Fig 1.
Trollius ranunculoide flower with measured traits.
Fig 2.
Location of the 12 studied populations of T. ranunculoides along an altitudinal gradient of southwest Gansu Province on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
The map was generated in ArcGIS 9.0 (ESRI, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.).
Fig 3.
Clinal variation in the floral traits and seed set of T. ranunculoides populations located along the altitudinal gradient of Gansu Province on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Fig 4.
Clinal variation of the visitation rate (visits plant-1 h-1) of all pollinators and main assemblages (flies and bees) across T. ranunculoides populations located along the altitudinal gradient.
Table 1.
ANOVAs to test the variation of plant traits and visitation frequency of pollinators among populations of T. ranunculoides.
Table 2.
Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) for the floral traits measured in 12 populations of T. ranunculoides.
Fig 5.
Selection differentials on sepal length T. ranunculoides along the altitudinal gradient.
Mean selection differential ± SE, each point represents a population. * indicates statistical significance.
Fig 6.
Selection gradients on PC1 along the altitudinal gradient.
Mean selection gradient ± SE, each point indicates a population. PC1 represents the sepal length and width, which was from principal component analysis with varimax rotation. * indicates statistical significance.