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Commiphora berryi (Arn.) Engl.

Accepted
Commiphora berryi (Arn.) Engl.
Commiphora berryi (Arn.) Engl.
Commiphora berryi (Arn.) Engl.
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🗒 Synonyms
synonymAmyris gileadensis Roxb.
synonymBalsamea berryi Engl.
synonymBalsamea gileadensis (Kunth) Oken
synonymBalsamodendrum berryanum Voigt
synonymBalsamodendrum berryi Arn.
synonymProtium gileadense (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.
🗒 Common Names
English
  • Indian Balm of Gilead
Malayalam
  • Usuva
Other
  • Esalae Mara
Tamil
  • Mulkilluvai
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Shrub to Small Tree
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors
D. Narasimhan
StatusUNDER_CREATION
LicensesCC_BY
References
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Trees, to 10 m high, bark reddish-brown or grey; blaze pink-red; branchlets spine-tipped. Leaves 3-foliate, alternate, clustered; estipulate; rachis 6-14 mm, slender, grooved above, flattened at base, pubescent; leaflets opposite, sessile, laterals smaller, terminal larger; lamina 0.6-2 x 1.2-2 cm, ovate-obovate, obovate, ovate or suborbicular, base cuneate or attenuate, apex obtuse, margin crenate or entire, glabrous, chartaceous; lateral nerves 3-5 pairs, pinnate, slender, faint, intercostae reticulate, faint. Flowers small, polygamous, deep red, pink or cream coloured, solitary or fascicled, axillary; calyx narrowly campanulate; lobes 4, shorter than the tube, glabrous; petals 4, oblanceolate, apiculate; stamens 8, free, alternately long and short, inserted on the margin of the disc; filaments subulate; disc small, 6-8 lobed; ovary superior, ovoid, sessile, 2-celled, ovules 2 in each cell; style short; stigma 3-4 lobed; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit a drupe, 0.8-1.2 x 0.6-0.9 cm, oblong or ovoid-subglobose, beaked; seeds 2.
    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Contributors
    StatusUNDER_CREATION
    LicensesCC_BY
    References
      No Data
      📚 Natural History
      Cyclicity
      Flowering and fruiting: January-April
      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Contributors
      StatusUNDER_CREATION
      LicensesCC_BY
      References
        Morphology

        Growth Form

        Tree
        Tree
        Field Tips

        Leaf fall in February. Wood white. Leaves arising from thorny branches.

        Flower

        In axillary clusters, white. Flowering in March.

        Fruit

        A drupe, ovoid to sub globose, red. Seeds 2. Fruiting in April.

        Leaf Apices

        Obtuse

        Leaf arrangement

        Alternate

        Leaf Bases

        Cuneate

        Leaf Margins

        Crenate

        Leaf Shapes

        Sub-orbicular

        Leaf Types

        Trifoliate

        Habit

        An armed deciduous shrub.

        Keystone Foundation
        AttributionsKeystone Foundation
        Contributors
        StatusUNDER_CREATION
        LicensesCC_BY
        References
          No Data
          📚 Habitat and Distribution
          General Habitat
          Dry deciduous forests
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors
          StatusUNDER_CREATION
          LicensesCC_BY
          References
            Occasional on the lower dry deciduous slopes in full sun. Plains, scrub jungle to 900m. Peninsular India.
            Keystone Foundation
            AttributionsKeystone Foundation
            Contributors
            StatusUNDER_CREATION
            LicensesCC_BY
            References
              Description
              Global Distribution

              South India

              Indian distribution

              State - Kerala, District/s: Idukki

              Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
              AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
              Contributors
              StatusUNDER_CREATION
              LicensesCC_BY
              References
                No Data
                📚 Occurrence
                No Data
                📚 Uses and Management
                Uses
                System Of Medicines Used In

                Siddha

                FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=7215
                AttributionsFRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=7215
                Contributors
                StatusUNDER_CREATION
                LicensesCC_BY
                References
                  Medicinal
                  Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Contributors
                  StatusUNDER_CREATION
                  LicensesCC_BY
                  References
                    The bark is medicinal. The sap is used to cure mouth ulcers.
                    Keystone Foundation
                    AttributionsKeystone Foundation
                    Contributors
                    StatusUNDER_CREATION
                    LicensesCC_BY
                    References
                      No Data
                      📚 Information Listing
                      References
                      1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=7215
                      1. Commiphora berryi (Arn.) Engl. in A. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 4: 17. 1883; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 170(122). 1915; V. Chithra & A.N. Henry in Hajra et al., Fl. India 4: 443. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 59. 1999; A.N. Henry & V. Chithra in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 631. 2005.
                      2. Balsamodendron berryi Arn., Ann. Nat. Hist. 3: 86. 1839; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 529. 1875.
                      Information Listing > References
                      1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=7215
                      2. Commiphora berryi (Arn.) Engl. in A. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 4: 17. 1883; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 170(122). 1915; V. Chithra & A.N. Henry in Hajra et al., Fl. India 4: 443. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 59. 1999; A.N. Henry & V. Chithra in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 631. 2005.
                      3. Balsamodendron berryi Arn., Ann. Nat. Hist. 3: 86. 1839; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 529. 1875.
                      No Data
                      📚 Meta data
                      🐾 Taxonomy
                      📊 Temporal Distribution
                      📷 Related Observations
                      👥 Groups
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