Abstract
Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) constitute today the mammalian order with the highest species diversity and the largest geographical distribution, since they live in almost all terrestrial habitats worldwide in great numbers. The fossil record shows that they appeared in the Paleocene, possibly in Asia, and diversified and spread mostly during the Eocene and Neogene. The present review of the Greek rodent fossil record reveals the presence of 23 subfamilies in 8 families (Sciuridae, Gliridae, Castoridae, Dipodidae, Muridae, Eomyidae, Ctenodactylidae, Hystricidae) from 108 Upper Oligocene to Upper Pleistocene localities. Fifty-three (53) species and one subspecies have been named from Greek type localities. The vast majority of these species (42) come from Miocene localities, with 11 of them from the Lower Miocene locality Aliveri, 11 more from the Upper Miocene locality Maritsa 1 and five from the Miocene/Pliocene boundary locality Maramena.
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Acknowledgments
This chapter is dedicated to the late Kostakis Theocharopoulos, an esteemed friend and colleague. We are deeply obliged to Dr. Wilma Wessels for access to important literature and the original images and drawings, as well as for having offered the Karydia faunal list. We are also grateful to Dr. Hans de Bruijn, Emeritus Prof. George Koufos, Dr. Constantine Doukas, Dr. Kalliopi Koliadimou, Dr. Katerina Chatzopoulou, Dr. Athanassios Athanassiou and Dr. Kees Hordijk for giving permission to use original images and drawings. All the hard and tedious work of scanning original plates by Frans Verdaasdonk and Dr. Wilma Wessels is very much appreciated. Without all the intense and lifelong work on fossil rodents, in general, and on the Greek fossil rodents, in particular, of Hans de Bruijn, most of the knowledge presented here would not have been established. For this and also for all the help he offered and knowledge he shared with both authors during the past 24 years, we both want to express our gratitude and dedicate this chapter to him. We greatly appreciated fruitful comments and suggestions by Dr. Wilma Wessels and Dr. Sevket Şen.
Editorial Note
The works in this book (lagomorphs, rodents, insectivores) are the last of Katerina, who left us recently after a long battle with cancer. Katerina deeply believed in this collective project and worked with passion and dedication for its implementation, giving even her very last strength. Unfortunately, she could not deal with the constructive comments and suggestions of the reviewers, a task undertaken by the co-authors of the articles and her friends in the same scientific field.
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Appendix
Appendix
List of Greek localities with known occurrences of fossil rodents arranged in approximate geochronological order. Locality numbers refer to the collection numbers of the PaleoBiology Database (PBDB). Type localities are marked with boldface
LocalitiesPBDB No | Age (MNQ) | Taxon |
|---|---|---|
Pili204953 | Sub-recent | Dryomys nitedula1 Myomimus roachi1 |
Loutra Almopias Cave Ia204954 | Late Pleistocene, Younger Dryas (13,000–14,500 BP) | Dryomys nitedula2 Glis glis2 Muscardinus avellanarius2 Spermophilus citellus2 Spalax leucodon2 Mesocricetus newtoni2 Cricetulus migratorius2 Apodemus mystacinus2 Apodemus sylvaticus/flavicollis2 Apodemus uralensis2 Myodes glareolus2 Microtus (Microtus) arvalis/agrestis2 Microtus (Pitymys) cf. subterraneus2 Chionomys nivalis2 Arvicola terrestris2 |
Kitseli Pothole204955 | Late Pleistocene | Cricetulus migratorius3 Microtus (Microtus) arvalis3 cf. Microtus (Pitymys) subterraneus/multiplex3 Chionomys cf. nivalis3 |
Trypiti203848 | Late Pleistocene | Apodemus cf. mystacinus4,5 |
Dimitra 2204956 | Late Pleistocene | Spermophilus citelloides6 Apodemus sylvaticus/flavicollis6 Murinae indet.6 Microtus (Microtus) cf. arvalis6 Arvicola cf. terrestris6 |
Arnissa204957 | Late Pleistocene [penultimate interglacial (Eemian) age] | Dryomys nitedula7 Spermophilus citellus7 Spalax microphthalmus7 Mesocricetus newtoni7 Cricetulus migratorius7 Apodemus mystacinus7 Apodemus sp.7 Lagurus lagurus7 Myodes glareolus7 Microtus (Microtus) guentheri7 Microtus (Microtus) arvalis7 Microtus (Pitymys) sp.7 Microtus sp.7 Chionomys nivalis7 Arvicola cantiana/terrestris7 Sicista subtilis7 |
Loutra Almopias Cave LAC203847 | Late Pleistocene, middle Würm (42,500 BP) | Dryomys nitedula2 Glis glis2 Muscardinus avellanarius2 Spermophilus citellus2 Spalax leucodon2 Mesocricetus newtoni2 Cricetulus migratorius2 Apodemus mystacinus2 Apodemus sylvaticus/flavicollis2 Apodemus uralensis2 Mus spicilegus2 Myodes glareolus2 Microtus (Microtus) arvalis/agrestis2 Microtus (Pitymys) cf. subterraneus2 Chionomys nivalis2 Arvicola terrestris2 Sicista subtilis2 |
Petralona Cave183123 | Middle Pleistocene | Myomimus personatus8 Spermophilus sp.8 ? Spalax sp.8 Allocricetus sp./Cricetulus sp.8 Microtus sp.8 Hystrix sp.8 |
Latomi 1204077 | Middle Pleistocene | Dryomys nitedula9 Myomimus roachi9 Spermophilus cf. xanthoprymnus9 Spalax nehringi9 Mesocricetus cf. brandti9 Cricetulus migratorius9 Apodemus mystacinus9 Apodemus sp.9 Mus sp.9 Rattus rattus9 cf. Rattus sp.9 Lagurus lagurus9 Microtus (Microtus) guentheri9 Microtus (Microtus) arvalis9 Chionomys nivalis9 Arvicola mosbachensis9 Sicista subtilis9 Allactaga cf. euphratica9 |
Varkiza 2204167 | Middle or Late Pleistocene | Myomimus personatus10 Apodemus mystacinus10 Apodemus sp.10 Mus musculus10 Arvicolinae indet.10 |
Varkiza 1204166 | Middle or Late Pleistocene | Apodemus mystacinus10 Arvicolinae indet.10 Microtus (Pitymys) sp.10 Dinaromys cf. bogdanovi10 |
Marathousa 134765, 187637, 199937-40 | Middle Pleistocene, Galerian (~500–400 ky) | Apodemus sylvaticus/flavicollis11,12 Microtus sp. (cf. M. arvalis)11,12 Arvicola mosbachensis11,12 Castor fiber11,12 ?Allactaga indet.11,12 |
Choremi 4200082 | Middle Pleistocene, late Biharian (~580–620 ky) | Apodemus sp.13 Mus cf. spretus13 Mimomys sp.13 Mimomys aff. savini13 Castor fiber13 |
Choremi 3200081 | Middle Pleistocene, late Biharian (~710–730 ky) | Sciurus cf. vulgaris13 Apodemus cf. sylvaticus13 Murinae indet.13 Mus sp.13 Mimomys aff. savini13 Pliomys aff. episcopalis13 Castor fiber13 |
Choremi 2200080 | Middle Pleistocene, late Biharian (~840–880 ky) | Mimomys sp.13 Mimomys aff. savini13 Castor fiber13 |
Choremi 1200079 | Middle Pleistocene, late Biharian (~840–880 ky) | Mimomys aff. savini13 |
Volos34808 | Pleistocene (MNQ21) | Cricetulus migratorius14 Apodemus mystacinus14 Apodemus sylvaticus/flavicollis14 Prolagurus pannonicus14 Microtus (Terricola) arvalidens14 |
Kalamoto-1200083 | Pleistocene (MNQ20) | Mimomys savini15 |
Apollonia-134784 | Pleistocene (MNQ20) | Lagurodon arankae16,17 |
Ravin Voulgarakis34783 | Pleistocene (MNQ20) | Glis aff. glis17 Myomimus sp.17 Spermophilus nogaici17 Pliospalax senii17 Cricetinus koufosi17 Apodemus mystacinus17 Apodemus sylvaticus/flavicollis17 Mimomys savini17 Lagurodon arankae17 Kislangia sp.17 Microtus (Allophaiomys) pitymyoides17 Sicista subtilis17 |
Zeli 2A+B34786 | Pleistocene (MNQ20) | Micromys cf. minutus14 Apodemus mystacinus14 Apodemus sylvaticus/flavicollis14 Mimomys savini14 Pliomys episcopalis14 Lagurodon sp.14 Microtus sp.14 |
Zeli 234785 | Pleistocene (MNQ20) | Apodemus mystacinus14 Apodemus sylvaticus/flavicollis14 Mimomys savini14 Lagurodon arankae14 Microtus sp.14 |
Alikes34782 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian (?MNQ19) | Mimomys sp.18 Lagurodon cf. arankae18 Hystrix refossa18 |
Kalymnos-Xi34770 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian (MNQ19) | Myomimus roachi14,19,20 Sciurus sp.14,19,20 Spalax cf. nehringi14,19,20 Meriones tristrami14,19,20 Mesocricetus cf. auratus14,19,20 Apodemus mystacinus14,19,20 Apodemus sylvaticus/flavicollis14,19,20 Mus aegaeus14,19,20 Kalymnomys major20 Microtus (Allophaiomys) sp.14,19,20 Microtus (Tibericola) jordanica14,19,20 |
Marathoussa34765 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian (MNQ19) | Spermophilus sp.21 Cricetinus koufosi17,21 Apodemus sylvaticus/flavicolis21 Mimomys sp.21 Lagurodon arankae21 Microtus (Allophaiomys) pliocaenicus21 Sicista cf. subtilis21 |
Tourkobounia 534592 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian | Gliridae indet.22 Sciuridae indet.22 Cricetulus cf. migratorius22 Murinae indet.22 |
Tourkobounia 434592 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian | Gliridae indet.22 Cricetinae indet.22 Murinae indet.22 Arvicolinae indet.22 |
Tourkobounia 334592 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian | Sciuridae indet.22 Cricetinae indet.22 Murinae indet.22 Arvicolinae indet.22 |
Tourkobounia 234767 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian (MNQ19) | Eliomys quercinus23 Glis sp.23 Myomimus roachi23 Sciurus cf. anomalus23 Cricetulus migratorius23 Apodemus mystacinus23 Apodemus cf. flavicollis23 Lagurodon arankae23 Kalymnomys major23 Microtus (Tibericola) eleniae23 |
Kaiafas34766 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian (MNQ19) | Glis n. sp.14 Glis sackdillingensis14 Sciurus sp.14 Cricetulus cf. migratorius14 Apodemus mystacinus14 Apodemus sylvaticus/flavicollis14 Mimomys savini14 Pliomys episcopalis14 Lagurodon sp.14 Kalymnomys major14 Microtus (Allophaiomys) cf. ruffoi14 |
Pyrgos34655 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian (?MNQ18) | Kalymnomys major14 |
Lagkada205041 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian (MNQ18) | Myomimus roachi14 Apodemus cf. mystacinus14 Apodemus cf. sylvaticus/flavicollis14 Mimomys ostramosensis14 Kalymnomys cf. major14 |
Kastoria 234653 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian (MNQ18) | Myomimus roachi14 Apodemus dominans14 Mimomys reidi14 Mimomys pliocaenicus14 Pliomys episcopalis14 Borsodia newtoni14 Myodes sp.14 Pitymimomys pitymyoides14 |
Gerakarou 134617 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian (MNQ18) | Apodemus cf. mystacinus16 Mimomys sp.16,24,25 cf. Borsodia sp.16 Hystrix refossa16,25 |
Kardamena204662 | Early Pleistocene, Biharian | Myomimus sp.14 Apodemus cf. dominans14 Mimomys cf. reidi14 |
Thoknia205042 | Early Pleistocene, (lower part of MNQ18 in Benda et al. 1987) | Mimomys (Kislangia) rex14,26 Pliomys cf. episcopalis14,26 |
Sesklo (upper level)34614 | Early Pleistocene, late Villanyian (MNQ17) | cf. Hystrix27 |
Yialtra204804 | Early Pleistocene | Mimomys sp.28 |
Karnezeika202122 | Early Pleistocene, middle-late Villafranchian (2.1–1.9 Ma, Iliopoulos personal communication August 2019) | Gliridae indet.29 Apodemus cf. dominans29 Kalymnomys sp.29 Kislangia sp.29 |
Rema Aslan205075 | Early Pleistocene, late Villanyian | Myomimus roachi14 Apodemus cf. dominans14 Rhagapodemus cf. frequens athensis14 Mimomys sp.14 |
Damatria34591 | Pliocene, Villanyian (MN16) | Myomimus sp.14 Thallomys? sp.14 Apodemus cf. dominans14 Mimomys cf. hajnackensis14 Hystrix sp.14 |
Archipolis205077 | Pliocene, Villanyian (MN 16a in Doukas and Papayianni 2016) | Apodemus cf. dominans14,30 Rhagapodemus cf. frequens14,30 Mimomys cf. gracilis14,30 |
Milia-5185859 | Pliocene, Villanyian (MN16a) | Hystrix refossa31 |
Limni 634590 | Pliocene, Villanyian (MN16) | Dryomys sp.14,32 Eliomys sp.14,32 Myomimus cf. roachi14,32 Micromys cf. praeminutus14,28,32 Apodemus dominans14,28,32 Rhagapodemus frequens athensis14,28,32 Orientalomys similis14,28,32 Mimomys cf. hajnackensis14,32 Mimomys cf. gracilis14,32 Pliomys graecus14,28,32 |
Tourkobounia 134589 | Pliocene, Villanyian (MN16) | Dryomys sp.1,14,33 Glis minor1,14,33 Dryomimus aff. eliomyoides1,14,33 Sciurus cf. anomalus1,14,33 Pliospalax tourkobouniensis1,14,33 Apodemus dominans1,14,33 Rhagapodemus frequens athensis1,14,33 Orientalomys similis1,14,33 Mimomys cf. hajnackensis1,14,33 Pliomys graecus1,14,33 Hystricidae indet.14 |
Kastoria 134588 | Pliocene, late Ruscinian (MN15 in Koufos 2013) | Dryomimus cf. eliomyoides14 Keramidomys sp.14 Apodemus sp.14 Apodemus dominans14 Rhagapodemus frequens14 Dolomys occitanus14 Propliomys hungaricus14 |
Notio 1205081 | Pliocene, late Ruscinian (MN15, ~3.97–3.92 Ma) | Glis minor34 Myomimus aff. maritsensis34 Sciurus anomalus34 Prospalax priscus34 Occitanomys magnus34 Apodemus dominans34 Apodemus atavus34 Rhagapodemus frequens34 Dolomys cf. nehringi34 Propliomys hungaricus34 Castoridae indet.34 |
Spilia 3–431900, 31907 | Pliocene, late Ruscinian (MN15) | Myomimus maritsensis14 Murinae indet.14 Occitanomys brailloni14 Apodemus dominans14 Apodemus cf. jeanteti14 Dolomys occitanus14 |
Komanos 2205081 | Pliocene, late Ruscinian (MN15, 4.81–4.77 Ma) | Micromys bendai34 Mimomys davakosi34 |
Ptolemais 335088 | Pliocene, late Ruscinian (MN15, ~4.95–4.77 Ma) | Occitanomys brailloni34,35 Micromys bendai (= Micromys kozaniensis) 34,35 Apodemus atavus34,35 Rhagapodemus primaevus34,35 Mimomys davakosi34,35 Castor fiber34,35 |
Megalo Emvolon 136579 | Pliocene, late Ruscinian, MN 15 | Spalax odessanus36 |
Apolakkia184242 | Pliocene, late Ruscinian (MN15) | Apodemus aff. dominans14,37 Dolomys sp.14,37 Dolomys occitanus14,37 Castor fiber14,37 |
Kato Afiartis205291 | Pliocene, early Ruscinian | Muscardinus sp.38 Pteromyini indet.38 Neocricetodon sp.38 Apodemus aff. dominans38 |
Makrygialos205292 | Pliocene, Ruscinian (older than MN15–16) | cf. Mimomys sp.39 |
Vorio 3 and 3A205086 | Pliocene, early Ruscinian (MN14, ~4.95–4.85 Ma) | Pliopetaurista dehneli34 Occitanomys brailloni34 Micromys bendai34 Apodemus dominans34 Apodemus atavus34 Rhagapodemus primaevus34 Microtodon aff. komanensis34 Mimomys davakosi34 Castoridae indet.34 |
Ptolemais 135086 | Pliocene, early Ruscinian (MN14, ~5.04–4.95 Ma) | Hylopetes sp.34,35 Occitanomys brailloni34,35 Micromys bendai34,35 Apodemus atavus34,35 Rhagapodemus primaevus34,35 Promimomys cor34,35 Castor fiber34,35 |
Limni 3205045 | Pliocene, early Ruscinian (MN14) | Occitanomys cf. brailloni14 Apodemus cf. dominans14 Promimomys cf. insuliferus14 |
Tomea Eksi 3205088 | Pliocene, early Ruscinian (MN14, ~4.97–4.93 Ma) | Micromys bendai34 Apodemus dominans34 Apodemus atavus34 Rhagapodemus primaevus34 Mimomys aff. davakosi34 |
Vorio 1205087 | Pliocene, early Ruscinian (MN14, ~5.04 Ma) | Occitanomys brailloni34 Micromys bendai34 Rhagapodemus primaevus34 Promimomys cor34 |
Kardia35087 | Pliocene, early Ruscinian (MN14, ~5.23–5.22 Ma) | Occitanomys brailloni34,35 Micromys steffensi34,35 Apodemus atavus34,35 Rhagapodemus primaevus34,35 Promimomys cor34,35 Castor fiber34,35 |
Komanos 1 high A and B205083 | Pliocene, early Ruscinian (MN14, ~5.22 Ma) | Pliopetaurista dehneli34 Allocricetus ehiki34 Occitanomys adroveri34 Micromys steffensi34 Apodemus atavus34 Rhagapodemus primaevus34 Promimomys cor34 Microtodon komanensis34 Castoridae indet.34 |
Komanos 1 low A and B205084 | Pliocene, early Ruscinian (MN14, ~5.23 Ma) | Glis minor34 Tamias sp.34 Allocricetus ehiki34 Occitanomys adroveri34 Micromys steffensi34 Apodemus atavus34 Rhagapodemus primaevus34 Promimomys cor34 Microtodon komanensis34 Microtodon sp.34 |
Spilia 031931, 131229 | Pliocene, early Ruscinian (MN14, ~5.23–4.95 Ma) | Mesocricetus sp.14,40,41 Occitanomys brailloni14,40,41 Occitanomys adroveri14,40,41 Micromys bendai14,40,41 Apodemus dominans14,40,41 Rhagapodemus hautimagnensis14,40,41 Promimomys insuliferus14,40,41 |
Nea Silata191612 | Miocene/Pliocene, Turolian/Ruscinian, (MN13/14, ~5.4–5.23 Ma) | Myomimus maritsensis42,43 Pliopetaurista dehneli42,43 Spermophilinus cf. turolensis42,43 Pliospalax cf. macoveii42,43 Mesocricetus primitivus42,43 Occitanomys brailloni42,43 Micromys cf. paricioi42,43 Apodemus gorafensis42,43 Apodemus dominans42,43 |
Maramena32189 | Miocene/Pliocene, Turolian/Ruscinian, (MN13/14, ~5.4–5.23 Ma) | Glis cf. minor44,47 Muscardinus pliocaenicus44,47 Myomimus maritsensis44,47 Hylopetes macedoniensis44 Pliopetaurista dehneli46,47 Miopetaurista thaleri46,47 Tamias atsali46,47 Spermophilinus turolensis Eomyops catalaunicus46,47 Keramidomys cf. carpathicus46,47 Neocricetodon browni45,47 Hypsocricetus strimonis45,47 Allocricetus cf. ehiki44,47 Hansdebruijnia neutrum Micromys cingulatus47,48 Apodemus gorafensis47,48 Apodemus cf. dominans47,48 Rhagapodemus primaevus47,48 Castoridae indet.47 |
Ano Metochi 2–331924, 31928 | Miocene/Pliocene, Turolian/Ruscinian, (MN13/14, ~5.4–5.23 Ma) | Myomimus cf. maritsensis40,45,48,49 Pliopetaurista dehneli40,45,48,49 Tamias atsali40,45,48,49 Pliospalax sp.40,45,48,49 Pseudomeriones sp.40,45,48,49 Hypsocricetus strimonis45,48,49 Occitanomys adroveri40,45,48,49 Micromys bendai40,45,48,49 Apodemus gorafensis40,45,48,49 Apodemus dominans40,45,48,49 Rhagapodemus hautimagnensis40,45,48,49 |
Kessani-1205296 | Miocene/Pliocene, Turolian/Ruscinian, (MN13/14, ~5.4–5.23 Ma in Koufos and Vasileiadou 2015) | Myomimus maritsensis50,51 Pliopetaurista dehneli50,51 Pliospalax sp.50,51 Pseudomeriones cf. rhodius50,51 Mesocricetus cf. primitivus51 Occitanomys adroveri51 Micromys steffensi51 aff. Arvicanthis sp.51 Apodemus gorafensis51 Apodemus atavus/dominans50 Rhagapodemus primaevus51 |
Kessani-2205297 | Miocene/Pliocene, Turolian/Ruscinian, (MN13/14, ~5.4–5.23 Ma in Koufos and Vasileiadou 2015) | Pliopetaurista dehneli50,51 Pseudomeriones cf. rhodius51 Mesocricetus cf. primitivus51 aff. Arvicanthis sp.51 Apodemus gorafensis51 Apodemus atavus/dominans50,51 Rhagapodemus primaevus50,51 |
Prosilion–Mercurion205093 | Late Miocene, late Turolian (MN13) | Micromys bendai34 Arvicanthis cf. broekhuisi34 cf. Promimomys sp.34 |
Tomea Eksi 2205089 | Late Miocene, late Turolian (MN13, 5.40–5.30 Ma) | Pseudomeriones sp.34 Occitanomys debruijni34 Micromys bendai34 Arvicanthis broekhuisi34 Apodemus gorafensis34 |
Tomea Eksi 1205090 | Late Miocene, late Turolian, MN 13 (5.43–5.32 Ma) | Pseudomeriones sp.34 Occitanomys debruijni34 Micromys bendai34 Arvicanthis broekhuisi34 Apodemus gorafensis34 |
Monasteri31940 | Late Miocene, late Turolian (uppermost MN13, ~5.96–5.33 Ma) | Myomimus maritsensis40,45,48,52 Hylopetes sp.40,45,48,52 Keramidomys cf. carpathicus40,45,48,52 Pseudomeriones megistos40,45,48,52 Hypsocricetus strimonis45,48,52 Occitanomys adroveri40,45,48,52 Micromys bendai40,45,48,52 Apodemus gorafensis45,48,52 Rhagapodemus hautimagnensis45,48,52 |
Paliambela-B205333 | Late Miocene, late Turolian (uppermost MN13, ~5.96–5.33 Ma) | Pseudomeriones megistos52 |
Paliambela-A205335 | Late Miocene, late Turolian (uppermost MN13, ~5.96–5.33 Ma) | Micromys cf. steffensi39 |
Lava 2205341 | Late Miocene, late Turolian (MN13, ~6.8 Ma) | Glis cf. minor53 Muscardinus cf. vireti53 Pliopetaurista sp. (larger than dehneli)53 Hylopetes cf. hungaricus53 Blackia miocaenica53 Spermophilinus sp. (larger than turolensis)53 Eomyops cf. catalaunicus53 Prospalax aff. petteri53 Neocricetodon browni53 Apodemus sp.53 |
Dytiko-332376 | Late Miocene, late Turolian (MN13, 7.0–6.0 Ma) | Hystrix primigenia54 |
Dytiko-132374 | Late Miocene, late Turolian (MN13, 7.0–6.0 Ma) | Micromys steffensi55 |
Maritsa 168046 | Late Miocene, late Turolian (MN13) | Eliomys aff. intermedius56 Myomimus maritsensis56 Atlantoxerus rhodius56 Spermophilinus giganteus56 Keramidomys carpathicus56 Pliospalax sotirisi33,56 Calomyscus minor56 Pseudomeriones rhodius57,58* Mesocricetus primitivus56 Cricetus lophidens56 Occitanomys debruijni58 Paraethomys meini56 (= Occitanomys anomalus56) Pelomys europeus56 Apodemus cf. dominans56 Rhagapodemus vandeweerdi33 |
Chalkoutsi205344 | Late Miocene, Turolian (MN11–13) | ? Paraethomys sp.59 |
Kalithies205343 | Late Miocene, Turolian (MN11–13) | Eomyidae indet.59–61 Byzantinia sp.59–61 Pseudomeriones sp.59–61 Neocricetodon sp.59–61 Hansdebruijnia cf. neutrum59–61 |
Alifakas207134 | Late Miocene, Turolian (MN11–13) | Hystrix primigenia62 |
Rema Marmara32190 | Late Miocene, middle/late Turolian (MN 12; tentatively) | Parapodemus gaudryi40 Hansdebruijnia neutrum40 Occitanomys brailloni40 Micromys bendai40 |
Halmyropotamos202213 | Late Miocene, Turolian (MN12) | Hystrix primigenia63 |
Pikermi182754 | Late Miocene, end of middle Turolian (MN12, ~7.1 Ma) | Hystrix primigenia64,65 (= Castor atticus) |
Pikermi–Megaloremma | Late Miocene, Turolian (MN12) | Parapodemus gaudryi66 |
Chomateri195562 | Late Miocene, Turolian (MN12) | Muscardinus sp.59 Myomimus cf. dehmi59 Byzantinia pikermiensis59 Neocricetodon aff. lavocati59 Parapodemus gaudryi59 Hansdebruijnia neutrum59 “Karnimata” provocator59 Hystrix primigenia67 |
Mytilinii 1B202216 | Late Miocene, Turolian (MN12, 7.17–7.13 Ma) | Spermophilinus cf. bredai68 Pliospalax cf. sotirisi68 Pseudomeriones pythagorasi68 |
Mytilinii 1A202215 | Late Miocene, Turolian (MN12, 7.17–7.13 Ma) | Spermophilinus cf. bredai68 Pseudomeriones pythagorasi68 “Karnimata” provocator68 |
Samos Quarry 495689 | Late Miocene, middle Turolian (MN12, slightly younger than 7.3 Ma) | Byzantinia hellenicus60,70 Parapodemus gaudryi60,69 |
Samos S3205351 | Late Miocene, middle Turolian (MN12, near the fossil level MYT, ~7.3 Ma) | Spermophilinus cf. bredai60 Pliospalax cf. sotirisi60 Byzantinia hellenicus60 Pseudomeriones pythagorasi60 “Karnimata” provocator60 Hystrix primigenia60 |
Vathylakkos-3182750 | Late Miocene, middle Turolian (MN12, ~7.3 Ma) | Parapodemus gaudryi71 |
Ravin des Zouaves 5195489 | Late Miocene, latest Vallesian (MN11, 8.23–8.07 Ma) | Murinae indet.72 |
Lefkon31223 | Late Miocene, latest Vallesian (MN10) | Myomimus dehmi40,45 Pliopetaurista bressana40,45 Byzantinia sp.40,45 Neocricetodon sp.40,45 Progonomys cathalai40,45 Parapodemus cf. lugdunensis40,45 Castoridae indet.40,45 |
Biodrak205342 | Late Miocene, latest Vallesian (MN10) | Miodyromys multicrestatus59 Eomyops sp.59 Byzantinia nikosi59 Progonomys cathalai59 |
Ravin de la Pluie191070 | Late Miocene, late Vallesian (MN10, 9.31–9.23 Ma) | Spermophilinus sp.72,73 Progonomys cathalai72,73 |
Kastellios (KA1, 2a, 3) 205360–205362, 205365 | Late Miocene, late Vallesian (MN10, 9.3–9.1 Ma) | Muscardinus cf. hispanicus74,75 Spermophilinus bredai74,75 Cricetulodon sp.74,75 Progonomys cathalai74,75 Progonomys woelferi74,75 |
Plakias183151 | Late Miocene, early Vallesian (lower part of MN 9, ~9.9 Ma or 9.311–9.6 Ma) | Glirulus (Paraglirulus) werenfelsi76,77 Gliridae indet.76,77 cf. Blackia sp.76,77 cf. Hylopetes sp.76,77 Eomyops aff. catalaunicus76,77 Eumyarion leemanni76,77 Cricetinae indet.76,77 Cricetulodon cretensis76,77 |
Serrae | Late Miocene, Vallesian–Turolian (MN9–13) | Chalicomys jaegeri78 |
Katheni207010 | Late Miocene, Vallesian–Turolian (MN9–13) | Myomimus dehmi32 Byzantinia aff. nikosi32 |
Chryssavgi 1205366 | Middle Miocene, late Astaracian (MN7+8) | Myomimus sp.17 Megacricetodon minor17 Byzantinia bayraktepensis17 |
Rema Patsiaris205388 | Middle Miocene | cf. Megacricetodon sp.39 |
Thymiana C205390 | Middle Miocene, Orleanian (MN5, ~15.5 Ma, interval of Chrons C5Bn.1n - C5Cr in Koufos 2006) | Sciuridae indet.79 Megacricetodon primitivus79 Cricetodon meini79 Democricetodon sp. 179 Sayimys intermedius79,80 |
Thymiana A205389 | Middle Miocene, Orleanian (MN5, ~15.5 Ma, interval of Chrons C5Bn.1n - C5Cr in Koufos 2006) | Microdyromys sp.79 Myomimus sp.79 Heramys sp.79 Megacricetodon primitivus79 Cricetodon meini79 Democricetodon n. sp. I79 Democricetodon n. sp. II79 Democricetodon gracilis79 Cricetodon sp.79 Sayimys intermedius79,80 |
Antonios73861 | Early Miocene, Orleanian (MN4/5) | cf. Microdyromys sp.81 Palaeosciurus sutteri81 Spermophilinus besana81 Pliospalax sp.81 Megacricetodon sp.81,82 Cricetodon meini81 Democricetodon franconicus81 Sayimys sp.81 |
Komotini68085 | Early Miocene, Orleanian (?MN4) | Tamias sp.32,83 Sciuridae indet.32,83 Cricetodon meini32,83 |
Thymiana 0 | Late Early Miocene (MN4) | Karydomys strati84 |
Moschopotamos208601 | Early Miocene, Orleanian (MN4) | Aliveria cf. brinkerinki85 |
Karydia69435 | Early Miocene, Orleanian (MN4) | Glirulus (Glirulus) diremptus86–89 Glirulus (Paraglirulus) agelakisi86–89 Glirudinus gracilis86–89 Glis galitopouli86–89 Seorsumuscardinus alpinus86–89 Miodyromys cf. praecox86–89 Aliveria luteijni86–89 Blackia miocaenica86–89 Palaeosciurus aff. fissurae86–89 Pseudotheridomys aff. parvulus86–89 Mirrabella tuberosa87 Eumyarion aff. latior87 Anomalomys minor86–89 Debruijnia kostakii89 Cricetodon aliveriensis87 Democricetodon franconicus86–89 Democricetodon gracilis86–89 Democricetodon cf. gaillardi86–89 Democricetodon anatolicus86–89 Karydomys symeonidisi86–89 Karydomys boskosi86–89 cf. Deperetomys sp.86–89 Miopetaurista sp.90 |
Aliveri68032 | Early Miocene, Orleanian (MN4, 18–17.5 Ma) | Bransatoglis complicatus92,98 Glirulus (Glirulus) diremptus92 Glirulus (Paraglirulus) agelakisi92 Microdyromys sp.92 Glirudinus euryodon92 Glis galitopouli92 Aliveria brinkerinki91 Aliveria luteyni91 Miopetaurista dehmi91 Blackia miocaenica91 Palaeosciurus aff. fissurae91,99 Tamias eviensis91 Pseudotheridomys parvulus96 Mirrabella tuberosa95 Eumyarion latior/weinfurteri97 Anomalomys aliveriensis97 Heramys eviensis93 Megacricetodon hellenicus82,97 Cricetodon aliveriensis93 Democricetodon franconicus86,97 Democricetodon gracilis86,99 |
Lapsarna186558 | Early Miocene, Orleanian (MN4, older than 18.4±0.5 Ma) | Glirulus (Glirulus) diremptus100,101 Eumyarion aff. latior/weinfurteri100,101 Democricetodon sp.100,101 |
Kyprinos196839 | Late Oligocene | Bransatoglis sjeni102 Paracricetodon aff. kavakderensis102 Pseudocricetodon moguntiacus cf. orientalis102 Mirrabella hansoulii102 Kerosinia aff. variabilis102 |
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Vasileiadou, K., Sylvestrou, I. (2022). The Fossil Record of Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Greece. In: Vlachos, E. (eds) Fossil Vertebrates of Greece Vol. 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68398-6_15
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