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Baccharis: Diversity and Distribution

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Baccharis

Abstract

Baccharis is a monophyletic genus characterized by functionally unisexual florets, generally distributed in distinct individuals (dioecy), but also including monoecious, gynodioecious, and polygamous species. The genus has not been revised taxonomically as a whole for nearly two centuries. Recent country- or dependent territory-level checklists are hardly comparable and mostly outdated. A comprehensive checklist on the diversity and distributions of Baccharis at generic, infrageneric, and specific levels, including putative hybrids, and adventitious occurrences is provided. Baccharis comprises 442 species classified into 47 sections and 7 subgenera. The genus is native in the Americas, from southeastern Canada and northwestern USA to Tierra del Fuego, with species native to the Falkland/Malvinas Islands, across most of the Caribbean islands and the Galápagos archipelago. Complete lists of species per country and territory are provided. Brazil (185 species, 114 endemics), Argentina (110 species, 25 endemics), and Bolivia (76 species, 22 endemic) are the richest countries for the genus. Four species are highlighted for occurring in more than ten countries or territories within their native range (B. dioica, B. pedunculata, B. trinervis, B. salicifolia), while at least 218 species are endemic to a single country or territory. The role of hybridization in the genus diversity, ecology, and evolution is still a neglected subject, and 38 putative hybrid taxa were described so far. Some species were spread outside the American continent by anthropogenic dispersals, and at least two have established naturalized alien populations: B. halimifolia in Europe and Oceania and B. spicata in Europe.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to acknowledge financial support from CNPq/Brazil (314590/2020-0), FAPERGS (17/2551-0000333-0), IAPT Research Grants in Plant Systematics 2010, the Smithsonian Institution’s 2011 Cuatrecasas Fellowship Award, the Systematics Research Fund 2015/2016, and LinnéSys 2020/2021. I also would like to thank Carolina Moriani Siniscalchi and Benoît Patrice Francis Loeuille for their invaluable comments and contributions for the improvement of this chapter.

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  1. Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Gustavo Heiden

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  1. Gustavo Heiden
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Correspondence to Gustavo Heiden .

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  1. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Geraldo Wilson Fernandes

  2. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Yumi Oki

  3. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Milton Barbosa

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Heiden, G. (2021). Baccharis: Diversity and Distribution. In: Fernandes, G.W., Oki, Y., Barbosa, M. (eds) Baccharis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83511-8_2

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