Fig 1.
Previous generic classification of Davalliaceae.
Species’ authorities and publication years are indicated in the X-axis. The Y-axis represents the total number of genera. The 13 colours represent the 13 genera reported.
Fig 2.
Spots of field investigation and specimen study.
Fig 3.
A, Davallia pulchra (Wallich259, K). B, D. pseudocystopteris (Colonel Dyas, K). C, D. pulchra (A. Henry13069, K). D, Araiostegia imbricata (Wang Q.W.78372, PE). E, A. yunnanensis (A. Henry10333, K). F, D. subsolida (Kudo & Susuki15996, PE). G, D. bullata (Wallich258, K). H, D. cyclindrica (Wang Q.W.74303, PE).
Fig 4.
Bayesian consensus tree for Davalliaceae species, generated from atpB, atpB-rbcL, rbcL, rbcL-accD, and accD sequences.
Bootstrap support percentages are shown above the corresponding branches, and posterior probabilities (PP) are given below the branches. Dashes indicate MP bootstrap values of less than 50%. BC, Binchuan of Yunnan; CY, Cangyuan of Yunnan; JD, Jingdong of Yunnan; LS, Lushui of Yunnan; SM, Simao of Yunnan; XC, Xichou of Yunnan; YJ, Yingjiang of Yunnan; NC, Nyingchi of Tibet.
Fig 5.
The eight types of leaf epidermis cuticular layer observed in Davalliaceae using scanning electron microscopy [29].
A, Araiostegia beddomei: Sinuate, fine, unordered stripes. B, Davallia austro-sinica: wavy, thick, and tightly joined stripes. C, Humata pectinata: cavities visible in stripes. D, D. phyxidata: compound stripes. E, D. tyermanni: sinuolate and thick stripes, hunch shallow. F, Paradavallodes kansuense: sinuolate stripes, stripes shortened to apophysis. G, P. multidentatum: zigzag stripes, fine stripes. H, A. perdurans: sinuolate, fine stripes. ★: D. canariensis.
Fig 6.
Leaf epidermal characters of Davalliaceae (observed under scanning electron microscopy) integrated with phylogenetic framework.
Thirty-three accessions, for which both molecular and cuticular layer of leaf epidermis data were available, were examined. Strict consensus tree based on plastid DNA markers (atpB, atpB-rbcL, rbcL, rbcL-accD, and accD). Maximum parsimony (MP) bootstrap values are shown above the branches, and the Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown below the branches. Dashes indicate MP bootstrap values of less than 50%. The eight colours represent the eight types of cuticular layer characters.
Fig 7.
Scanning electron microscopy images [29–30].
Leaf epidermis of: A, Paradavallodes chingiae (Type E). B, Humata assamica (Type E). C, P. membranulosum (Type F). D, P. sp. (Type G). I, Davallia subsolida (Type C). J, H. trifoliata (Type C). K, H. repens (Type C). L, D. solida (Type D). Spores of: E, P. chingiae (verrucate/lophate). F, P. membranulosum (verrucate fused/porous.). G, P. kansuense (verrucae colliculate). H, P. multidentatum (verrucate discrete/fused).
Table 1.
Key to the sections of Davallia produced in China.
Table 2.
Key to the species of Davallia produced in China.