Abstract
Previous molecular phylogenetic investigations of Apiaceae tribe Pimpinelleae have focused primarily on its largest genus Pimpinella and its closest allies. The monophyly and phylogenetic placements of five Iranian genera of the tribe have not been addressed sufficiently (Aphanopleura, Demavendia, Haussknechtia, Psammogeton, and Zeravschania). To examine relationships, a nrDNA ITS matrix including 169 accessions representing 49 genera of Apiaceae (including 10 Iranian taxa not analyzed previously) and a cpDNA rps16 matrix containing 37 accessions representing 24 genera of the family, representing the greatest sampling to date of the aforementioned genera, were subjected to phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony methods. The trees obtained showed a close affinity among the examined species of Aphanopleura, Psammogeton and several species of Trachyspermum. Neither Aphanopleura nor Psammogeton resolved as monophyletic, and A. leptoclada allied with Pimpinella. The genera Demavendia, Haussknechtia and Zeravschania also comprised a well-supported clade, with Demavendia and Haussknechtia (in the ITS trees) arising from within a paraphyletic Zeravschania. To recognize monophyletic genera, one new combination is proposed in Pimpinella and six new combinations are proposed in Psammogeton. A broader circumscription of Zeravschania to include Demavendia and Haussknechtia may also be warranted, but must await further study.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ajani Y, Mozaffarian V (2019) Trachyspermum reginei sp. nov. (Apiaceae) from southwest Iran. Nordic J Bot 2019:e02238. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02238
Ajani Y, Ajani A, Cordes JM, Watson MF, Downie SR (2008) Phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences reveals relationships within five groups of Iranian Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae. Taxon 57:383–401. https://doi.org/10.2307/25066011
Boissier E (1872) Umbelliferae. In: Boissier E (ed) Flora Orientalis, vol 2. H Georg, Geneva & Basileae, pp 819–1090
Downie SR, Katz-Downie DS, Spalik K (2000a) A phylogeny of Apiaceae tribe Scandicinae: evidence from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. Amer J Bot 87:76–95. https://doi.org/10.2307/2656687
Downie SR, Watson MF, Spalik K, Katz-Downie DS (2000b) Molecular systematics of Old World Apioideae (Apiaceae): relationships among some members of tribe Peucedaneae sensu lato, the placement of several island-endemic species, and resolution within the apioid superclade. Canad J Bot 78:506–528. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-78-4-506
Downie SR, Katz-Downie DS, Watson MF (2000c) A phylogeny of the flowering plant family Apiaceae based on chloroplast DNA rpl16 and rpoC1 intron sequences: towards a suprageneric classification of subfamily Apioideae. Amer J Bot 87:273–292. https://doi.org/10.2307/2656915
Downie SR, Plunkett GM, Watson MF, Spalik K, Katz-Downie DS, Valiejo-Roman CM, Terentieva EI, Troitsky AV, Lee B-Y, Lahham J, El-Oqlah A (2001) Tribes and clades within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae: the contribution of molecular data. Edinburgh J Bot 58:301–330. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428601000658
Downie SR, Spalik K, Katz-Downie DS, Reduron JP (2010) Major clades within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences. Pl Diversity Evol 128:111–136. https://doi.org/10.1127/1869-6155/2010/0128-0005
Fereidounfar S, Ghahremaninejad F, Khajehpiri M (2016) Phylogeny of the Southwest Asian Pimpinella and related genera based on nuclear and plastid sequences. Genet Molec Res 15:gmr15048767. https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr15048767
Fernández Prieto JA, Sanna M, Sánchez ÁB, Molero-Mesa J, García LL, Cires E (2018) Polyphyletic origin in Pimpinella (Apiaceae): evidence in Western Europe. J Pl Res 131:747–758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-018-1046-5
Hedge IC, Lamond JM, Rechinger KH (1987) Umbelliferae. In: Rechinger KH (ed) Flora Iranica, vol. 162. Akademische Druck und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp 1–555
Katoh K, Standley DM (2013) MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability. Molec Bio Evol 30:772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Khajepiri M, Ghahremaninejad F, Mozaffarian V (2010) Fruit anatomy of the genus Pimpinella L. (Apiaceae) in Iran. Flora 205:344–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2009.12.030
Kool A, Perrigo A, Thulin M (2012) Bristly versus juicy: Phylogenetic position and taxonomy of Sphaerocoma (Caryophyllaceae). Taxon 61:67–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.611005
Korovin EP (1948) Species novae Umbelliferarum Florae Uzbekistanicae. Bot Mater Gerb Inst Bot Zool Akad Nauk Uzbeksk SSR 12:28
Link HF (1821) Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Regii Berolinensis Altera. Parts 1. G. Reimer, Berolini
Maddison WP, Maddison DR (2011) Mesquite: A modular system for evolutionary analysis version 2.75. Available at: http://mesquiteproject.org
Magee AR, van Wyk B-E, Tilney PM, Downie SR (2010) Phylogenetic position of African and Malagasy Pimpinella species and related genera (Apiaceae, Pimpinelleae). Pl Syst Evol 288:201–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0325-y
Menglan S, Fading P, Zehui P, Watson MF, Cannon JFM, Holmes-Smith I, Kljuykov EV, Phillippe LR, Pimenov MG (2005) Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). In: Flora of China Editorial Committee (eds) Flora of China, vol. 14. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden, Beijing & St Louis, pp 1–205
Miller MA, Pfeiffer W, Schwartz T (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. pp: 45–52 in: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE) New Orleans Louisiana 14 Nov 2010 Piscataway: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Mousavi S, Mozaffarian V, Mummenhoff K, Downie SR, Zarre S (2021) An updated lineage-based tribal classification of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae with special focus on Iranian genera. Syst Biodivers 19:89–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2020.1834002
Mozaffarian V (2007) Flora of Iran, vol. 54. Umbelliferae. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran
Oxelman B, Lidén M, Berglund D (1997) Chloroplast rps16 intron phylogeny of the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae). Pl Syst Evol 206:393–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987959
Petri A, Oxelman B (2011) Phylogenetic relationships within Silene (Caryophyllaceae) section Physolychnis. Taxon 60:953–968. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.604002
Pimenov MG (2017) Updated checklist of Chinese Umbelliferae: nomenclature synonymy typification distribution. Turczaninowia 20:106–239. https://doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.20.2.9
Pimenov MG, Leonov MV (1993) The genera of the Umbelliferae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Pimenov MG, Leonov MV (2004) The Asian Umbelliferae Biodiversity Database (ASIUM) with particular references to southwest Asian taxa. Turkish J Bot 28:139–145
Pimenov MG, Kljuykov EV, Ostroumova TA (2007) Critical taxonomic analysis of Dichoropetalum, Johrenia, Zeravschania related genera of Umbelliferae-Apioideae-Peucedaneae. Willdenowia 37:465–502. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.37.37208
Posada D (2008) jModelTest: Phylogenetic model averaging. Molec Biol Evol 25:1253–1256. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083
Pu FD, Watson MF (2005) Pimpinella. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY (eds) Flora of China, vol 14. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St Louis, pp 93–104
Rambaut A, Drummond AJ, Xie D, Baele G, Suchard MA (2018) Posterior summarization in bayesian phylogenetics using tracer 1.7. Syst Biol 67:901–904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MrBayes: Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference under Mixed Models. Bioinformatics 19:1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Spalik K, Downie SR (2007) Intercontinental disjunctions in Cryptotaenia (Apiaceae Oenantheae): an appraisal using molecular data. J Biogeogr 34:2039–2054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01752.x
Spalik K, Wojewódzka A, Downie SR (2001) The evolution of fruit in Scandiceae subtribe Scandicinae (Apiaceae). Canad J Bot 79:1358–1374
Swofford DL (2003) PAUP: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony version 40b10 for 32-bit Microsoft Windows Sunderland. Sinauer, Massachusetts
Tabanca N, Douglas AW, Bedir E, Dayan FE, Kirimer N, Can Baser KH, Aytac Z, Khan IA, Scheffler BE (2005) Patterns of essential oil relationships in Pimpinella (Umbelliferae) based on phylogenetic relationships using nuclear and chloroplast sequences. Pl Genet Resources 3:149–169. https://doi.org/10.1079/PGR200573
Valiejo-Roman CM, Terentieva EI, Samigullin TH, Pimenov MG, Ghahremani-Nejad F, Mozaffarian V (2006) Molecular data (nrITS-sequencing) reveal relationships among Iranian endemic taxa of the Umbelliferae. Feddes Repert 177:367–388. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.200611106
Wang Z-X, Downie SR, Tan J-B, Liao C-Y, Yan Y, He X-J (2014) Molecular phylogenetics of Pimpinella and allied genera (Apiaceae), with emphasis on Chinese native species, inferred from nrDNA ITS and cpDNA intron sequence data. Nordic J Bot 32:642–657. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00343.x
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-850042-1
Wolff H (1921) Spiroceratium bicknellii nov. gen. Umbelliferarum balearicum. Repert Spec Nov Regni Veg 17:45
Zakharova EA, Degtjareva GV, Pimenov MG (2012) Redefined generic limits of Carum (Umbelliferae, Apioideae) and new systematic placement of some of its taxa. Willdenowia 42:149–168. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi4242201
Zhou J, Peng H, Downie SR, Liu Z-W, Gong X (2008) A molecular phylogeny of Chinese Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. Taxon 57:402–416. https://doi.org/10.2307/25066012
Acknowledgements
S.S.M. is grateful to the University of Tehran and the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands in Tehran for supporting her work. We are grateful to the directors and curators of the herbaria TARI and TUH for their generous assistance in providing plant materials and photographs for this study. S.Z. also appreciates the financial support provided by Alexander Humboldt Stiftung (Germany) and the University of Tehran. Lastly, we thank three anonymous reviewers and Deborah S. Katz-Downie for their valuable constructive comments on early drafts of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Handling editor: Christoph Oberprieler.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Appendices
Appendix
Accessions of Pimpinelleae and other taxa of Apiaceae subfamilies Apioideae and Saniculoideae included in the study. Previously published nrDNA ITS and rps16 sequences are represented herein by GenBank accession numbers only. The first GenBank number following a species name refers to ITS and the second for rps16, except for those instances where there are three numbers and these refer to separate ITS1, ITS2, and rps16 sequences. A single GenBank number often refers to ITS but in a few instances it refers to rps16. The number “1” or “2” added to the species name coincides with their placement in Figs. 2 and 3. For those species with newly generated ITS and rps16 sequences, voucher information including species name, geographical origin, collector(s), vouchers (herbarium: TARI, Tehran Ariamehr Research Institute) is provided. Species names in brackets follow the taxonomic treatment proposed in the present study.
Aciphylla glacialis, KF160671; Aegopodium tribracteolatum, AY581783; Aethusa cynapium, AF110539; Aletes macdougalii, KF619604; Ammi trifoliatum, KJ473904; Ammodaucus leucotrichus, KT347642, KT347831; Annesorhiza macrocarpa, DQ368835; Anthriscus sylvestris, KT347715, KT347879; Aphanopleura capillifolia [Psammogeton capillifolium], DQ516368; Aphanopleura breviseta [Psammogeton brevisetum], Iran, Prov. Azarbaijan, ca 2 km from Tabriz to Bababaghi,1400 m a. s. l., Mozaffarian 71,290 (TARI), MZ687311, MZ706974; Aphanopleura leptoclada [Pimpinella leptoclada], Iran, Prov. Yazd, Mehriz to Tezerjan, Sand dunes around the roads, 1500 m a. s. l., Mozaffarian 77,439 (TARI), MZ687308, MZ706975; Aphanopleura trachysperma1, AF008629; Aphanopleura trachysperma2, Iran, Prov. West Azarbaijan, Maku, Shut, SE of Sufi village, 1070 m a. s. l., Mozaffarian 94,396 (TARI), MZ687310, MZ706976; Apium graveolens, AH003471; Arafoe aromatica1, AF077874; Arafoe aromatica2, U78383, U78443; Astrodaucus orientalis, MG098986, AF123748; Bunium allioides, JX312805; Bunium setaceum, EF544477; Bupleurum microcephalum, GU269882; Carum carvi, KF454471, FJ385182; Chamaesium paradoxum, EU236161; Choritaenia capensis, DQ368842; Conium maculatum, AF110546; Coriandrum sativum, HQ377205; Cryptotaenia africana1, DQ516371; Cryptotaenia africana2, DQ516370; Cymbocarpum wiedemannii, GU291352; Demavendia pastinacifolia, AY911857, AY911863; Demavendia pastinacifolia, Iran, Prov. Tehran, W Tehran, Suleghun valley, 1500–2000 m a. s. l., Assadi & Mozaffarian 32,621 (TARI), MZ687312, MZ706977; Ducrosia flabellifolia, DQ427051; Echinophora chrysantha, AF077883; Erigenia bulbosa, MG218514; Eryngium proteiflorum, EU070531; Ferula grigoriewii, KJ660784, KJ698392; Frommia ceratophylloides, DQ647630; Galagania neglecta, HM229391; Haussknechtia elymaitica1, EU169273; Haussknechtia elymaitica2, AY911859, AY911865; Heteromorpha involucrata, DQ368853; Komarovia anisosperma, AF077897; Lecokia cretica, EU169294; Lichtensteinia trifida, EU434683; Muretia lutea, DQ516359; Nothosmyrnium japonicum1, DQ516367, FJ385211; Nothosmyrnium japonicum2, EU236179; Oedibasis tamerlanii, HM229403; Opopanax armeniacus, Iran, Prov. East Azarbayejan: Mianeh, Bozgoush Mount. Neshagh village, 1880 m a. s. l., 2007, Mozaffarian 93,480 (TARI), MZ687309; Orlaya kochii, AH003483, AF123733; Ormopterum turcomanicum, GQ379313; Petroselinum crispum, GQ148800, AF110544; Phellolophium madagascariense1, DQ647627, KJ173509; Phellolophium madagascariense2, KJ173483, KJ173508; Physospermopsis cuneata, FJ385055, FJ385221; Physospermopsis shaniana, EU236192, FJ385225; Pimpinella acuminata, EU236193, FJ385226; Pimpinella affinis, AY581780; Pimpinella alismatifolia, FM986448; Pimpinella anisum1, KR150177, KJ173510; Pimpinella anisum2, KR150177; Pimpinella armena, KX982510; Pimpinella arguta, JF831512; Pimpinella aromatica, AY581784; Pimpinella aurea, AY581785; Pimpinella austriaca, KX982512; Pimpinella betsileensis1, DQ647626, KJ173511; Pimpinella betsileensis2, KJ173488; Pimpinella brachycarpa, AY548230; Pimpinella brachystyla, GQ379270; Pimpinella buchananii, FM986455; Pimpinella caffra, FM986447; Pimpinella candolleana1, MH117649, FJ385227; Pimpinella candolleana2, MH117649; Pimpinella cappadocica, AY581786; Pimpinella caudata, JF831514; Pimpinella chungdienensis, JF831515; Pimpinella confuse, KX982508; Pimpinella coriacea, JF831516; Pimpinella corymbosa, AY581787; Pimpinella cretica, AY581788; Pimpinella diversifolia1, JF831517; Pimpinella diversifolia2, KF806585; Pimpinella eriocarpa, AY581790; Pimpinella espanensis, MH377861; Pimpinella fargesii, JF831518; Pimpinella favifolia1, FM986458; Pimpinella favifolia2, FM986453; Pimpinella flabellifolia, AY581791; Pimpinella flaccida, JF831519; Pimpinella henryi, EU236195; Pimpinella heyneana, GQ379276; Pimpinella huillensis1, FM986454; Pimpinella huillensis2, FM986443; Pimpinella insignis, AY941280, AY941308; Pimpinella isaurica, AY581792; Pimpinella khayyamii, KX982523; Pimpinella kingdon-wardii, JF831520; Pimpinella kotschyana, DQ516373; Pimpinella krookii, FM986445; Pimpinella kyimbilaensis, FM986452; Pimpinella ledermannii, FM986457; Pimpinella lutea, DQ516374; Pimpinella major1, MH377862; Pimpinella major2, KX982513; Pimpinella nigra, KX982509; Pimpinella niitakayamensis, DQ516375; Pimpinella nudicaulis, AY581794; Pimpinella olivieri1, KX982506; Pimpinella olivieri2, KX922690; Pimpinella oliverioides, AY581795; Pimpinella oreophila, FM986450; Pimpinella peregrina1, AY581797; Pimpinella peregrina2, AY581797; Pimpinella peucedanifolia1, AY581798; Pimpinella peucedanifolia2, KX982524; Pimpinella procumbens, MH377863; Pimpinella puberula, AY581799; Pimpinella purpurea1, JF831521; Pimpinella purpurea2, EU236197; Pimpinella rhodantha1, KX982511; Pimpinella rhodantha2, KX982511; Pimpinella rhomboidea, JF831522; Pimpinella rigidistyla, FM986459; Pimpinella rockii1, JF831523; Pimpinella rockii2, FJ385057; Pimpinella rubescens, JF831524; Pimpinella saxifraga1, MH377864, DQ133876; Pimpinella saxifraga2, AY581801; Pimpinella serbica, KX982507; Pimpinella siifolia1, MH377868; Pimpinella siifolia2, MH377867; Pimpinella sintenisii, AY581802; Pimpinella smithii1, GQ379272, FJ385230; Pimpinella smithii2, JF831526; Pimpinella thellungiana, JF831527; Pimpinella tibetanica, JF831528; Pimpinella tragium1, MH377869; Pimpinella tragium2, MH377869; Pimpinella transvaalensis, FM986449; Pimpinella trifurcata, FM986446; Pimpinella valleculosa, JF831529; Pimpinella villosa, MH377871; Pimpinella yunnanensis1, JF831530, FJ385231; Pimpinella yunnanensis2, JF831530; Pleurospermum rivulorum, HQ824798; Postiella capillifolia, DQ422829, DQ422848; Prangos eriantha, MT250532; Prangos ferulacea, KX982519; Prangos lophoptera, KU168369; Psammogeton biternatum, AF164839, AF164864; Psammogeton canescens, MG827069; Psammogeton lamondiae, MG827073; Psammogeton ranunculifolius, MG920277; Psammogeton sp., MG827076; Psammogeton stocksii, Iran, Prov. Baluhestan, Between Iranshahr and Bam, Bazman, 1200 m a. s. l., Assadi 23,009 (TARI), MZ687313, MZ706978; Pyramidoptera cabulica, AF008631; Sanicula epipactis, EU169013, EU168959; Selinum broteri, AY179029; Smyrnium olusatrum, MK050086; Trachydium simplicifolium, FJ385067; Trachyspermum ammi, Iran, Prov. Baluchistan: Iranshahr to Chahbahar, Pole Jaligur over the Sarbay river, 300 m a. s. l., Mozaffarian 74,383 (TARI), MZ687314, MZ706979; Trachyspermum anethifolium [Psammogeton anethifolium], MG827079; Trachyspermum copticum, Iran, Prov. Baluchistan: Khash to Iranshahr, Dashte Abkhan, 1400 m a. s. l., Mozaffarian 72,711 (TARI), MZ687315, MZ706980; Trachyspermum microcarpum [Psammogeton microcarpum], MG920276; Trachyspermum paktianum [Psammogeton paktianum], MG827078; Trachyspermum papillare [Psammogeton papillare], MG920275; Trachyspermum roxburghianum [Psammogeton involucratum], MG827080; Trachyspermum scaberulum1, JF831531, FJ385258; Trachyspermum scaberulum2, EU236215; Trachyspermum triradiatum, EU236216, FJ385259; Zeravschania aucheri, AY911860, AY911866; Zeravschania membranacea1, AY911862, AY911868; Zeravschania membranacea2, Iran, Prov. Khorassan: Mashhad, Karde. All village, 1460 m a. s. l., Mozaffarian 87,007 (TARI), MZ687317, MZ706982; Zeravschania pauciradiata, Iran, Prov. East Azarbaijan, Siahrud to Kakaleh, near to Kalaleh, 390 m a. s. l., Ajani 1584 (TARI), MZ687316, MZ706981; Zeravschania regeliana, AY911861, AY911867.
Information on Electronic Supplementary Material
Online Resource 1. The alignment of nrDNA ITS sequences which has been used to reconstruct the ITS trees obtained in this study.
Online Resource 2. The alignment of plastid rps16 intron sequences which has been used to reconstruct the rps16 trees obtained in this study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mousavi, S.S., Mozaffarian, V., Mummenhoff, K. et al. Systematics of the Iranian genera Aphanopleura, Demavendia, Haussknechtia, Psammogeton, and Zeravschania (Apiaceae tribe Pimpinelleae). Plant Syst Evol 308, 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-021-01792-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-021-01792-x