Freshwater, Brackish
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Chromis guentheri Steindachner, 1864 |
synonym | Chromis nilotica (Linnaeus, 1758) |
synonym | Chromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
synonym | Chromis tristrami (non Günther, 1859) |
synonym | Oreochromis cancellatus cancellatus (Nichols, 1923) |
synonym | Oreochromis cancellatus filoa Trewavas, 1983 |
synonym | Oreochromis nilotica (Linnaeus, 1758) |
synonym | Oreochromis nilotica filoa Trewavas, 1983 |
synonym | Oreochromis nilotics (Linnaeus, 1758) |
synonym | Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis Trewavas, 1983 |
synonym | Oreochromis niloticus cancellatus (Nichols, 1923) |
synonym | Oreochromis niloticus eduardianus (Boulenger, 1912) |
synonym | Oreochromis niloticus edwardianus (Boulenger, 1912) |
synonym | Oreochromis niloticus filoa Trewavas, 1983 |
synonym | Oreochromis niloticus lancellatus (Nichols, 1923) |
synonym | Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
synonym | Oreochromis niloticus sugutae Trewavas, 1983 |
synonym | Oreochromis niloticus tana Seyoum & Kornfield, 1992 |
synonym | Oreochromis niloticus vulcani (Trewavas, 1933) |
synonym | Oreochromis vulcani (Trewavas, 1933) |
synonym | Perca nilotica Linnaeus, 1758 |
synonym | Sarotherodon niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
synonym | Tilapia calciati Gianferrari, 1924 |
synonym | Tilapia cancellata Nichols, 1923 |
synonym | Tilapia crassispina Arambourg, 1948 |
synonym | Tilapia eduardiana Boulenger, 1912 |
synonym | Tilapia esduardiana Boulenger, 1912 |
synonym | Tilapia inducta Trewavas, 1933 |
synonym | Tilapia nilotica (Linnaeus, 1758) |
synonym | Tilapia nilotica cancellata Nichols, 1923 |
synonym | Tilapia nilotica eduardiana Boulenger, 1912 |
synonym | Tilapia nilotica nilotica (Linnaeus, 1758) |
synonym | Tilapia nilotica regani Poll, 1932 |
synonym | Tilapia nilotious (Linnaeus, 1758) |
synonym | Tilapia regani Poll, 1932 |
synonym | Tilapia vulcani Trewavas, 1933 |
🗒 Common Names
Assamese |
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English |
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Tamil |
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📚 Overview
Brief
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
Diagnostic Keys
Dorsal spines (total): 16 - 18; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 13; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 9 - 11; Vertebrae: 30 - 32
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Description
Genital papilla of breeding male not tassellated. Jaws of mature male not greatly enlarged (length of lower jaw 29-37 % of head length). The most distinguishing characteristic of the species is the presence of regular vertical stripes throughout the depth of caudal fin (Ref.4967). Margin of dorsal fin grey or black. Vertical bars in caudal fin 7-12.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Sexual maturity is reached at 3-6 months depending on temperature, reaching about 30 g. Reproduction occurs only when temperatures are over 20°C. Several yearly spawnings every 30 days. Females incubate eggs inside their mouths (approximately for a week) where larvae hatch and remain until the vitellus is reabsorved.Egg size 1.5 mm, larval length at hatching 4 mm. Spawns in firm sand in water from 0.6 to 2 m deep of lakes. Males set up and defend territory which are visited by the females. Courtship lasts several hours. Eggs are shed in batches in shallow nest and fertilized by male. Each batch of eggs is picked up into oral cavity by female. Females solely involved in broodcare. Female carries up to 200 eggs in her mouth where the larvae hatch and remain until after the yolk-sac is absorbed.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Migration
Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Size
Max Length
64 TL (unsexed)
Size
60.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; ); max. published weight: 4,324 g ; max. reported age: 9 years
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Trophic Strategy
Inhabit the littoral zone of lakes and are abundant in Lakes Turkana (Rudolf) and Albert. Although a freshwater species they are also found in brackish water like in the Nile Delta. The area occupied by the species extends from 8° S to 32° N and from 6000 ft (1830 m) to sea level. O. niloticus of Lake Edward form very large schools of 100 sq.m or more at the lake surface when feeding. The species takes epiphytic algae, diatoms or plankton according to conditions. (See also Ref. 3736).
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Diseases
Acanthogyrus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Aeromonasis in Tilapia. Bacterial ;
Aeromonosis. Bacterial ;
Alitropus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Amplicaecum Infection (Larvae). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Caligus Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Cichlidogyrus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Cichlidogyrus Infestation 10. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Cichlidogyrus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Cichlidogyrus Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Cichlidogyrus Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Sporozoa-infection (Myxobolussp. ). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc. )
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat benthopelagic; potamodromous ; freshwater; brackish; depth range 5 - ? m , usually ? - 20 m
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Description
Remark
Recorded from North Arcot district, Tamil Nadu, Bharathapuzha River and Western Ghats
Occurrence
introduced
Distribution
Africa: coastal rivers of Israel; Nile from below Albert Nile to the delta; Jebel Marra; Lake Chad basin and the rivers Niger, Benue, Volta, Gambia and Senegal. Widely introduced for aquaculture, with many existing strains. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Global Distribution
Northern And Eastern Africa. Introduced Elesewhere.,india
Local Distribution
Introduced, Assam (Brahmaputra and Barak valley)
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Population Biology
Abundance
scarce (very unlikely)
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
Conservation Status
Not Evaluated IUCN 2006
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=2, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
Overview > Diagnostic > Diagnostic Keys
- Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p.
Overview > Diagnostic > Description
- Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p.
Natural History > Life Cycle
- Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p.
Natural History > Migration
- Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p.
Natural History > Size
- Eccles, D.H. 1992 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Noakes, D.G.L. and E.K. Balon 1982 Life histories of tilapias: an evolutionary perspective. p. 61-82. In R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7.
Natural History > Trophic Strategy
- Philippart, J.-C. and J.-C. Ruwet 1982 Ecology and distribution of tilapias. p. 15-60. In R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7.
Natural History > Diseases
- Wada, K. 1990 Aeromonas infectious disease of Oreochromis niloticus. J. Yoshoku - Disease Leaflet No. 146. $
- Khalil, L.F. and J.P. Thurston 1973 Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Uganda including the descriptions of two new species of digeneans. Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 87(2):209-248. $
- Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. $
- Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. $
- Khalil, L.F. and J.P. Thurston 1973 Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Uganda including the descriptions of two new species of digeneans. Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 87(2):209-248. $
- Arthur, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. Anupdate. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220p. FAO, Rome.
- Paperna, Rome. $
Habitat and Distribution > General Habitat
- Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. Bailey, R.G. 1994 Guide to the fishes of the River Nile in the Republic of the Sudan. J. Nat. Hist. 28:937-970. van Oijen, M.J.P. 1995 Appendix I. Key to Lake Victoria fishes other than haplochromine cichlids. p. 209-300. In F. Witte and W.L.T. van Densen (eds.) Fish stocks and fisheries of Lake Victoria. A handbook for field observations. Samara Publishing Limited, Dyfed, Great Britain.
Habitat and Distribution > Distribution > Description
- Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Oreochromis. p. 307-346. In: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4.
Demography and Conservation > Conservation Status
- 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
Uses and Management > Uses
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1992 FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings. FAO Fish. Ser. (38). FAO Stat. Ser. 70:(105):647 p. Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p.
Distribution, habitat utilisation and conservation status of the freshwater crab, Somanniathelphusa zanklon Ng & Dudgeon, 1992 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) endemic to Hong Kong
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaUse of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) to induce anaesthesia in Puntius denisonii (Day, 1865) (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), a threatened barb of the Western Ghats, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaCEPF Western Ghats Special Series: Fishes of River Bharathapuzha, Kerala, India: diversity, distribution, threats and conservation
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaNo Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Animalia |
Phylum | Chordata |
Class | Actinopterygii |
Order | Perciformes |
Family | Cichlidae |
Genus | Oreochromis |
Species | Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups