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In vitro compatibility of Pimpinella anisum and Origanum vulgare essential oils with nematophagous fungi and their effects against Nacobbus aberrans

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Abstract

The soil nematode Nacobbus aberrans (Thorne & Allen) is one of the recurrent biotic adversities in crops growing under cover, and its presence in the horticultural area of Río Cuarto, Argentina, is reported from the 1980s to the present day. The use of botanical extracts in combination with biological control agents could be a promising method for the control of this nematode. Nematicidal effects of Pimpinella anisum (anise) and Origanum vulgare (oregano) essential oils (EOs) against second-stage juveniles (J2) of N. aberrans were evaluated in vitro. Fisher LSD tests evidenced significant nematicidal (α = 0.05) effects of the two EOs tested, with LD100 of 200 and 600 µL L−1 for anise and oregano, respectively. Compatibility assays between EOs and five nematophagous fungi were microscopically and macroscopically performed on soil extract solid medium (SESM) conditioned at different water activities (0.99 and 0.98 aw) and incubated at 30, 25 and 20 °C. Purpureocillium lilacinum SR14 was the fungal strain that showed compatibility at levels of spore germination, viability of propagules and growth rate under the different anise oil doses, temperatures and aw assayed. In conclusion, the integrated application of anise EO with the nematophagous fungus, which combines two action mechanisms, could generate, on the one hand, a rapid larval mortality effect caused by the EO and, on the other hand, a parasitic effect that has the advantage of remaining in time under variable environmental conditions.

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Abbreviations

EOs:

Essential oils

J1s:

Egg stage of Nacobbus aberrans

J2s:

Second-stage juveniles of Nacobbus aberrans

SESM:

Soil extract solid medium

PDA:

Potato dextrose agar

MB:

Methyl bromide

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DPPH:

2,2 Diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl

GA:

Gallic acid

CFU:

Colony-forming unit

LD(50–75–100) :

Lethal doses

a w :

Water activity

C :

Concentration

t :

Time

T :

Temperature

NF:

Nematophagous fungi

Purpureocillium lilacinum :

SR7, SR14, SR38

Metarhizium robertsii :

SR51

Plectosphaerella plurivora :

SRA14

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCYT), FONCYT-PICT/2016 N° 1005, 2017–2020 and Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (SECYT- UNRC), PPI-2019 Res. 161, 2020–2022. The authors are grateful for the technical assistance of Dra. Marcela Palacio, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, UNC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CONICET – Environmental Microbial Ecology Laboratory (ECOMA), National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nac. 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina

    Ana Laura Sosa, Natalia Soledad Girardi, Miriam Graciela Etcheverry & María Alejandra Passone

  2. CNR - Istituto Per La Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Sede Di Bari, via G. Amendola, 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy

    Laura Cristina Rosso

  3. Horticultural Chair, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nac. 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina

    Fabricio Salusso

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  1. Ana Laura Sosa
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  2. Natalia Soledad Girardi
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  3. Laura Cristina Rosso
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  4. Fabricio Salusso
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  5. Miriam Graciela Etcheverry
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  6. María Alejandra Passone
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Contributions

All authors conceived and designed the research; AS, NG, FS and LR conducted experiments. AS and NG analyzed the data; all authors discussed the results; AP, AS, and NG wrote the article; all authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to María Alejandra Passone.

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Sosa, A.L., Girardi, N.S., Rosso, L.C. et al. In vitro compatibility of Pimpinella anisum and Origanum vulgare essential oils with nematophagous fungi and their effects against Nacobbus aberrans. J Pest Sci 93, 1381–1395 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-01252-4

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