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Skullcaps (Scutellaria spp.): Ethnobotany and Current Research

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Medicinal Plants

Abstract

As a genus, Scutellaria designates a group of medicinal species employed for centuries as a potential cure for various ailments in many traditional medicine practices. Preparations derived from Scutellaria imbue crude drugs, concoctions, decoctions, essential oils, infusions, tinctures, tonics, and teas. Therapies are denoted as “complementary” when practiced in addition to conventional medical treatments or as “alternative” when carried out instead of conventional medical treatment. Studies have shown the designs of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies to safely and effectively treat and prevent a varied range of health conditions including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and osteoarthritis. Scutellaria, commonly known as skullcap, is represented by over 360 species belonging to the mint family Lamiaceae. The resulting forms of Scutellaria-based medicinal preparations concentrate in extracting adequate quantities of bioactive chemicals, or phytochemicals produced by plants. These phytochemicals serve in protection from predators as well as a way to ensure ecological adaptation for extreme weather survival. Further, a number of studies conducted to ascertain the role of bioactive compounds extracted from Scutellaria using in vitro and in vivo approaches have shown a lot of promise as antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Scutellaria species have been observed to have high amount of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids like baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, and wogonoside. Others include apigenin, chrysin, scutellarin, and scutellarien that have been extensively studied for their bioactivity using cell and animal model systems. Scutellaria genus exhibits great diversity in the presence of glandular and nonglandular trichomes on aboveground plant parts. The glandular trichomes are the organs specifically involved in chemical biosynthesis and ecophysiological adaptation and are employed as a taxonomic tool to differentiate various species.

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Acknowledgments

This work would not have been possible without the financial support of the capacity-building USDA NIFA entitled Germplasm conservation, anti-adipocytic and anticancer activity and metabolic engineering in the genus Scutellaria. CSRESS Award 3 2011-38821-30918. P.I.: N Joshee. A special thanks is given to Dr. Cindy Hargrove Rivers for editing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Family Sciences and Technology, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, USA

    Lani Irvin, Carissa Jackson, Richa Bajaj, Brajesh N. Vaidya & Nirmal Joshee

  2. Department of Natural Sciences, Middle Georgia State University, Macon, GA, USA

    Lani Irvin

  3. School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Aisha L. Hill

  4. Department of Biology, Herbarium Division, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

    Chonour Mahmoudi

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  1. Lani Irvin
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Correspondence to Nirmal Joshee .

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  1. Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, USA

    Nirmal Joshee

  2. Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA

    Sadanand A. Dhekney

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA

    Prahlad Parajuli

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Irvin, L. et al. (2019). Skullcaps (Scutellaria spp.): Ethnobotany and Current Research. In: Joshee, N., Dhekney, S., Parajuli, P. (eds) Medicinal Plants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31269-5_7

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