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Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson

Accepted
Lippia alba
Lippia alba
Lippia alba
Lippia alba
Lippia alba
Lippia alba
🗒 Synonyms
synonymCamara alba (Mill.) Kuntze
synonymLantana alba f. rubella Moldenke
synonymLantana alba Mill.
synonymLantana cuneatifolia Klotzsch ex Walp.
synonymLantana geminata (Kunth) Spreng.
synonymLantana lippioides Hook. & Arn., nom. illeg.
synonymLantana malabarica Hayek
synonymLantana mollissima Desf.
synonymLantana odorata (Pers.) Weigelt ex Cham., nom. illeg.
synonymLippia alba f. intermedia Moldenke
synonymLippia alba f. macrophylla Moldenke
synonymLippia alba f. scabra Moldenke
synonymLippia alba var. carterae Moldenke
synonymLippia alba var. globiflora (L'Hér.) Moldenke
synonymLippia asperifolia Poepp. ex Cham.
synonymLippia carterae (Moldenke) G.L.Nesom
synonymLippia citrata Willd. ex Cham.
synonymLippia crenata Sessé & Moc.
synonymLippia geminata Kunth
synonymLippia geminata var. microphylla Griseb.
synonymLippia globiflora (L'Hér.) Kuntze
synonymLippia globiflora f. lilacina Kuntze
synonymLippia globiflora var. geminata (Kunth) Kuntze
synonymLippia globiflora var. normalis Kuntze
synonymLippia havanensis Turcz.
synonymLippia lantanifolia F.Muell.
synonymLippia lantanoides (Lam.) Herter, nom. illeg.
synonymLippia obovata Sessé & Moc.
synonymLippia panamensis Turcz.
synonymLippia unica Ramakr.
synonymVerbena globiflora L'Hér.
synonymVerbena globulifera Spreng.
synonymVerbena lantanoides (Lam.) Willd. ex Spreng.
synonymZappania geminata (Kunth) Gibert
synonymZappania globiflora (L'Hér.) Juss.
synonymZappania lantanoides Lam.
synonymZappania odorata Pers.
🗒 Common Names
English
  • Bushy mat grass
Other
  • Lopong-brik
Sylt
  • Pichas-bon
  • Pichas-lakri
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Lippia species are pubescent or glabrous shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves decussate-opposite or ternate, simple, deciduous, sessile or petiolate, margin dentate or serrate. Inflorescence axillary, spicate or fasciled cylindric heads, dense, pedunculate, bracts conspicuous. Flowers sessile. Calyx glabrous, membranous, compressed, Corolla hypocrateriform, 4 lobed, red, purple, white or blue. Stamens 4, didynamous, anthers ovoid. Ovary 2-loculed, 1 ovule in each locule, Style shorter than corolla tube, Stigma oblique or recurved. Fruit drupaceous with 2 seeded pyrenes, seeds nonendospermous.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors 
Kailash B R
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
References 
    Brief
    Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Shrub Distribution notes: Exotic
    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Diagnostic Keys
      Description
      Erect shrubs to 2 m. Leaves opposite, 4-9 x 2-4 cm, broadly elliptic-oblong, thick-chartaceous; lateral nerves 6-8 pairs, the lowest pair longer and prominent, nerves impressed above, raised below, sparsely hairy above, softly pubescent below, base rounded to acute, margin serrate-crenate, apex acute; petiole to 1 cm. Flowers zygomorphic, 5-merous, subsessile, aggregated in elongate, axillary spikes to 1.5 cm; stalk to 3 cm; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 3.5 mm, imbricate, densely pubescent, shortly acuminate, lower ones broader, persistent. Calyx cupular; lobes 2, lanceolate, concave, decurrent into a circular cup below, hairy without, acute, accrescent. Corolla pinkish-white, 4 x 2 mm across, salver-form; tube 4 mm, thinly pubescent on either side; lobes 5, bilabiate; upper lip 2-lobed, the lower deflexed, to 1.5 mm, obtuse. Stamens 4, attached at the throat, included; filaments pairs 1 and 1.5 mm, longer pair curved; anthers ovate, 0.3 mm. Ovary oblong-globose, 1 mm, 2-locular; ovule 1 per cell, basal; style 1.5 mm; stigma lateral, oblong. Drupe pyriform, 2 mm, enclosing 2, 1-seeded pyrenes.
      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        No Data
        📚 Nomenclature and Classification
        References
        Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 141. 1925
        Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
        Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
        References 
          No Data
          📚 Natural History
          Cyclicity
          Flowering and fruiting: Throughout the year
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            Reproduction
            Lippia species flowers are bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects. Flowering/Fruiting: February-March/Almost throughout the year.
            Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
            Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
            References 
              Dispersal
              Seeds dispersed by anemochory i.e., wind dispersal, endozoochory i.e., dispersal by birds and animals internally, epizoochory i.e., dispersal by animals externally, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
              Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
              Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
              References 
                Morphology
                Straggling shrub about 4-6 ft tall, Young branches pubescent, glabrous when mature, branches 4-angular, furrowed, terete at nodes. Leaves decussate-opposite, lanceolate-oblong 3-10 x 1.5-3.5 cm across, base attenuate to acute, margin serrate, apex acute, chartaceous, sparsely pubescent above, silvery pubescent beneath, lateral veins 5-9 on either side of the midvein, more prominent beneath, Petiole pubescent, slender, about 1 cm long, exstipulate. Inflorescence axillary, solitary spike or cylindric head, peduncle villous, terete, about 0.5-2.5 cm long, Flowers sessile, aromatic, Calyx cupular, 2 lobed bracts lanceolate, base connate, forming a circular cup, apex 2 dentate, hairy, pubescent, Corolla hypocrateriform, bluish purple, 4 lobed, upper 2 lobes emarginated, lower 2 lobes deflexed, Corolla tube narrow, cylindric, apex ampliate 5 x 1 mm, Stamens 4, didynamous, filaments glabrous, slender, anthers ovoid or globose, stigma oblong, Fruit drupe, pyriform about 2 x 1.5 mm hard, bony, separating into 2-seeded pyrenes.
                Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
                References 
                  Diseases
                  Susceptible to insect pests, moulds and bug infections.
                  Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                  Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
                  References 
                    No Data
                    📚 Habitat and Distribution
                    General Habitat
                    In banks of rivers, streams and ponds.
                    Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                    Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
                    References 
                      Roadsides and wastelands in the plains
                      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                      Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        Description
                        Local Distribution: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal. Global Distribution: Asia: Bangladesh, India; North America: Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America; South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela.
                        Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                        Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
                        References 
                          Global Distribution

                          Native of tropical America

                          Indian distribution

                          State - Kerala, District/s: Alappuzha

                          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY
                          References 
                            No Data
                            📚 Occurrence
                            No Data
                            📚 Uses and Management
                            Uses

                            System of Medicines Used In

                            Folk medicine
                            Folk medicine
                            Leaves used as vegetable in Khasi hills, Meghalaya. Used medicinally for its antidepressant, somatic and analgesic properties. Plant is uses as louse repellent in poultry by upper Godavari tribals. Leaf paste is poured into the ear for giddiness caused by the heat by Savaras and ear pain.
                            Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                            Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                            Contributors 
                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                            Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
                            References 
                              System Of Medicines Used In

                              Folk medicine

                              FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=5814
                              Attributions FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=5814
                              Contributors 
                              Status UNDER_CREATION
                              Licenses CC_BY
                              References 
                                No Data
                                📚 Information Listing
                                The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN)
                                Not evaluated (IUCN).
                                Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                                Attributions Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
                                Contributors 
                                Status UNDER_CREATION
                                Licenses CC_BY_NC_SA
                                References 
                                  References
                                  1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=5814
                                  1. Lantana alba Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, 8. 1768.
                                  2. Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson, Bot. Porto Rico 6: 141. 1925; Rajendran & Daniel, Indian Verbenaceae 198. 2002.
                                  3. Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33700792 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Lippia+alba&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-113316 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;efloraofindia URL: https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/species/m---z/v/verbenaceae/lippia/lippia-alba ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 563. ;Kanjilal, U. N., (1939) Flora of Assam. Printed at Omsons Publications, New Delhi Vol. 3: 461. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 198-200. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 15 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
                                  1. Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33700792 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Lippia+alba&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-113316 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;efloraofindia URL: https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/species/m---z/v/verbenaceae/lippia/lippia-alba ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 563. ;Kanjilal, U. N., (1939) Flora of Assam. Printed at Omsons Publications, New Delhi Vol. 3: 461. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 198-200. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 15 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
                                  Information Listing > References
                                  1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=5814
                                  2. Lantana alba Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, 8. 1768.
                                  3. Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson, Bot. Porto Rico 6: 141. 1925; Rajendran & Daniel, Indian Verbenaceae 198. 2002.
                                  4. Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33700792 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Lippia+alba&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-113316 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;efloraofindia URL: https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/species/m---z/v/verbenaceae/lippia/lippia-alba ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 563. ;Kanjilal, U. N., (1939) Flora of Assam. Printed at Omsons Publications, New Delhi Vol. 3: 461. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 198-200. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 15 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
                                  5. Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33700792 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Lippia+alba&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-113316 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;efloraofindia URL: https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/species/m---z/v/verbenaceae/lippia/lippia-alba ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 4: 563. ;Kanjilal, U. N., (1939) Flora of Assam. Printed at Omsons Publications, New Delhi Vol. 3: 461. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 198-200. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 15 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
                                  No Data
                                  📚 Meta data
                                  No Data
                                  🐾 Taxonomy
                                  RootRoot
                                  KingdomPlantae
                                  PhylumTracheophyta
                                  ClassMagnoliopsida
                                  OrderLamiales
                                  FamilyVerbenaceae
                                  GenusLippia
                                  SpeciesLippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson
                                  📊 Temporal Distribution
                                  📷 Related Observations
                                  👥 Groups
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