Aegilops comosa and Ae. markgrafii are diploid progenitors of polyploidy species of Aegilops sharing M and C genomes, respectively. Transferring valuable genes/traits from Aegilops into wheat is an alternative strategy for wheat genetic improvement. The amphidiploids between diploid species of Aegilops and tetraploid wheat can act as bridges to overcome obstacles from direct hybridization and can be developed by the union of unreduced gametes. In this study, we developed seven Triticum turgidum - Ae. comosa and two T. turgidum - Ae. markgrafii amphidiploids. The unreduced gametes mechanisms, including first-division restitution (FDR) and single-division meiosis (SDM), were observed in triploid F1 hybrids of T. turgidum - Ae. comosa (STM) and T. turgidum - Ae. markgrafii (STC). Only FDR was observedinSTC hybrids, whereas FDRorboth FDR and SDM were detectedin the STM hybrids. All seven pairs of M chromosomes of Ae. comosa and C chromosomes of Ae. markgrafii were distinguished by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes pSc119.2 and pTa71 combinations with pTa-535 and (CTT)12/(ACT)7, respectively. Meanwhile, the chromosomes of tetraploid wheat and diploid Aegilops parents were distinguished by the same FISH probes. The amphidiploids possessed specific valuable traits such as multiple tillers, large seed size related traits, and stripe rust resistance that could be utilized in the genetic improvement of wheat. Key words: Aegilops, amphidiploids, fluorescent in situ hybridization, unreduced gametes, C and M genomes. L'Aegilops comosa et l'Ae. markgrafii sont des especes diploides qui ont contribue les genomes M et C, respectivement, chez les especes polyploides d'Aegilops. Le transfert de caracteres ou de genes d'interet de l'Aegilops vers le ble constitue une approche alternative pour l'amelioration genetique du ble. Les amphidiploides entre des especes diploides du genre Aegilops et le ble tetraploide peuvent servir de ponts pour surmonter les obstacles rencontres lors de l'hybridation directe et on peut les produire par union de gametes non-reduits. Dans ce travail, les auteurs ont produit sept amphidiploides Triticum turgidum - Ae. comosa et deux amphidiploides T. turgidum - Ae. markgrafii. Les deux mecanismes menant a la production de gametes non-reduits, la restitution a la premiere division (FDR) et la meiose a une seule division (SDM), ont tous deux etes observes chez les hybrides F1 triploides T. turgidum - Ae. comosa (STM) et T. turgidum - Ae. margrafii (STC). Seul le FDR a ete observe au sein des hybrides STC, tandis que le FDR et le SDM ont tous deux etes detectes chez les hybrides STM. Les sept paires de chromosomes M de l'Ae. comosa et de chromosomes C de l'Ae. margrafii ont ete distingues en hybridation in situ en fluorescence (FISH) a l'aide des sondes pSc119.2 et pTa71 combinees avec les sondes pTa-535 et (CTT)12/(ACT)7, respectivement. En meme temps, les chromosomes parentaux du ble tetraploide et des Aegilops ont ete distingues au moyen des memes sondes FISH. Les amphidiploides presentaient des caracteres specifiques souhaites tels que de multiples talles, de gros grains et une resistance a la rouille striee qui seraient utiles en amelioration genetique du ble. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Aegilops, amphidiploides, hybridation in situ en fluorescence, gametes non-reduits, genomes C et M.