Tree
Citrus reticulata Blanco
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Citrus aurantium var. tachibana Makino |
synonym | Citrus chrysocarpa Lush. |
synonym | Citrus crenatifolia Lush. |
synonym | Citrus daoxianensis S.W. He & G.F. Liu |
synonym | Citrus deliciosa Ten. |
synonym | Citrus depressa Hayata |
synonym | Citrus erythrosa Hort. ex Tanaka |
synonym | Citrus madurensis var. deliciosa (Tenore) Sagot |
synonym | Citrus mangshanensis S.W. He & G.F. Liu |
synonym | Citrus nippokoreana T. Tanaka |
synonym | Citrus nobilis Subf. deliciosa (Tenore) Hiroe |
synonym | Citrus nobilis var. deliciosa (Tenore) Guillaumin |
synonym | Citrus nobilis var. major Ker Gawler |
synonym | Citrus nobilis var. ponki Hayata |
synonym | Citrus nobilis var. spontanea Ito |
synonym | Citrus nobilis var. sunki Hayata |
synonym | Citrus nobilis var. tachibana (Makino) Ito |
synonym | Citrus nobilis var. unshiu (Marcowicz) Tanaka ex Swingle |
synonym | Citrus nobilis var. vangasy (Bojer) Guillaumin |
synonym | Citrus ponki (Hayata) Hort. ex Tanaka |
synonym | Citrus poonensis Hort. ex Tanaka |
synonym | Citrus reticulata subsp. deliciosa (Ten.) D. Rivera Nunez et al. |
synonym | Citrus reticulata subsp. tachibana (Tanaka) D. Rivera Nunez et al. |
synonym | Citrus reticulata subsp. unshiu (Marcow.) D. Rivera Nunez et al. |
synonym | Citrus reticulata var. austera Swingle |
synonym | Citrus succosa Hort. ex Tanaka |
synonym | Citrus suhuiensis Hayata |
synonym | Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tanaka |
synonym | Citrus tachibana (Makino) Tanaka |
synonym | Citrus tangerina Hort. ex Tanaka |
synonym | Citrus tankan Hayata |
synonym | Citrus unshiu (Swingle) Marcov. |
synonym | Citrus vangasy Bojer |
🗒 Common Names
Assamese |
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Bengali |
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Eng |
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English |
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Hindi |
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Kannada |
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Tamil |
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📚 Overview
Description
Habit: Shrub
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Flowering: March-May. Fruiting: November-February
Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 259
Cyclicity
Flowering: April-May. Fruiting: October-December.
Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference.
Attributions | Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Morphology
A small tree that reaches a height of 5 - 7 m with slender branches and lance shaped shiny evergreen leaves. The leaves are not trifoliate but the petioles (leaf stems) are slightly winged. The flowers are white and highly fragrant. The orange colour round fruit is juicy and sweet with loose skin which is very easy to peel. They are about 5 - 10 cm in diameter and have easily divided sections. They are similar to oranges but usually smaller and looser skinned
Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 259
Small trees; branches slender, erect or spreading, spinous. Leaves unifoliolately compound, alternate, spiral; rachis ca. 2 mm broad, short, slightly marginate, articulate above; lamina ca. 5-10 x 2.5-3.5 cm, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, acute or rounded at base, tapering at apex, irregularly crenate or crenulate along margins. Inflorescences solitary to 3 in a fascicle; calyx irregularly 3-5-lobed; sepals 5, light greenish, glabrous; petals 5, white, oblong, glandular; stamens 14-19; filaments white, polyadelphous, usually 2 or 3, free, white; anthers yellow; disk annular, fleshy; ovary globose or oblate; style cylindric, greenish-white; stigma capitate. Fruit pale yellow, orange, red, or carmine, oblate to subglobose, smooth or coarse; pericarp very thin to thick, easily removed; sarcocarp with 7-14 segments or rarely more, sweet to acidic and sometimes bitter, with few to many seeds or rarely seedless; pulp vesicles plump, short, rarely slender and long. Seeds 10-15 per fruit, ovoid, base rounded, apex narrow and acute; embryos numerous, rarely solitary; cotyledons dark green, pale green, or milky white; chalaza purple.
Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference.
Attributions | Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Western Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Dry Deciduous to Moist Deciduous Forests, Cultivated, Native of South East Asiatic Region
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Hillside forests, cultivated
Cultivated in subtropical areas.
Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference.
Attributions | Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Description
Tamil Nadu: Dharmapuri, Dindigul, Kanniyakumari, Nilgiri, Salem, Theni, Tirunelveli
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Global Distribution
India: Assam, Gujarat, Meghalaya, Western India, Hills Of India; Vietnam
Indian Distribution
Bongaigaon, Kamrup, Lakhimpur, Sivasagar
Geographic Entity
Bongaigaon, Kamrup, Lakhimpur, Sivasagar
Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference.
Attributions | Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda
Unani
Sowa-Rigpa
System Of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda, Sowa-Rigpa, Unani
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=569
Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=569 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
The ripe fruit is eaten fresh. Squash, Jams and Jellies are also prepared from the pulp. The dried peel or rind is also use as flavoring agent. Local people burned the dried peel to repel insects
Nutritional Value
Energy 47 kcal; carbohydrate 11.75 gm; protein 0.94gm; total fat 0.12gm; dietry fibres 2.4 gm; niacin 0.28mg; thiamine 0.01 mg; vitamin C 53.2 mg; vitamin E 0.18 mg; potassium 169 mg; calcium 40 mg; iron 0.1mg; magnesium 10 mg; zinc 0.08mg & small amount of alpha & beta-carotene, per 100 gm
Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 259
Raw fruits cooked in puddings, cakes, confectionery etc. It is sweet and delicious. A thin-skinned fruit with a very pleasant, acidic-sweet flavour. The fruit is up to 8cm in diameter. The dried rind of the fruit has a sweet spicy flavour and is often used as flavouring in cakes etc. The rind is a source of pectin.
Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference.
Attributions | Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Folklore
Considered to have analgesic, anti asthmatic, anti cholesterolemic, anti inflammatory, antiseptic and laxative properties and are widely used in the field of medicine
Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 259
The fruit is antiemetic, aphrodisiac, astringent, laxative and tonic. The flowers are stimulant. The pericarp is analgesic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, antitussive, carminative, expectorant, stomachic. It is used in the treatment of dyspepsia, gastro-intestinal distension, cough with profuse phlegm, hiccup and vomiting. The endocarp is carminative and expectorant. It is used in the treatment of dyspepsia, gastro-intestinal distension, coughs and profuse phlegm. The unripened green exocarp is carminative and stomachic. It is used in the treatment of pain in the chest and hypochondrium, gastro-intestinal distension, swelling of the liver and spleen and cirrhosis of the liver. The seed is analgesic and carminative. It is used in the treatment of hernia, lumbago, mastitis and pain or swellings of the testes.
Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference.
Attributions | Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=569
- Hajra, P. K., Nair, V.J., Daniel, P. 1997. Flora of India: Vol. IV: 287. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Tanaka, 1937
Information Listing > References
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=569
- Hajra, P. K., Nair, V.J., Daniel, P. 1997. Flora of India: Vol. IV: 287. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Tanaka, 1937
Pollinators of Sikkim Mandarin Orange Citrus reticulata (Sapindales: Rutaceae)
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaFirst records of Agnidra vinacea (Moore, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae: Drepaninae) from the western Himalaya, extending its known range westwards
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaObservations on the female flowers and fruiting of Tape Grass Enhalus acoroides from South Andaman Islands, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaWeed diversity in rice crop fields of Fatehgarh Sahib District, Punjab, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaCalamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a new species from the eastern Himalaya, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaA preliminary study of the hawkmoth diversity (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaNew host records of polyphagous Lepidoptera on Ban Oak Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus (Fabaceae) in the Garhwal Himalaya, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaA new species of Simulium (Simulium) (Diptera: Simuliidae), with keys to S. striatum species-group from India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaRecent records of the Banded Racer Argyrogena fasciolata (Shaw, 1802) (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) from southern Coromandel Coast, peninsular India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaFood composition of Indian Eagle Owl Bubo bengalensis Franklin (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) from Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaEstimating Leopard Panthera pardus fusca (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) abundance in Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaSeasonal distribution and abundance of earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) in relation to the edaphic factors around Udupi Power Corporation Limited (UPCL), Udupi District, southwestern coast of India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaNo Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Sapindales |
Family | Rutaceae |
Genus | Citrus |
Species | Citrus reticulata Blanco |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups