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Revised molecular phylogeny, global biogeography, and diversification of palms subfamily Coryphoideae (Arecaceae) based on low copy nuclear and plastid regions

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Abstract

Coryphoideae are palmate-leaved palms from the family Arecaceae consisting of 46 genera representing 421 species. Although several phylogenetic analyses based on different genomic regions have been carried out on Coryphoideae, a fully resolved molecular phylogenetic tree has not been reported yet. To achieve this, we applied two phylogenetic reconstruction methods: Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference, using amplified sampling by retrieving chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences from NCBI and adding newly produced sequences from Indian accession into the dataset. The same dataset (chloroplast + nuclear DNA sequences) was used to estimate divergence times and the evolutionary history of Coryphoideae with a Bayesian uncorrelated, lognormal relaxed-clock approach and a Statistical Divergence-Vicariance Analysis method, respectively. The phylogenetic analyses based on a combined chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence dataset showed well-resolved relationships within the subfamily. Both phylogenetic trees divide Coryphoideae into two main groups: CSPT (Crysophileae, Sabaleae, Phoeniceae, and Trachycarpeae) and the Syncarpous group. These main groups are segregated into eight tribes (Trachycarpeae, Phoeniceae, Sabaleae, Crysophileae, Borasseae, Corypheae, Caryoteae, and Chuniophoeniceae) and four subtribes (Rhapidine, Livistoninae, Hyphaeninae, and Lataniinae) with strong support-values. Most previously unresolved and doubtful relationships within tribes Trachycarpeae and Crysophilieae are now resolved and well-supported. The reconstructed phylogenetic trees support all previous systematic revisions of the subfamily. All Indian sampled species of Arenga, Bentinckia, Hyphaene, and Trachycarpus show close relation with their respective congeneric species. Molecular dating results and integration of biogeography suggest that Coryphoideae originated in Laurasia at ~95.12 Ma and then diverged into the tropical and subtropical regions of the whole world. This study offers the correct combination of nuclear and plastid regions to test the current and future systematic revisions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Head of the Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur and the Principal of Balwant College, Vita for providing the necessary facilities. Shrirang R. Yadav is thankful to Indian National Science Academy (INSA) for financial assistance.

Funding

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2016R1A6A1A05011910).

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  1. Suhas K. Kadam and Asif S. Tamboli contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

    Suhas K. Kadam, Asif S. Tamboli & Jae Hong Pak

  2. Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashta, India

    Rohit N. Mane & Shrirang R. Yadav

  3. Department of Botany, Rayat Shikshan Sansthas, Balwant College, Vita, 415311, Sangli, India

    Rohit N. Mane

  4. Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

    Yeon-Sik Choo

  5. Department of Botany, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36, Federal Highway Mexico-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, 56264, Mexico

    Mireya Burgos-Hernández

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Kadam, S.K., Tamboli, A.S., Mane, R.N. et al. Revised molecular phylogeny, global biogeography, and diversification of palms subfamily Coryphoideae (Arecaceae) based on low copy nuclear and plastid regions. J Plant Res 136, 159–177 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-022-01425-5

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