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Phylogenetic reconstruction of the South American genus Leucheria Lag. (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae) based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences

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Abstract

The genus Leucheria Lag. (Asteraceae Bercht. and J. Presl, tribe Nassauvieae Cass.) comprises 45 species and three infraspecific taxa distributed in the Andean region from southern Chile and Argentina to Peru. Six species are annual herbs. The genus has had a long taxonomic history involving the transference of species described originally under many different genera. The main objectives of this paper were to determine the phylogenetic relationships of species of Leucheria, examine the hypothesis that the ancestor of Leucheria would have originated in a forested habitat and examine the validity of nine morphologically defined evolutionary lines recognized in earlier work on the genus. Additionally we investigated whether the annual species of Leucheria are derived. We extracted DNA from leaf material for 45 taxa (94%) of Leucheria. We used Bayesian inference and plastid and nuclear genes to construct a phylogenetic hypothesis. Results show that Leucheria is monophyletic and is comprised of two main clades. One clade comprises perennial acaulescent/subacaulescent species, all with a solitary capitulum. We recognized three lineages in the second clade comprised of caulescent species that exhibit multiple capitula. Optimization of life-form over the phylogeny showed that five of the six annual species studied are derived in our tree. We conclude that the appearance of the annual habit is associated with the colonization of arid conditions in the winter rainfall coastal desert of northern Chile. Our result shows that species of Leucheria from forested habitats are derived. Discrepancies with previously recognized morphologically defined evolutionary lines were detected.

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Acknowledgements

We thank ULS, CONC, SGO, AGUCH, SI, LPB for their disposition to supply herbarium material for DNA extraction. Andrew Stanworth of Falklands Conservation, Marcela Nicola of the Institute of Botany Darwinion and Francisco Ratto of the Faculty of Agriculture University of Buenos Aires are especially thanked for sending herbarium material and locating specimens in the field. Work was funded by FONDECYT Initiation 11130299. Grants ICM-MINECON P05-002-IEB, PBF-23 to the Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity supplied materials and equipment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Paola Jara-Arancio, Paula M. Vidal & Mary T. K. Arroyo

  2. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile

    Paola Jara-Arancio

  3. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, University Station C0930, Austin, TX, USA

    Jose L. Panero

  4. Herbario CONC, Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Alicia Marticorena

  5. Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile

    Gina Arancio

  6. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Mary T. K. Arroyo

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  1. Paola Jara-Arancio
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Correspondence to Paola Jara-Arancio.

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Handling editor: Hanna Schneeweiss.

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Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Online Recourse 1. Evolutionary lines in Leucheria recognized by Crisci (1976).

Online Recourse 2. Bayesian Inference phylogenetic tree based on rDNA ITS.

Online Recourse 3. Bayesian Inference phylogenetic tree based on cpDNA trnL–trnF.

Online Recourse 4. Bayesian Inference phylogenetic tree based on cpDNA rpl32.

Online Recourse 5. Alignment used to produce phylogenie.

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Jara-Arancio, P., Vidal, P.M., Panero, J.L. et al. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the South American genus Leucheria Lag. (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae) based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences. Plant Syst Evol 303, 221–232 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1366-7

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