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The effect of chitosan-modified gold nanoparticles in Lemna valdiviana and Daphnia pulex

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Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are nowadays used in many areas of science, particularly in medicine as drug release and gene carriers. The extensive use of these materials makes imperative the study of their effects on the environment after their disposal, that mostly affects the aquatic media. The present work explores the bioaccumulation and toxicity of chitosan-functionalized and non-functionalized gold nanoparticles, with primary producers (Lemna valdiviana) and primary consumers (Daphnia pulex) aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of 27.4 nm AuNPs and 43.1 nm chitosan-gold nanoparticles (CO-AuNPs) was evaluated in both microorganisms, finding accumulation of AuNPs and inhomogeneous aggregation of CO-AuNPs in Daphnia pulex gut, and internalization of both types of nanoparticles in Lemna valdiviana cell walls. The effective concentration of nanomaterial for 50% survival (LC50) of Daphnia pulex organisms was 1.13 mg/L for AuNPs and 0.96 mg/L for CO-AuNPs in the acute test. In Lemna valdiviana 7-day test, the EC50 for area and frond number were 1.19 mg/L and 1.26 mg/L, respectively, for AuNPs, 1.53 mg/L and 1.44 mg/L, respectively, for CO-AuNPs, finding higher toxicity of CO-AuNPs to Daphnia pulex, and AuNPs to Lemna valdiviana. The obtained results suggest that the effects of nanomaterials on the growth and survival of key organisms deserve further study, as this may lead to the development of appropriate environmental regulations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the support of the Universidad Austral de Chile through the Instituto de Materiales y Procesos Termomecánicos (Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería), the Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (Facultad de Ciencias), and Instituto de Ciencias Químicas (Facultad de Ciencias); and the Instituto Politécnico Nacional through the Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, both for the resources and facilities granted to carry out this research. PAG acknowledges the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) for the Ph.D. scholarship (430637). IMV thanks Fondecyt Regular 1181695 and INLARVI network of VIDCA-UACh, Chile.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, 07340, Mexico City, Mexico

    Paulina Abrica-González, José Abraham Balderas-López & Alejandro Muñoz-Diosdado

  2. Facultad de Ciencias de La Ingeniería, Instituto de Materiales Y Procesos Termomecánicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5111187, Valdivia, Chile

    E. Zumelzu

  3. Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas Y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile

    Jorge Nimptsch

  4. Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile

    Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada & Mario E. Flores

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  1. Paulina Abrica-González
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Contributions

PAG, EZ, and JN conceived and designed the study. PAG and JN carried out the experiments and data collection. All authors analyzed the data and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Paulina Abrica-González.

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Abrica-González, P., Zumelzu, E., Nimptsch, J. et al. The effect of chitosan-modified gold nanoparticles in Lemna valdiviana and Daphnia pulex. Gold Bull 55, 77–91 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13404-021-00306-4

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