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Minimum temperature and evapotranspiration in Central Amazonian floodplains limit tree growth of Nectandra amazonum (Lauraceae)

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Tree growth of Nectandra amazonum (Lauraceae) in the Central Amazonian floodplains does not respond to the annual long-term flooding but responds to variation of minimum temperature and potential evapotranspiration.

Abstract

During the last two decades, the Central Amazon region has been impacted by increasingly frequent and more severe floods and droughts and increasing temperature. Little is known about the effects of these climate trends on tree growth in floodplain forests. In this study, we analysed Nectandra amazonum (Lauraceae), an evergreen and flood-adapted tree species, dominant not only in the nutrient-rich Amazonian floodplains (várzea), but also occurring in other environments within and outside the Amazon basin. For the period from 2001 to 2017, intra- and interannual climate–growth relationships of N. amazonum were analysed applying a combination of conventional dendrochronological (cross-dating) and densiometric techniques to construct a robust tree-ring chronology. Six wood parameters were derived from the chronology (ring width, width of earlywood and latewood and corresponding wood density values) and correlated with local climate and hydrologic data. The analysed 32 trees did not show correlation between wood parameters and variation of the hydrological regime. Climate–growth relationships indicated that potential evapotranspiration and minimum temperature play an important role in tree growth mainly during the period of transition between the dry and the wet seasons, and during the aquatic phase affecting physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration, respectively. We discuss these results in the background of changing hydroclimatic conditions induced by climate and land-use change in the Amazon basin. Based on our findings, we emphasize the need for more dendroclimatic studies in the tropics applying a multiproxy approach. This will deepen our understanding of tree growth responses, helping to elucidate the dynamic processes of tropical forests that grow under global change impacts.

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Acknowledgements

This contribution is part of the Master thesis of JQG at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA, PPG-ECO), which was supported by a fellowship from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM). This research was made possible by the German-Brazilian project ATTO (Amazon Tall Tower Observatory), supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF contracts 01LB1001A and 01LK1602) and the Brazilian Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI/FINEP contract 01.11.01248.00). We, furthermore, acknowledge the support by the Amazon State University (UEA), FAPEAM, LBA/INPA, and SDS/CEUC/RDS-Uatumã. We thank the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for support by the Long-term Ecological Research Program–PELD (MCTI/CNPq/FAPs; Grant number: 403792/2012-6) and the Technical/Scientific Cooperation between INPA and the Max-Planck Society for financial support. DROR acknowledges the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for research fellowship (Grant number 2018/22914-8). JS acknowledges support from CNPq (Grant number: 311874/2017-7). We thank the Wood Anatomy and Tree-Ring Laboratory (LAIM) (FAPESP; Grant umber 2009/53951-7) and PIRE-project (FAPESP; Grant number 2017/50085-3). We thank EMBRAPA (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) Amazônia Ocidental for providing climate data; Aparecido Cândido Siqueira for technical support at the laboratory of USP/ESALQ; Celso Rabelo Costa, Mario Luiz Picanço Marinho, Gildo Feitoza Vieira, Alberto Fialho (Cunha) for field work assistance and Anderson de Araújo Reis for creating the map of Catalão Lake location.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute for Amazon Research, Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group), Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus, Amazonas, 69067-375, Brazil

    Janaína Quixabeira Gonçalves, Flávia Machado Durgante, Florian Wittmann, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade & Jochen Schöngart

  2. National Institute for Amazon Research, Graduate Program in Ecology, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

    Janaína Quixabeira Gonçalves, Florian Wittmann, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade & Jochen Schöngart

  3. Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Department of Wetland Ecology, Josefstraße 1, 76437, Rastatt, Germany

    Flávia Machado Durgante & Florian Wittmann

  4. University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Forest Sciences, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil

    Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez & Mário Tomazello-Filho

  5. University of Hamburg, Department of Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany

    Pia Parolin

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Gonçalves, J.Q., Durgante, F.M., Wittmann, F. et al. Minimum temperature and evapotranspiration in Central Amazonian floodplains limit tree growth of Nectandra amazonum (Lauraceae). Trees 35, 1367–1384 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-021-02126-7

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