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivashchenko AA (2005) Tulips and other bulbous plants of Kazakhstan. Publishing House “Two Capitals”, Almaty, 192 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Karmysheva NH (1973) Flora and vegetation of the reserve Aksu-Zhabagly. Publishing House “Nauka”, Alma-Ata, 178 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Karamysheva ZV, Rachkovskaya EI (1973) Botanical geography of the steppe part of Central Kazakhstan. Botanical Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, 278 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Krasheninnikov IM (1925) Vegetation cover of the Kyrgyz Republic. In: Proceedings of the Society for the Study of the Kyrgyz territory, Orenburg, vol 5(2), 104 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Landscape and biological diversity of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2005) Information-analytical review of the UN Development Program. OO “OST-XXI Century”, Almaty, 242 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavrenko EM (1940) Steppes of the USSR. Vegetation of the USSR, vol II. Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, pp 1–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavrenko EM (1956) Steppe and agricultural lands in their place. Explanatory text to the “Map of the USSR Geobotanical, Scale 1: 4000000”, vol II, Ed. AN USSR. Moscow, Leningrad., T.2, pp 595–730

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavrenko EM (1965) The provincial division of the Central Asian and Irano-Turanian subregions. Afro-Asian desert region. Bot J 50:3–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavrenko EM (1970) The provincial division of the Black Sea-Kazakhstan subregion steppe region of Eurasia. Bot J 55:609–625

    Google Scholar 

  • Map of ecosystems of Kazakhstan (2006) Scale 1:5 000 000. National Atlas of the Republic of Kazakhstan, vol 1. Natural resources. Republican Cartographic Factory, Almaty, pp 128–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Map of Mongolia’s ecosystems. Scale 1: 1000000. M.: EKOR, 1995, 15 sheets

    Google Scholar 

  • Marynich OV (2005) Steppe landscapes and biodiversity of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Landscape and biological diversity of the Republic of of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Information-analytical review of the UN Development Program. OO “OST-XXI Century”, Almaty, pp 62–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Marynich OV, Rachkovskaya EI (2008) Dynamics of recovery of vegetation on fallow lands in the dry steppes of Naurzum area of Kustanai region, Kazakhstan. Bot J 93:1083–1100

    Google Scholar 

  • Natural regionalization of Northern Kazakhstan. Publishing House of USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow-Leningrad, 1960, 468 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikolayev VA (1999) Landscapes of the Asian steppes. MGU, Moscow, p 288

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogar NP (1999) Vegetation of the river valleys of semi-arid and arid regions of mainland Asia. Abstract of doctoral thesis, Almaty, 36 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogar NP (2006) Principles of separation of ecosystems as territorial units for environmental assessment and mapping. J “Terra”, number 1:139–145 (Almaty)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogar NP, Rachkovskaya EI (2006) Natural ecosystems. Republic of Kazakhstan. National Atlas of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Natural resources, vol 3. Republican Cartographic Factory, Almaty, pp 447–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlov NV (1948) Botanical Geography of the USSR. Kazakh Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 704 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachkovskaya EI (2006) Vegetation. Republic of Kazakhstan. Natural conditions and resources, vol 1, pp 362–393

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachkovskaya EI, Ogar NP, Marynich OV (1999) Rare plant communities of the steppes of Kazakhstan and their protection. Steppe Bull 3–4:41–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachkovskaya EI, Safronova IN, Volkova EA (2003) Botanical and geographical regionalization. Botanical Geography of Kazakhstan and Middle Asia (desert region), St. Petersburg, pp 192–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Red Book Kazakh SSR (1981), Part 2, Plants. Publishing House “Nauka” of Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata, 266 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubtsov NI (1948) Vegetation cover of Djungarian Alatau. Publishing House of Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata, 184 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubtsov NI (1952) Vegetation cover in Kazakhstan. Essays on the physical geography of Kazakhstan. Publishing House of Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata, pp 48–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubtsov NI (1954) The steppes of Northern Tien Shan. J Izv Kazakh SSR Ser Biol 7:3–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Safronova IN (1967) Biogeography and phytocoenology of steppe shrubs of Central Kazakhstan hills. Bot J 52:844–851

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobolev LN (1948) Natural fodder lands in Kazakhstan. In: Proceedings of expedition on the study of land funds of the Kazakh SSR, vol 9. Alma-Ata, p 285

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokolov AA (1977) Common features of soil-forming and soils of eastern Kazakhstan. Publishing House “Nauka”, Alma-Ata, 231 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Stepanova EF (1962) The vegetation and flora of the ridge Tarbagatai. Publishing House of Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata, 434 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Tishkov AA (2002) Nature protection and conservation. The physical geography of Northern Eurasia. Oxford regional environments. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 227–245

    Google Scholar 

  • The steppes of Eurasia. Nauka, Leningrad, 1991, 146 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • The Republic of Kazakhstan (2006) National Atlas of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Socio-economic development, vol 2. Republican Cartographic Factory, Almaty, 243 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • The vegetation map of the steppe part of Kazakh melkosopochnik (1975) Scale 1:1 500 000. UTS, Moscow, 2 sheets

    Google Scholar 

  • Vegetation map of Kazakhstan. M: 15000000 (2006) National atlas of the Republic of Kazakhstan, vol 1. Natural resources, p 110 Vegetation map of Kazakhstan. Scale 1:5 000 000 (2006) National Atlas of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Natural resources, vol 1. Republican Cartographic Factory, Almaty

    Google Scholar 

  • Vegetation map of Northern Kazakhstan. Scale 1:1,500,000 (1960) Natural regionalization of Northern Kazakhstan. Publishing House of USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow-Leningrad

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkova EA (1994) Botanical geography of the Mongolian and Gobi Altai. Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 129 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkova EA (2003) Botanical geography of the mountain provinces of Kazakhstan and Middle Asia (Desert Region). Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, pp 402–407

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We wish to thank all those who assisted in conducting researches in Kazakhstan and editing of this article. Special thanks to Mrs. Heather Triplett for her viewing the English version.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. M. Bragina .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rachkovskaya, E.I., Bragina, T.M. (2012). Steppes of Kazakhstan: Diversity and Present State. In: Werger, M., van Staalduinen, M. (eds) Eurasian Steppes. Ecological Problems and Livelihoods in a Changing World. Plant and Vegetation, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3886-7_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics