Abstract
Rust fungi on commercial Vitis cultivars, wild Vitaceae, and Meliosma (Sabiaceae), potential alternate hosts of a grapevine leaf rust (GLR) fungus, were surveyed in Thailand and Vietnam. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer 2 and the large-subunit rRNA gene (D1/D2 region) and morphological examinations confirmed that the GLR fungus distributed in Southeast Asia and Australasia is distinct from Neophysopella species involved in GLRs in East Asia and the Americas. Therefore, the Southeast Asian-Australasian GLR fungus is recognized as a new Neophysopella species and named as N. tropicalis. Two fungi on Meliosma species in Thailand were aecial anamorph of Neophysopella species. One parasitic on M. simplicifolia and M. simplicifolia subsp. fordii was previously named as Aecidium wareoense, and a new name, N. wareoensis, is proposed for it. Another on M. arnottiana in Thailand was phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from all other Meliosma rust fungi, and, therefore, it is recognized as a new species, N. sriphumensis. A uredinial-telial fungus on Ampelocissus araneosa (Vitaceae) in Thailand was morphologically similar to Phakopsora cronartiiformis on Parthencissus semicordata (Vitaceae) in the Himalayas. However, the former fungus was distinct from the latter in producing characteristic urediniospores with labyrinthiform surface structure and cone-shaped projections. It is, therefore, recognized as a new species, N. doipuiensis.
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Acknowledgments
This study was carried out under the permission from the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) for the international project entitled “Taxonomy and life cycle of rust fungi with special reference to grapevine and fern leaf rusts” (Project ID: 2018/043). We thank the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand, for permitting to survey plant rusts and to sample rusted plants at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park. The Forest Herbarium (the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation) provided us with the opportunity to examine Meliosma specimens for search of possible rust infection. Small portion of rust-infected shoot was detached from Meliosma simplicifolia specimens for microscopic observations under their permission. The holotype and additional two specimens of Aecidium wareoense were loaned from the Arthur Fungarium, Purdue University, U. S. A. (PUR), for which we are grateful. Field survey and sample collection in Vietnam was supported by the Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City (CTML & IO).
Funding
This study was supported, in part, by a Grant-in-Aid (G-2018-1-019) from the Institute of Fermentation, Osaka (IFO) and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research Nos.18570081 and 25450056 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences (YO).
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Ono, Y., Okane, I., Chatasiri, S. et al. Taxonomy of Southeast Asian-Australasian grapevine leaf rust fungus and its close relatives. Mycol Progress 19, 905–919 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01607-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01607-2