Xanthium echinatum Murray. Cocklebur. Phen: Aug-Oct. Hab: Dunes, beaches. Dist: VA northwards along the coast.
Origin/Endemic status: Native
Synonymy: = F, Fernald (1946); < Xanthium orientale L. – Tomasello (2018); < Xanthium strumarium L. – FNA21, GW2, K4, Pa, Va; < Xanthium strumarium L. ssp. cavanillesii (Schouw) D.Löve & Dans. var. cavanillesii – Löve & Dansereau (1959); < Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense (Mill.) Torr. & A.Gray – C, G, K1, NE, NY, Oh3, SE1
Wetland Indicator Status:
Heliophily: 9
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