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Improved organogenesis and micro-structural traits in micropropagated plantlets of Caralluma umbellata Haw. in response to Meta-Topolin

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Abstract

Caralluma umbellata Haw. is a rare and endemic xerophyte with astonishing therapeutic properties. It is used as an appetite suppressant and in weight loss management program. The natural population of this plant is decreasing due to overharvesting from the forests as an ethnomedicine. Therefore, an effective in vitro propagation system was developed using 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino) purine (Meta-Topolin; mT) for rapid clonal production of C. umbellata planting material. The highest shoot induction frequency (93.0%) and multiple shoot regeneration (6.0 shoots/nodal explants) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium fortified with 2.0 mg L−1 of mT in 4 weeks. The synergistic impact of 1.0 mg L−1 mT and 0.25 mg L−1 NAA (α-Naphthalene acetic acid) was evident in shoot proliferation (43.6 shoots per nodal explant with 6.2 cm length after 3rd subculture) as compared to 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and NAA combinations. The structural traits concerning optimized plant growth regulators (PGRs) were enumerated from the in vitro raised shootlets. Microscopic results revealed that mT and NAA combination promoted the structural developments in shoot systems with well-developed cuticle, epidermis, and the presence of a large area of ground and vascular tissues. Whereas, the shoots developed on BAP and NAA had poorly developed tissue systems with thin cuticle, underdeveloped epidermis, reduced cortex, xylem, and phloem tissues. The shoots derived from mT and NAA supplemented medium exhibited 100% rooting averaging with 4.0 roots per shoot and 2.7 cm in length on half-strength MS medium containing 1.0 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In contrast, BAP and NAA-derived shoots exhibited 75% rooting with 3 roots per shoot averaging 1.9 cm in length on 1.0 mg L−1 IBA. The plantlets were hardened and acclimatized well in greenhouse and shade-net. The plantlets derived from mT and NAA presented a significant increase in survival rate (94%) after transplantation in the field as compared to BAP and NAA-derived plantlets (81%). The presence of mT in the medium reduced structural abnormalities and mortality that may better serve the purpose of germplasm conservation, large-scale production, and the sustainable utilization of C. umbellata as a medicinal plant.

Key message

An improved shoot proliferation with well-developed tissue systems could be obtained in Caralluma umbellata by selecting 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino) purine as a growth regulator, which reduced in vitro induced abnormalities and improved the survival of plantlets.

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Funding

The work was financially supported by the Researchers Supporting Project (Number RSP-2023R86), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, 605 008, India

    K. Jayaprakash, M. Manokari, M. Cokulraj & Mahipal S. Shekhawat

  2. Department of Botany, Siddha Clinical Research Unit, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, 627 002, Tamil Nadu, India

    M. Manokari

  3. Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, College Street, Kolkata, 700 073, India

    Abhijit Dey

  4. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Faisal & Abdulrahman A. Alatar

  5. Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, 31088, USA

    Nirmal Joshee

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Contributions

KJ, MM, MSS, AAA, and AD: Conceptualization, investigation, methodology. MCR and MF: Data compilation and hardening of the plants. MSS, MM, MF, NJ, and AAA: Writing of original draft, statistics, and revision of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mahipal S. Shekhawat.

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Communicated by Ewa Grzebelus.

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Jayaprakash, K., Manokari, M., Cokulraj, M. et al. Improved organogenesis and micro-structural traits in micropropagated plantlets of Caralluma umbellata Haw. in response to Meta-Topolin. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 153, 105–118 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02447-0

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