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Structure and Developmental Rhythm of Shoot Systems of A. frutescens (L.) K. Koch., A. replicata Lam., and A. pyrifolia Bunge (Atraphaxis L., Polygonaceae)

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Abstract

A structural and rhythmological analysis of shoot systems of three Atraphaxis species has been carried out. The species demonstrate differences in the structure of terminal synflorescences, floral units, and generative shoots. The duration of spring–summer flowering of Atraphaxis is determined by the number and branching order of paracladia in synflorescence and by the length of generative shoots. The species differ in the morphological differentiation of the axes and in the distribution of functions between generative and vegetative shoots. The main skeletal axes of A. frutescens are based on the generative shoots, which perform both assimilative and reproductive functions. The species takes the life form of an aeroxylic shrub, dwarf shrub or semi-shrub, depending on the preserved part of vegetative zone of generative shoots, which is determined by wintering conditions. The main skeletal axes of A. replicata are based on both generative and vegetative shoots. Terminal abbreviation, that is, the underdevelopment of terminal synflorescence in powerful generative shoots, creates conditions for the transfer of reproductive function to small, early flowering generative shoots, which allows the species to adapt to a semiarid climate. The formation of a perennial axial system in A. pyrifolia is based on powerful branched vegetative shoots, making it possible to more fully implement the advantages of acrotonic branching and achieve a significant size. The specialization of generative shoots in the performance of the reproductive function in this species is most fully implemented.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank E.A. Arkhipov, P.D. Gudkov, A.N. Kupriyanov, G.A. Laz’kov, T.M. Lysenko, M.V. Olonova, V.G. Onipchenko, M.G. Pimenov, A.V. Popov, and A.L. Ebel for the herbarium specimens they collected, as well as N.S. Barabanshchikova, D.A. Krivenko, A.K. Timonin, and a reviewer for helpful advice and comments that helped to significantly improve the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20-04-00033.

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  1. Moscow Pedagogical State University, 129164, Moscow, Russia

    M. V. Kostina

  2. Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    O. V. Yurtseva

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Correspondence to M. V. Kostina.

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Kostina, M.V., Yurtseva, O.V. Structure and Developmental Rhythm of Shoot Systems of A. frutescens (L.) K. Koch., A. replicata Lam., and A. pyrifolia Bunge (Atraphaxis L., Polygonaceae). Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 14, 241–254 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425521030070

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