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Botany and Cytogenetics of Soybean

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The Soybean Genome

Part of the book series: Compendium of Plant Genomes ((CPG))

Abstract

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an economically important dicot legume, is a member of the family Fabaceae and belongs to the genus Glycine Willd. Based on classical and molecular taxonomy, the genus Glycine has been divided into two subgenera; the subgenus Soja (Moench) F.J. Hermann includes soybean and its wild annual progenitor G. soja Sieb. & Zucc. Both species contain 2n = 40 chromosomes, are cross-compatible, produce fertile F1 plants, and belong to the primary gene pool. The subgenus Glycine consists of 26 wild perennial species. Vegetative and reproductive morphology of soybean has been examined extensively. The cytogenetic knowledge of soybean lags far behind that of other model economically important crops (viz. rice, maize, wheat, tomato), because its somatic chromosomes are symmetrical and only one pair of satellite chromosomes can be identified. Molecular linkage maps have been associated with specific chromosomes, and soybean genome has been sequenced. The soybean breeders, worldwide, are confined to crossing within the primary gene pool; thus, genetic base of soybean is very narrow. Wild perennial Glycine species of the tertiary gene pool have been recently exploited to broaden the genetic base of modern soybean cultivars.

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  1. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1101 West Peabody Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    R. J. Singh

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  1. R. J. Singh
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Correspondence to R. J. Singh .

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  1. Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

    Henry T. Nguyen

  2. Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

    Madan Kumar Bhattacharyya

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Singh, R.J. (2017). Botany and Cytogenetics of Soybean. In: Nguyen, H., Bhattacharyya, M. (eds) The Soybean Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64198-0_2

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