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Molecular phylogeny of Chrysanthemum, Ajania and its allies (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) as inferred from nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL-F IGS sequences

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Abstract

To better understand the evolutionary history, intergeneric relationships and circumscription of Chrysanthemum and Ajania and the taxonomic position of some small Asian genera (Anthemideae, Asteraceae), the sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrDNA ITS) and the chloroplast trnL-F intergenic spacer (cpDNA IGS) were newly obtained for 48 taxa and combined with those already deposited in GenBank. Phylogenies with an emphasis on Chrysanthemum, Ajania and its allies, by both maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis, were constructed using either the ITS sequence alone, the IGS sequence alone or combined sequences. The IGS sequence was low phylogenetically informative, but some deletions and insertions were informative for interspecific and intergeneric delimitations. The ITS and the ITS/IGS phylogenies both suggested the presence of two major clades. The monophyly of subtribe Artemisiinae (clade A) could be retrieved when the phylogenetic positions of some ambiguous taxa were renewedly considered. Subtribe Artemisiinae was chiefly divided into two groups, (1) one corresponding to Chrysanthemum, Arctanthemum, Ajania, Opisthopappus and Elachanthemum (the Chrysanthemum group), (2) another to Artemisia, Crossostephium, Neopallasia and Sphaeromeria (the Artemisia group). Within the Chrysanthemum group, Chrysanthemum Arctanthemum and Ajania were closely related to each other, and the generic circumscription was ambiguous; Phaeostigma was excluded from this group that was also confirmed by the 6-bp insertion in the IGS sequence; radiate or rare discoid Brachanthemum was excluded, and discoid Elachanthemum without ray florets was added to this group; at the same time, Opisthopappus in subtribe Tanacetinae should be transferred to subtribe Artemisiinae and became one of the components of the Chrysanthemum group. Based on the molecular phylogenetic framework, the evolution of pollen and capitulum characters was inferred.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Z.-Q. Yang, Y.-F. Wang, G.-B. Ren, J. Zhang, X.-Q. An and G.-L. Bai for their help in collecting plant materials and Dr. Hengbin Miao for his technology support in experiments. The authors also thank Dr. Kare Bremer for his presentation copy “The generic monograph of the Asteraceae-Anthemideae.” This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Key Technology R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (grant no. 2006BAD01A1806) and the Shanghai Key Science and Technology for Agriculture Promotion program (2006 no. 4-3).

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  1. College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    Hong-Bo Zhao, Fa-Di Chen, Su-Mei Chen, Guo-Sheng Wu & Wei-Ming Guo

  2. School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Forestry College, 311300, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China

    Hong-Bo Zhao

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  1. Hong-Bo Zhao
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Correspondence to Fa-Di Chen.

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Zhao, HB., Chen, FD., Chen, SM. et al. Molecular phylogeny of Chrysanthemum, Ajania and its allies (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) as inferred from nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL-F IGS sequences. Plant Syst Evol 284, 153–169 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0242-0

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