Table 1.
Data collection and haplotype diversity.
Figure 1.
Haplotype frequency distribution.
Populations of the Ruppia cirrhosa complex (including Ruppia drepanensis haplogroup A and hybrid lineages of haplogroup E) are pooled in 12 coastal zones or regions as given in Table 1 (Northern Baltic, Ostsee/Southern Baltic, North Sea, Atlantic, Inland Spain, Alboran/Algerian, Balearic, Tyrrhenic, Adriatic, Ionian, Northern Aegean, Levantine/Nile/Middle East). The size of pie charts is relative to their haplotype diversity. A detailed overview with pie charts relative to sample sizes at population level is provided in Figures S1, S2 and S3.
Figure 2.
Branch lengths are relative to their differences in eleven loci (shortest branches are equivalent to a single mutation). Pie chart shading colors represent the frequency of nuclear DNA identity. Dark: ITS-A in haplogroup D (Ruppia maritima), haplogroup E (Ancient hybrids in Ruppia cirrhosa complex) and some within haplotype B1 or C1 (recent hybrids); white: ITS-B in haplogroup B and C (Ruppia cirrhosa); and shaded: ITS-C in haplogroup A (Ruppia drepanensis). Note the large number of differences between haplogroup D and E, but sharing ITS-A.
Figure 3.
Maximum Likelihood Tree of 25 haplotypes.
Two haplogroup complexes of Ruppia cirrhosa and of Ruppia maritima are fully supported. Within haplogroups, only support (>70) was given to haplotypes D and E. The basal lineages of each haplogroup contain populations of Africa. The Ruppia cirrhosa complex with haplogroups B and C represent tetraploid populations (ITS-B) from the most marine-lagoonal habitats whereas others haplogroups (A, D) contained diploid populations (ITS-A and ITS-C) mostly from brackish water and inland saline wetlands, including ephemeral habitats.
Table 2.
Analysis of Molecular Variance.
Figure 4.
Within population diversity along latitudinal gradient.
Haplotype diversity in 72 populations (30 m transects) plotted against latitudes (°N) with indication of threshold values obtained from a Classification and Regression Tree analysis. Highest within population diversity resides in regions <40°N. Note the large number of monomorph sites across all latitudes.