Isatis species are annual, biennial or perennial herbs, glabrous or pubescent with simple trichomes, not scapose. Rootstocks slender, taproot. Stem erect, ascending, leafy, usually simple at the base, and paniculately branched above, glaucous or rarely pubescent. Basal leaves simple, rosulate or not, linear lanceolate to oblong, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire to dentate, apex acute to obtuse, petiole short to sessile, cauline leaves usually similar but smaller, base auriculate amplexicaul or sagittate, petiole sessile. Inflorescence raceme corymbs or panicles, many flowered, considerably elongated in fruit, ebracteate. Flowers bisexual, yellow, pedicel erect, filiform, thickened, clavate at the apex, sepals 4, ovate-oblong, erect, lateral pair base not saccate, apex obtuse, petals 4, obovate-oblong, almost equal or slightly longer than sepals, base cuneate, margins entire, apex obtuse or emarginated, claw absent, nectar glands 6 confluent or 4 lateral and median. Stamens 6, slightly tetradynamous, filaments not dilated near the base, anthers ovate-oblong, nectar glands 4 to 6, median glands usually present. Ovary superior, bicarpellary, ovules 1 or 2. Fruit siliqula or samaroid, indehiscent, ovate-elliptic, obovate to suborbicular, terete, angustiseptate, compressed, keeled or shortly winged, distinctly winged, valves prominent or obscurely, glabrous or pubescent, replum and veins united, gynophore, septum absent, style absent, stigma capitate. Seeds 1-2, pendulous, brown, plump, ovate-ovoid, not winged, smooth minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when soaked, cotyledons usually incumbent.
Isatis tinctoria L.
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Isatis bannatica Link |
synonym | Isatis campestris Steven |
synonym | Isatis canescens DC. |
synonym | Isatis ciesielskii Zapal. |
synonym | Isatis indigotica Fortune ex Lindl. |
synonym | Isatis japonica Miq. |
synonym | Isatis kamienskii Zapal. |
synonym | Isatis koelzii Rech.f. |
synonym | Isatis macrocarpa B. Fedtsch. ex E. Nikitina |
synonym | Isatis maeotica DC. |
synonym | Isatis maritima Rupr. |
synonym | Isatis oblongata DC. |
synonym | Isatis praecox Kit. ex Tratt. |
synonym | Isatis reticulata C.A. Mey. |
synonym | Isatis sibirica Trautv. |
synonym | Isatis taurica M.Bieb. |
synonym | Isatis tinctoria subsp. campestris (Steven) Kulcz. |
synonym | Isatis tinctoria subsp. koelzii (Rech.f.) Jafri |
synonym | Isatis tinctoria subsp. praecox (Kit. ex Tratt.) Domin & Podp. |
synonym | Isatis tinctoria subsp. tinctoria |
synonym | Isatis tinctoria var. canescens (DC.) Gren. & Godr. |
synonym | Isatis tinctoria var. vulgaris W.D.J. Koch |
synonym | Isatis tinctoria var. yezoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi |
synonym | Isatis transsilvanica Simonk. |
synonym | Isatis villarsii Gaudin |
synonym | Isatis yezoensis Ohwi |
🗒 Common Names
English |
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📚 Overview
Summary
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
Sp. Pl. 2: 670. 1753
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Reproduction
Isatis species flowers are complete, bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects, or cleistogamy i.e., by self or allogamy i.e., by cross pollination. Flowering/Fruiting: May—July.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Dispersal
Seeds may be dispersed by autochory i.e., self dispersal, anemochory i.e., wind dispersal, zoochory i.e., dispersal by birds or animals, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Morphology
Biennial or rarely perennial herbs, glabrous, about 40-150 cm long, not scapose. Rootstocks slender, taproot. Stem erect, ascending, and simple at the base, branched paniculately above, glaucous, glabrous and rarely pubescent. Basal radical leaves simple, in rosulate, withered early before flowering, oblong-oblanceolate to lanceolate, about 5-15 x 1-3 cm across, base attenuate, margin entire to slightly shallow dentate, apex acute to obtuse, petiole about 0.5-5 cm long, cauline leaves linear and gradually smaller, linear lanceolate, about 3-7 x 0.5-2.5 cm across, base acutely auriculate or amplexicaul, margin entire, apex acute, petiole sessile. Inflorescence raceme panicles, many flowered, considerably elongated in fruit, ebracteate. Flowers bisexual, yellow, pedicel erect, slender, filiform, more or less deflexed, thickened and subclavate at the apex, 5-8 mm long, sepals 4, oblong, erect, lateral pair base not saccate, apex obtuse, glabrous, about about 2-2.5 x 1-1.5 mm across, petals 4, oblanceolate-obovate, almost equal or slightly longer than sepals, base attenuate, margins entire, apex obtuse, about 3-4 x 1-1.5 mm across, claw absent, nectar glands 6 confluent or 4 lateral and median. Stamens 6, slightly tetradynamous, filaments about 1-2 mm long, anthers ovate-oblong, about 0.6 mm long. Ovary superior, bicarpellary, ovules 1 or 2. Fruit siliqula or samaroid, indehiscent, oblong-elliptic, about 10-20 x 3-5 mm across, terete, angustiseptate, compressed, base cuneate, apex rounded to rarely emarginate, distinctly winged, valves prominent or obscurely, glabrous or pubescent, replum and veins united, midvein distinct and lateral veins inconspicuous, gynophore, septum absent, style absent, stigma capitate. Seeds 1, rarely 2, pendulous, yellowish light brown, plump, narrow oblong-ellipsoid, about 2-3 x 0.7-1 mm across, not winged, not mucilaginous when soaked, cotyledons usually incumbent.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Diseases
Isatis species are susceptible to various insect pests, virus, mildews and moulds.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Roadsides, near cultivated fields and mountain slopes, altitude 700-2700 m.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Global Distribution
Asia: Afghanistan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan; Europe.
Local Distribution
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
Not evaluated (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Used as medicine as antibacterial, antiviral, astringent, also used as dye and preservative.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
- Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 163.
- Plants for a Future. URL: http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Isatis+tinctoria
- Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
- Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400
- Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 2: 199.
- Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014.
- IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. . Downloaded on 09 February 2015.
- The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Isatis+tinctoria&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/4101316
- The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2867046
- Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.
- Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2014]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200009571
- Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927
Information Listing > References
- Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
- Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 163.
- Plants for a Future. URL: http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Isatis+tinctoria
- Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
- Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400
- Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 2: 199.
- Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014.
- IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. . Downloaded on 09 February 2015.
- The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Isatis+tinctoria&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/4101316
- The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2867046
- Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.
- Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2014]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200009571
- Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Equisetopsida C. Agardh |
Order | Brassicales |
Family | Brassicaceae |
Genus | Isatis |
Species | Isatis tinctoria L. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups