Figure 1.
Distribution of Myricaria species (a,b), the information obtained from floras and herbaria, mainly in China.
Geographical division of QTP eastern and western portions is shown in a red broken line (c). The Himalayan origin and dispersal routes along the Asian mountains are illustrated in arrows (a).
Table 1.
List of Sampled Taxa, Vouchers and Genebank Accession Numbers.
Figure 2.
Chronogram of Myricaria and outgroups Tamarix and Reaumuria in Tamariaceae, with maximum clade credibility performed by BEAST.
Dating values are plotted at the right of the nodes, and posterior probability support of more than 95% is labeled as “*” at the nodes. Two vertical lines are labeled at 20 Ma and 8 Ma, corresponding respectively to two stages and two high-altitude ranges (blue ranges in A, B) of the QTP uplift, Himalayan motion, and rapid and major-range uplift. Four sections within Myricaria are shown, along with flowers and degree of union of the filaments. In section Alpinae, flower and filament status refers to M. rosea, and in section Renantherae, the flower and filaments, above right, refer to M. bracteata. The filaments below left refer to M. germanica and those below right refer to M. squamosa.
Figure 3.
Biogeographical ancestral optimization performed with Diva, S-Diva and Lagrange.
Pie charts at the internal nodes represent the calculated probabilities (relative frequencies) of alternative ancestral areas (reconstructions), and were produced by S-Diva; letters are labeled at the right and above nodes, and probabilities from S-Diva are at the right and below nodes; letters above and below at branches are from Lagrange, indicating the highest probability migration routes and inheritance of area by upper and lower descendant branches, respectively. Located at the front of M. prostrata, M. bracteata, and M. germanica, vertical lines on the branches indicate dispersals involving these three species. Area letters as stated in the text: A: eastern Himalayas, including the eastern QTP, Hengduan mountains, northern China, and central China of East Asia; B: western Himalayas, including the western QTP, and Pamir-Alai, Kunlun-Altun, and Hendukosh mountains; C: Tianshan-Tungger-Turan; D: Altai-Siberia; E: Mongolian Plateau; and F: Asia Minor-Caucasus-Europe.