Abstract
Tropical highland blackberries (Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl. cv. Vino) fruits have shown high antioxidant content, including some of the highest known dietary concentrations of ellagitannins, and greater polyphenol accumulation in leaves and stems relative to the fruits. This study aimed to generate a methodology to obtain and quantify antioxidant phenolic compounds from leaf-derived blackberry calli and cellular suspensions. Friable calli and disaggregate cell suspensions were successfully obtained from leaf segments. The effects of three different flask-capping assemblies and six different culture media on blackberry cell culture kinetics was evaluated, as well as total polyphenol concentration, antioxidant capacity, and vanillin and ellagic acid content. The highest yields in terms of biomass (cell viability and fresh weight) were obtained when using homemade cotton plugs for closing the cell suspension flasks, while the Gamborg culture medium supplemented with 20 mg/L of L-glutamine, 200 mg/L of hydrolyzed casein, 5 mg/L of BA and 1 mg/L of IBA promoted a greater accumulation of total polyphenols, a greater antioxidant capacity and presented the highest concentration of vanillin and ellagic acid equivalents. These results correspond to the first bioactive compound quantification and optimization of the tropical highland blackberry cells culture growth conditions, and even though they results are lower than those reported by previous research studies using the fruit or their juice, they are comparable to the ones obtained from cell cultures of other berries.
Key message
This study allowed the establishment of blackberry calli and cell cultures with relatively high phenolic content and antioxidant activity.
Data Availability
The data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- BA:
-
6-benzyladenine
- DPPH 2:
-
2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl
- DW :
-
Dry weight
- DWC:
-
Dry weight cells
- FW:
-
Fresh weight
- GAE:
-
Gallic acid equivalents
- GLM:
-
General lineal model
- IBA:
-
Indole-3-butyric acid
- KN :
-
Kinetin
- MS :
-
Murashige and Skoog basal medium
- NAA:
-
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- r2 :
-
Coefficient of determination
- ROS :
-
Reactive oxygen species
- rpm :
-
Revolutions per minute
- TE :
-
Trolox equivalents
- Trolox:
-
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
- UHPLC-DAD:
-
Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatographic-Diode Array Detection
References
Acosta-Montoya O, Vaillant F, Cozzano S et al (2010) Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of tropical Highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl.) During three edible maturity stages. Food Chem 119:1497–1501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.032
Araya M, Carvajal Y, Alvarez V et al (2017) Polyphenol characterization of three varieties of Blackberry fruits (Rubus adenotrichos), cultivated in Costa Rica. J Berry Res 7:97–107. https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-170150
Azofeifa G, Quesada S, Boudard F et al (2013) Antioxidant and anti-inflamatory in vitro activities of phenolic compounds from Tropical Highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos). J Agric Food Chem 61:5798–5804. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf400781m
Azofeifa G, Quesada S, Navarro L et al (2016) Hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effects of blackberry beverage consumption in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 26:330–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.007
Bhojwani SS, Dantu PK (2013) Tissue and cell culture. In: Bhojwani SS, Dantu PK (eds) Plant tissue culture: an introductory text. Springer, India, pp 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1026-9_4
Calvo-Castro L, Syed DN, Chamcheu JC et al (2013) Protective effect of Tropical Highland Blackberry Juice (Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl.) Against UVB-mediated damage in human epidermal keratinocytes and in reconstituted skin equivalent model. Photochem Photobiol 89:1199–1207. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12104
Capataz-Tafur J, Hernandez-Sanchez AM, Rodriguez-Monroy M et al (2010) Sucrose induces arabinogalactan protein secretion by Beta vulgaris L. Cell Suspension Cultures Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 32(4):757–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0460-7
Carvajal C (2019) Especies reactivas de oxígeno: formación, función y estrés oxidativo. Medicina legal de Costa Rica 36(1):91–100. http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1409-00152019000100091&lng=en&nrm=iso. Accessed 28 November 2022
Deepthi S, Satheeshkumar K (2017) Cell line selection combined with jasmonic acid elicitation enhance camptothecin production in cell suspension cultures of Ophiorrhiza mungos L. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101(2):545–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7808-x
Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojima K (1968) Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp Cell Res 50:151–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(68)90403-5
Gancel AL, Feneuil A, Acosta O et al (2011) Impact of industrial processing and storage on major polyphenols and the antioxidant capacity of tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichus). Food Res Int 44:2243–2251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.06.013
González E, Vaillant F, Pérez A et al (2012) In vitro cell-mediated antioxidant protection of human erythrocytes by some common tropical fruits. J Nutr Food Sci 2(3):1–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000139
Islam MM, Shekhar H (2015) Impact of oxidative stress in human health. In: Rani V, Yadav UCS (eds) Free radicals in Human Health and Disease. Springer, India, pp 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2035-0_5
Karwasara V, Dixit V (2013) Culture medium optimization for camptothecin production in cell suspension cultures of Nothapodytes nimmoniana (J. Grah.) Mabberley. Plant Biotechnol Rep 7(3):357–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-012-0270-z
Khanpour-Ardestani N, Sharifi M, Behmanesh M (2015) Establishment of callus and cell suspension culture of Scrophularioa striata Boiss.: an in vitro approach for acteoside production. Cytotechnology 67(3):475–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-014-9705-4
Krauze-Baranowska M, Głód D, Kula M et al (2014) Chemical composition and biological activity of Rubus idaeus shoots – a traditional herbal remedy of Eastern Europe. BMC Complement Altern Med 14:480. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-480
Kumar A (2015) Improving secondary Metabolite production in tissue cultures. In: Bahadur B et al (eds) Plant Biology and Biotechnology: Volumen II: Plant Genomics and Biotechnology. Springer, India, pp 397–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2283-5_20
Madrigal-Gamboa V, Jiménez-Arias J, Hidalgo O et al (2021) Membrane processing of blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos) on cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activities against cancer cell lines. J Food Process Preserv 12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.15575
Makkar HP (2003) Measurement of total phenolics and tannins using Folin-Ciocalteu Metodh. In: Makkar HP (ed) Quantification of Tannins in Tree and Shrub Foliage. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 49–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0273-7_3
Mandelker L (2011) Oxidative stress, free radicals, and cellular damage. In: Mandelker L, Vajdovich P (eds) Studies on Veterinary Medicine. Springer, United States, pp 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-071-3_1
Mehla N, Sindhi V, Josula D et al (2017) An introduction to Antioxidants and their roles in plant stress tolerance. In: Khan M, Iqbal R, Khan N (eds) Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant. Systems in plants: role and regulation under abiotic stress. Springer, Malaysia, pp 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5254-5_1
Mertz C, Cheynier V, Gunata Z et al (2007) Analysis of phenolic compounds in two blackberry species (Rubus glaucus and Rubus adenotrichus) by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. J Agricultural Food Chem 55(21):8616–8624. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071475d
Mertz C, Gancel AL, Gunata Z et al (2009) Phenolic compounds, carotenoids and antioxidant activity of three tropical fruits. J Food Compos Anal 22:381–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2008.06.008
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
Nikakhtari H, Hill GA (2006) Closure effects on oxygen transfer and aerobic growth in shake flasks. Biotechnol Bioeng 95(1):15–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20930
Orozco-Sánchez F, Sepúlveda-Jiménez G, Trejo-Tapia G et al (2011) Oxygen limitations to grow Azadirachta indica cell culture in shake flasks. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 10(3):343–352. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1665-27382011000300001&lng=es&nrm=iso. Accessed 28 November 2022
Peñarrieta JM, Alvarado JA, Ǻkesson B, Bergenståhl B (2007) Separation of phenolic compounds from foods by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Revista Boliviana de Química 24(1):1–4. http://www.scielo.org.bo/pdf/rbq/v24n1/v24n1a01.pdf. Accessed 28 November 2022
Pilar-Rojas J, Martínez JR, Stashenko EE (2014) Contenido de compuestos fenólicos y capacidad antioxidante de extractos de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) obtenidos bajo diferentes condiciones. Revista VITAE 21(3):218–227. https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/vitae/article/view/18852/17941. Accessed 28 November 2022
Rani D, Vimolmangkang S (2022) Trends in the biotechnology production of isoflavonoids in plant cell suspension cultures. Phytochem Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-022-09811-6
Reyes-Díaz JI, Arzate-Fernández AM, Piña-Escutia JL (2018) Sucrose and organic nitrogen sources have an influence in Agave angustifolia somatic embryogenesis. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 9(7):1508–1513. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v9i7.1676
Sahraroo A, Mirjalili MH, Corchete P et al (2016) Establishment and characterization of a Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad (Lamiaceae) cell suspension culture: a new in vitro source of rosmarinic acid. Cytotechnology 68:1415–1424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-015-9901-x
Schmidt-Durán A, Alvarado-Ulloa C, Chacón-Cerdas R et al (2016) Callogenesis and cell suspension establishment of tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl.) And its microscopic analysis. Springer Plus 5:1717–1725. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-3381-0
Schulz R, Di Lisa F (2016) Oxidative stress and nitrosative stress. In: Schlüter KD (ed) Cardiomyocytes-active players in Cardiac Disease. Springer, Switzerland, pp 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31251-4_10
Sivanandhan G, Arun M, Mayavan S et al (2012) Optimization of elicitation conditions with methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid to improve the productivity of withanolides in the adventitious root culture of Withania somnífera (L.) Dunal. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 168(3):681–696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9809-2
Smetanska I (2008) Production of secondary metabolites using plant cell cultures. Adv Biochem Engin Biotechnol 111:181–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2008_103
Sudhahar V, Fukai T (2014) Antioxidant supplementation and therapies. In: Tsukahara H, Kaneko K (eds) Studies on Pediatric Disorders. Oxidative stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Springer, United States, pp 183–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0679-6_11
Vijayalaxmi S, Jayalaksmi SK, Sreeramulu K (2014) Polyphenols from different agricultural residues: extraction, identification and their antioxidant properties. J Food Sci Technol 52(5):2761–2769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1295-9
Funding
This work was funded by Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (Project 1510121).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. The preparation of material, assay execution and the data analysis were performed by Alexander Schmidt-Durán. Carlos Alvarado-Ulloa maintained the calli and the cellular suspensions, Laura A. Calvo-Castro performed the UHPLC-DAD analysis. Oscar Acosta-Montoya and Mario Rodríguez-Monroy provided counseling throughout the research. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Alexander Schmidt-Durán and Laura A. Calvo-Castro, and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Communicated by Konstantin V. Kiselev.
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schmidt-Durán, A., Calvo-Castro, L.A., Alvarado-Ulloa, C. et al. Cell suspension cultures for the production of antioxidant phenolic compounds: experiments with tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl. cv. Vino). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 152, 669–676 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02428-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02428-9