SchützianaThe Gymnocalycium Online Journal------- Volume 2, Issue 2, 2011 ISSN 2191-3099 ContentWick, Mario Editorial p. 2Kulhánek, Tomáš p. 3-26 Gymnocalycium berchtii species-group:Strub, Thomas Part two - G. nataliae Neuhuber. p. 27-69 Gymnocalycium of the subgenus Gymnocalycium with naked, black seeds.Published: 04th June 2011Legal noticePublisher: WORKING GROUP SCHÜTZIANA, Fichtenweg 43, 14547 Fichtenwalde, GermanyEditorial team and responsible for the content: www.schuetziana.org/contact.phpMario Wick, 14547 Fichtenwalde, Fichtenweg 43, Germany, [email protected] Meregalli, 10123 Torino, V. Accademia Albertina, 17, Italy, [email protected] Papsch, 8401 Kalsdorf, Ziehrenweg 6, Austria, [email protected]áš Kulhánek, 62400 Brno, Urbánkova 18, Czech Republic, tomas.Kulhá[email protected]ÜTZIANA is the journal of the WORKING GROUP SCHÜTZIANA.Source of supply: SCHÜTZIANA is available only as a pdf-file via World Wide Web and can be downloaded from:www.schuetziana.org/download.php.The content of the respective article expresses the opinion of the author and need not being in agreement with theopinion of the WORKING GROUP SCHÜTZIANA.The issues of SCHÜTZIANA are free of charge and may be distributed freely. The content and the pictures of the article ofSCHÜTZIANA are property of the author and may not be used for other purposes than reading, printing and storing withoutpermission.© 2011 WORKING GROUP SCHÜTZIANA. All rights reserved.ISSN 2191-3099Cover picture: Gymnocalycium stellatum MaW 152, 18 km north of Berrotaran, province Córdoba, Argentina (photo: M. Wick) Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 1 EditorialDear Gymnocalycium enthusiast!Spring is a busy time. Our Gymnocalyciums in the glasshouses are flowering and seed productionhas started. So, we are somewhat late with our next issue of Schütziana.This year is, at least some thirty kilometres southwest of Berlin in Germany, very extraordinary. Wehave had no rain for almost two months but sunshine almost the whole time. During May, we hadmore than 280 hours of sunshine. Usually, we have mixed weather with much more rain and lowertemperatures and on average 90 hours of sunshine. It is said, it is the driest spring ever reported. TheGymnocalyciums like the weather very much. They have extraordinary numbers of buds and flowers.In this issue Tomáš Kulhánek goes again to a hot place in Argentina, to the province of San Luis. Hepresents the second part of his overview of the Gymnocalycium berchtii species group –Gymnocalycium nataliae.Thomas Strub has elaborated on his lecture presented at the 26. International GymnocalyciumMeeting in Niftrik, The Netherlands, about Gymnocalyciums with black, naked (without cuticle) seeds. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 2 Gymnocalycium berchtii species-group:Part two - G. nataliae NeuhuberTomáš KulhánekTylova 673, 672 01 Moravský Krumlov (Czech Republic)e-mail: [email protected]. The second part dealing with taxa related to Gymnocalycium berchtii is focused onthe variability of G. nataliae in its natural habitats. Known populations and occurredbiocenosis are presented and their distribution is demonstrated on maps.G. nataliae Neuhuber[Gymnocalycium 18 (3) 2005: 635-638]It was in 1988, on his third trip to Argentina, when Gert Neuhuber found, in the surrounding of Villa dePraga, small plants belonging to the subgenus Gymnocalycium. The description of this taxon waspublished 12 years later (Neuhuber 2005). This plant was named for Natalia Schelkunova, Moscow,Russia, secretary of the publication Kaktus-Klub.G. nataliae also came into the greenhouses, thanks to the collection of F. Strigl. He collected plantsfour years later in 1992 near Estacion de Fomento Ganadero with field number STO 526.The Gymnocalyciums corresponding with the description occupy very dry stony slopes and savannasof the Pampa de San Martin (SE of Lib. Grl. San Martin) and the area around Guanaco Pampa on theEastern side of Villa de Praga. Variously extensive populations of G. nataliae colonize granitoids(pegmatits) or migmatitic rocks abundant with quartz and white-rose feldspar rising from steppes, andoccasionally found directly on quartzite zones. Plants could inhabit rock crevices without or with soilfilling or can be found on disintegrated gravels mixed with sandy gley soil in grass community. Thesecenoses are steppes mostly without shrubs, but if present, are dominated by Eupatorium sp.(Asteraceae) and Hypothalamus alienus (Asteraceae) and occasionally dwarf shrubs of Acacia cavencan be seen. Accompanying plants from the Cactaceae family on these typical areas could be foundG. lukasikii ssp. emilii growing mostly in the grassy areas directly in silt soil without rocks and gravels(see fig. 10, 52). Notocactus submammulosus and Echinopsis aurea also can be found and on someplaces G. sp. (sanluisense n.n. aff. = sutterianum aff. sensu Till et Amerhauser) could intervene fromcenoses with a high density of shrub community. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 3 The type location is situated East of Villa de Praga, NW of San Isidro on Guanaco Pampa (see fig.1 -data of type location G. Neuhuber, personal communication). Populations, occurring areas East ofPampa de San Martin and Guanaco Pampa, include very typical plants of G. nataliae. Mature plantsare small, maximum 30-50 mm in diameter, depressed into the soil in these hard conditions. Theepidermis is mostly dark brown-green with a metallic appearance covered by light grey bloom, instronger sun, light grey-violet. Ribs flat 9-12(-14). Humps are hardly discernible on young and youngmature plants. Very old forms can develop clearly discernible humps. These old forms are notmentioned in the first description. Areoles mostly with 7, occasionally 9 dark spines, mostlyincarnadine or brown-rose coloured. Fruits are mostly olive green to brown-pink depending on thecolour of the receptacle. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 4 Fig. 1: Distribution map of G. nataliae, type locality, significant populations fit the description, G. nataliae aff. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 5 One significant population colonizes granitoid elevation (abundant of quartz and white-rose feldspar)near Arroyo Guanaco Pampa W of San Isidro at an altitude of 930 msm (fig. 2-9).Fig. 2-6: G. nataliae, Tom 203, Arroyo Guanaco Pampa, W of San Isidro, 930 msm. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 6 Fig. 7-8: G. nataliae, Tom 203, Arroyo Guanaco Pampa, W of San Isidro, 930 msm.Fig. 9: G. nataliae, Tom 203, Arroyo Guanaco 10Pampa, W of San Isidro, 930 msm. Fig. 10: G. lukasikii spp. emilii at the same place.The next typical population occupies a flat slope not so far from the type locality, a few kilometres NWof San Isidro by Ruta 6, altitude 945 msm (figs.11-19). Plants very well match the description. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 7 Fig.11-14: G. nataliae, Tom 402, NW of San Isidro, Ruta 6, 945 msm. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 8 Fig.15-19: G. nataliae, Tom 402, NW of San Isidro, Ruta 6, 945 msm.On the way from La Sala towards the crossing with Ruta 6. More or less 5 km S of La Sala and 5 kmN of the type locality can be found another population of the typical form of G. nataliae. Habitat Tom397, 950 msm. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 9 G. ochoterenae G. nataliaeFig. 20-21: G. nataliae, Tom 397, habitat S of La Sala, 950 msm. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 10 Fig. 22-26: G. nataliae, Tom 397, S of La Sala, 950 msm. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 11 Fig. 27: G. nataliae, Tom 397, S of La Sala, 950 msm.Fig. 28: G. ochoterenae, S of La Sala, 950 msm. Fig. 29: G. nataliae, Tom 397, S of La Sala, 950 msm.Fig. 30: E. aurea at this habitat. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 12 Directly at this habitat can also be found G. ochoterenae which can be seen together with membersof the G. berchtii spec. group in their northern area of distribution. Another accompanying species,besides everywhere occurring O. sulphurea, is Echinopsis aurea.These three populations show the area corresponding to the typical plant form, from San Isidro areato the north of La Sala area (see map of distribution, fig. 1).More variable populations of G. nataliae can be seen on the north-western border of Pampa de SanMartin and more north-eastern side from the typical area by Cerro Plumerillo and Cerro Alsa. ThereG. nataliae can also be found in the close vicinity of G. sp. (sanluisense n.n aff.) and it is not out ofthe question that phenotypes could also be seen with combinations of characteristics of both species(e.g. Tom 09-399, fig. 43-44.; Tom 09-396, fig. 45-51; Tom 09-394, fig. 53-57). Sometimes it isdifficult to distinguish them. This could be caused by exchange of genes on the border of differentbiocenoses or is it only wide variability? Such findings can be also demonstrated in the case ofG. morroense which will be discussed in the next issue.The plants in populations of G. nataliae in the area of Liberador General San Martin are morevariable in such characteristics as flowers, fruits and spines. One of such populations can be seen onthe flat slopes of Pampa de San Martin, near Estancia La Noria, altitude 960 msm (fig. 31-41). Plantscolonize steppe biocenoses on pegmatitic granitoid rocks abundant in white-rose feldspar and quartz.In this population variability in the colour of the receptacle from olive green to very dark plum bluehave been studied. The colour of the spines varies from light-rose to dark blood red and variabilityalso can be seen in the length of spines and their arrangement. Sometimes with the occurrence ofone central spine. Some plants‘ appearance can correspond with characteristics of G. morroense(see fig. 36), mostly mature plants have 5-7 spines. This finding can be also seen in somepopulations occurring in the eastern area of the group from Rincon del Carmen to the east, e.g. in thearea W of Concaran (see population near Los Lobos, MM 730, presented in the preceding issue).Here are presented plants from two habitats near Cerro Plumerillo (figs. 45-57). Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 13 Fig. 31-35: G. nataliae, Tom 400, Pampa de San Martin, Est. La Noria, 960 msm. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 14 Fig. 36-40: G. nataliae, Tom 400, Pampa de San Martin, Est. La Noria, 960 msm. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 15 Fig. 41: G. nataliae, Tom 400, Fig. 42: G. lukasikii ssp. emilii at this habitat.Pampa de San Martin, Est. La Noria, 960 msm.Fig. 43-44: G. sp. (nataliae aff.), Tom 399, San Martin - Digue La Huertita, 995 msm. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 16 Fig. 45-47: G. nataliae aff., Tom 396, La Cienaga - La Casilla, 913 msm. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 17 52Fig. 48-51: G. nataliae aff., Tom 396, La Cienaga - La Casilla, 913 msm.Fig. 52: G. lukasikii ssp. emilii (here 10 cm in diameter) at this habitat. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 18 Fig. 53-57: G. nataliae aff., Tom 394, N of Est. Maria del Carmen, 880 msm. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 19 Fig. 58: G. sp. ? and Fig. 59: G. ochoterenae at this habitat.The last three populations I would like to show here have been studied in the lower part of Sierra delMorro and Sierra del Yulto. Lithological, this southern area of the Conlara metamorphic complex hasalmost not been covered by plutonic rocks as it is in northern area, but igneous rocks (see geologicalmaps in the preceding issue). These populations can be classified in the area of G. morroense andprobably belong to it, but many characteristics are related to G. nataliae. The epidermis is mostlydark brown with a metallic appearance, covered by a slight bloom, in stronger sunlight grey-violet.Spines mostly 7 (Sa. del Morro) or 5 straight (Sa. del Yulto), light brown to red-brown. Plants are alsodifferentiated by their bigger size and old form with humps. In populations of G. nataliae theepidermis of ripe fruit can be seen changing to a brown-rose colour (fig. 65). This characteristic couldalso be studied at these habitats. As accompanying Cactaceae could only be found a small form ofG. borthii (or G. lukasikii ssp. emilii?).Briefly it should be said that mentioned characteristics of G. nataliae and G. morroense (colour ofepidermis and spines, spine arrangement on the areoles, colour of fruits) are occurring tessellated inthe area of both taxa, depending on the shared cenosis.The next instalment will deal with G. morroense. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 20 Fig. 60: Localities of interspecific populations of G. morroense - G. nataliae by Sa. del Morro and Sa.del Yulto Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 21 Fig. 61-65: G. nataliae - morroense aff., Tom 413, La Toma ĺ/RV0RULOORV PVP Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 22 Fig. 66-68: G. nataliae - morroense aff., Tom 413, La Toma ĺ/RV0RULOORV PVP Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 23 Fig. 69-73: G. nataliae - morroense aff., Tom 419, Sierra del Yulto, Coronel Alzogaray, 750 msm. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 24 Fig. 74-75: G. nataliae - morroense aff., Tom 419, Sierra del Yulto, Coronel Alzogaray, 750 msm.Fig. 76-78: G. nataliae - morroense aff., Tom 422, Sierra del Yulto, Est. San Antonio, 740 msm. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 25 Fig. 79-82: G. nataliae - morroense aff., Tom 422, Sierra del Yulto, Est. San Antonio, 740 msm.To be continued. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 26 Gymnocalycium of the subgenus Gymnocalycium with naked,black seedsThomas StrubHölzlistrasse 23, CH-4102 Binningen (Basel, Switzerland)e-mail: [email protected]. The main subject of the annual meeting of the Working Group GYMNOS (Niftrik, 3-5September 2010) was about the subgenus Gymnocalycium with seeds whose testa is notcovered with a brownish film. This article provides a summary of the presentation given.1. IntroductionThe aim of this article is the presentation of the First Descriptions and plants of the subgenusGymnocalycium that have naked, black seeds.In addition, the distribution area of these plants, similarities and differences based on the followingcriteria will be shown: • the appearance (habit) of the plants, • the structure of the flowers and the seeds, • the flowering period of plants in culture.Both, the appearance of the plants and the characteristics of the flowers are dependent on externalconditions (e.g. climate and soil). However, the seeds are much less influenced by externalconditions and hence are much more stable in their structure and appearance.Consequently, seed criteria are best qualified to indicate relationships between plants.Differences of seeds within subgenus Gymnocalycium: • Testa of seed is naked, black = seed with no cuticula (not covered with brownish film). • Testa of seed is fully or partially covered with a brownish film. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 27 Fig. 1: Example of naked, black seeds: Fig. 2: Example of non-naked, black seeds:TS 121 – Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. TS 002 – Gymnocalycium spec.huettneri (San Pedro Norte) (Almafuerte – North of Berrotáran)2. First descriptions2.1 Historical overview of the first descriptions relating to the taxon Gymnocalycium capillenseName of the taxon Year of Indication of location Type-Record publicationEchinocactus capillensis Schick spec. nov. 1923 Córdoba, HT 54 1923 Capilla del Monte (Import Fechser)Echinocactus sigelianus Schick spec. nov. 1926 Córdoba, HT 58 1938 Capilla del Monte HT 3501Gymnocalycium capillensis (Schick) 1943 Córdoba,Hosseus 2003 Capilla del MonteGymnocalycium capillaense (Schick) Córdoba,Oehme comb. nov. 2003 Capilla del MonteGymnocalycium deeszianum Dölzspec. nov. 2003 -Gymnocalycium capillense (Schick)Hosseus var. capillense (Schick) H. Till 2003 Córdoba,Gymnocalycium capillense (Schick) Capilla del MonteHosseus var. sigelianum (Schick) H. Tillcomb. et stat. nov. Eastern slopes of theGymnocalycium capillense var. sigelianum Sierra Chicafa. deeszianum (Dölz) H. Till comb. et stat.nov. Eastern slopes of theGymnocalycium capillense (Schick) Sierra ChicaHosseus var. mucidum (Oehme) H. Till,comb. et stat. nov. South of the Sierra de Guasapampa Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 28 2.2 Historical overview of the first descriptions relating to Gymnocalycium parvulum /calochlorumName of the taxon Year of Indication of location Type-Record publication - -Echinocactus platensis Speg. v. parvula Speg.var. nov. 1905Gymnocalycium parvulum (Speg.) Speg. = 1925 sierra de San Luis -Echinocactus platensis Speg. v. parvula Speg.Echinocactus calochlorus Böd. spec. nov. 1932 North-Western Argentina - Prov. Córdoba, Argentina -Echinocactus prolifer Bckbg. spec. nov. 1932 1936 --Gymnocalycium proliferum (Bckbg.) Bckbg. 1952comb. nov. 1959 --Gymnocalycium calochlorum (Böd.) Yto Prov. Córdoba, Argentina -Gymnocalycium calochlorum v. proliferum(Bckbg.) Bckbg. comb. nov.Gymnocalycium parvulum (Speg.)Speg. 1994 Villa San Luis (CórdobaBasionym: Echinocactus platensis Speg. v. West)parvula Speg. Syn: Gymnocalycium proliferumBckbg. Syn: Gymnocalycium calochlorum v.proliferum (Bckbg.)Gymnocalycium quehlianum subsp. 2007 - -leptanthum var. calochlorum (Böd.) H. Till &Amerhauser stat. et comb. nov. Las Palmas Till 88-199 Las Palmas Till 88-199Gymnocalycium parvulum (Speg.) Speg. var. 1994 Las Palmas Till 88-199amoenum H. Till var. nov. 2002 Ojo de Agua Be 00-175/752 2008Gymnocalycium amoenum (H. Till) Lambert 2010stat. nov.Gymnocalycium parvulum (Speg.) Speg.subsp. amoenum (H. Till) F. Berger stat. nov.Gymnocalycium parvulum (Speg.) Speg.subsp. agnesiae F. Berger subsp. nov.2.3 General comments related to the first descriptions • The brief descriptions established in the 18th and early 19th century were sufficient for the differentiation from the few other known plants of the genus Gymnocalycium. • Considering the latest standards, many of the first descriptions are incomplete and less meaningful. • For many of the species no type material was deposited and no exact location was indicated. • Later botanists tried to prove what plants may match with the species described in the first descriptions. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 29 2.4 Specific comments with regard to Gymnocalycium parvulumIn particular the interpretation related to Gymnocalycium parvulum seems to be problematic.First description of Echinocactus platensis var. parvulaSpegazzini C. (1905): Cactacearum Platensium Tentamen. - Anales Museo Nàcional Buenos Aires.3(4), 504-505.Body elongated globose, small to very small, (10-30 mm in diameter and height) dirty greyish-green;ribs often 13, straight, with flat humps; spines 5-7, stiff, strong, flexible, adpressed. (2-4 mm long),greyish-white, all radiating; flowers erect, larger than the plant, (45-60 mm long), flower tube thin,petals white, moderately long.Amended first description (Gymnocalycium parvulum)Spegazzini C. (1925): Nuevas Notas Cactológicas. – Anales Sociedad Cientifica Argentina. 141.Gymnocalycium parvulum Speg. = Echinocactus platensis Speg. v. parvula Speg.Habitat: in very rocky and dry hills of the sierra de San Luis“Having carefully reviewed my notes, and descriptions of this species, I am convinced that it is not avariety of Gymnocalycium platense Speg., even though it is associated with, and closely resemblesthe external characteristics of Gymnocalycium platense. It is a good distinct species because of thefollowing characteristics of the flowers: It differs by having uniform and clearly distinct scales, thestyle terminating in 10-12 stigma lobes and being much shorter. Also it differs in the way the stigmalobes project beyond the lower series of anthers, but only reach the filaments of the outer stamens.”Interpretation by Hans Till:Based on the first description and amended first descriptions of C. Spegazzini, Hans Till hasconcluded that plants from the area of Villa San Luis (Prov. Córdoba, close to Panaholma) matchGymnocalycium parvulum with the following main reasons: • Spegazzini has indicated the location ‘sierra de San Luis’ in non capital letters. Hans Till concluded that it is not equal to the ‘Sierra de San Luis’ in the province of San Luis as no similar plants grow there, but that it must be the place named Villa San Luis in western province Córdoba. • The criteria of the plants described as Gymnocalycium parvulum best match the plants of the region of Villa San Luis. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 30 3. Plants with naked, black seedsThe first challenge was to identify what plants of the subgenus Gymnocalycium have naked, blackseeds. It is common knowledge that the seeds of Gymnocalycium parvulum, calochlorum andcapillense are naked and black. But what is the colour and structure of the seeds of plants wheretheir distribution area is connected and where the appearance of the plants is similar to the ones withnaked, black seeds? What is the seed structure of the plants that have been described as subspeciesor varieties of the plants with naked, black seeds?To provide clarification of the above questions, the seeds of the following species have beenexamined:3.1 Species where type material has been deposited:Species Field Number of TypeGymnocalycium capillense HT 54Gymnocalycium capillense var. sigelianum HT 58Gymnocalycium capillense var. mucidum HT 3501Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenum STO 88-199Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. huettneri Be 03-351/1693Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. agnesiae Be 00-175/752Gymnocalycium robustum *) FK 120*) Gymnocalycium robustum was considered, because Till & Amerhauser have associated Gymnocalycium calochlorumwith the taxon of Gymnocalycium robustum.3.2 Species where no type material has been deposited:SpeciesGymnocalycium calochlorumGymnocalycium parvulum3.3 Species that have been additionally considered:SpeciesGymnocalycium gertiiGymnocalycium affineGymnocalycium capillense aff. (from distribution area north of Berrotáran)Material originating from HT (Hans Till) field numbers is not common in the collections. This is alsotrue for FK 120 (Ferrari/Kiesling) that is not widespread in European collections.To enable comparison between the different species with plants sharing the identical distributionarea, ‘pseudo types’ have been designated, when no ‘type material’ was available. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 31 4. Preliminary investigationsTo identify which species have naked, black seeds, the following plants have been selected forpreliminary investigations.Species Location Plants selected for comparison:calochlorum Villa Carlos Paz SH 9001capillense Capilla del Monte SH 9205capillense var. mucidum Las Palmas GN 91-383/1281parvulum Villa Cura Brochero P 109bparvulum subsp. agnesiae Ojo de Agua Be 00-175/752parvulum subsp. amoenum Las Palmas STO 90-199parvulum subsp. huettneri San Pedro Norte Be 03-351/1693robustum Quilino VS 139gertii Loma Bola STO 92-521spec. Sauce Punco LB 1134affine Pozo del Tigre GN 91-431/1396spec. Almafuerte TS 002 Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 32 4.1 Plants without naked, black seedsFig. 3-6: Gymnocalycium capillense var. mucidum GN 91-383/1281 (Las Palmas)Gymnocalycium capillense var. mucidum does not possess naked, black seeds. Since the seeds arebest qualified to indicate relationships between plants, the association as subspecies toGymnocalycium capillense is herewith rejected.The plants referenced as Gymnocalycium capillense var. mucidum seem to belong to the variabletaxon of Gymnocalycium gaponii. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 33 Fig. 7-10: Gymnocalycium affine GN 91-431/1396 (Pozo del Tigre)The appearance of Gymnocalycium affine is vaguely reminiscent of the habit of the plants discussedin this article and it also tends to freely produce offsets. But Gymnocalycium affine does not possessnaked, black seeds and is therefore not investigated any further.Gymnocalycium affine seems to belong to the taxon of Gymnocalycium robustum sensu lato.Fig. 11-12: Gymnocalycium spec. Sauce Punco LB 1134 (Sauce Punco) Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 34 Fig. 13-14: Gymnocalycium spec. Sauce Punco LB 1134 (Sauce Punco)Gymnocalycium spec. Sauce Punco has been selected for comparison as the plants produce offsetsand the appearance of the plants looks similar to Gymnocalycium parvulum.However, it does not possess naked, black seeds and hence is disregarded as not associated withthe taxa investigated in this article.Gymnocalycium spec. Sauce Punco seems to belong to the taxon Gymnocalycium erinaceum sensulato.Fig. 15-16: Gymnocalycium gertii STO 92-521 (Loma Bola) Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 35 Fig. 17-18: Gymnocalycium gertii STO 92-521 (Loma Bola)Gymnocalycium gertii appears to be very similar to Gymnocalycium parvulum that has its distributionarea north of Loma Bola.However, in contrast to Gymnocalycium parvulum, Gymnocalycium gertii remains solitary and itsseeds have no black and naked testa.Gymnocalycium gertii seems to have enough specific characteristics to be considered as a separatespecies. Further detailed investigations in the field and culture need to be conducted to betterunderstand this taxon.Fig. 19-20: Gymnocalycium spec. TS 002 (Almafuerte)Gymnocalycium spec. Almafuerte located north of Berrotáran is similar in appearance to the speciesdiscussed in this article.However, it remains solitary and does not possess black and naked seeds and hence is notconsidered further in this article.A close relationship to Gymnocalycium sutterianum (growing east and west of the Sierra deComechingones) is likely. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 36 Fig. 21-24: Gymnocalycium robustum VS 139 (Quilino)Gymnocalycium robustum does not possess naked, black seeds. As a consequence of this therelationship to Gymnocalycium calochlorum is not acknowledged.4.2 Species further investigated in this articleThe preliminary investigations have proven that the following species have naked, black seeds:SpeciesGymnocalycium calochlorumGymnocalycium capillenseGymnocalycium parvulum• Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. parvulum• Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. agnesiae• Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenum• Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. huettneriGymnocalycium capillense var. sigelianum is not further investigated since only minor differencesfrom Gymnocalycium capillense var. capillense exist. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 37 Even though Gymnocalycium parvulum is a name of uncertain application, Gymnocalycium parvulumis used to better differentiate the plants growing west of the Sierra Grande de Córdoba (area of MinaClavero) from Gymnocalycium calochlorum growing to the southeast of the Sierra Grande deCórdoba.The name Gymnocalycium calochlorum is used as its relation to the taxon Gymnocalycium robustumcould not be confirmed.4.4 Distribution area of the plants investigated The distribution area of the plants identified as having naked, black seeds is restricted to the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The related species can be found west and east of the Sierra Grande de Córdoba. Further distribution areas are located in the Sierra Chica de Córdoba and its sierras to the north (e.g. Sierra de Ischilin, Sierra de Ambargasta). In addition, plants possessing naked, black seeds can be found in the area of Tanti and Villa Carlos Paz down to Villa Ciudad de America.Fig. 25: General map of distribution of the investigated area Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 38 5. Gymnocalycium calochlorum5.1 Overview of the distribution area of Gymnocalycium calochlorum Fig. 26: Map of distribution of Gymnocalycium calochlorumThe distribution area of the species Gymnocalycium calochlorum is restricted from the area of Tantito south of Villa Carlos Paz.To the north of the distribution area of Gymnocalycium calochlorum, representatives of the taxonGymnocalycium capillense grow. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 39 5.2 Detailed distribution area of Gymnocalycium calochlorumFig. 27: Detailed distribution area of Gymnocalycium calochlorum The red circle represents the location of SH 9001, the plant selected for comparison with theother species investigated. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 40 5.3 Presentation of Gymnocalycium calochlorumFig. 28-31: Gymnocalycium calochlorum SH 9001 (Villa Carlos Paz)The plants of the species Gymnocalycium calochlorum at the most northern and most southernlocations are identical in their appearance. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 41 Fig. 32-33: Gymnocalycium calochlorum LB 979 (Tanti)Fig. 34-35: Gymnocalycium calochlorum aff. WP 04-447/864 (San Antonio de Arredondo)5.4 Flowering period in culture (Basel, year 2010)Field Number S pe cie s Loca tion He ight April May June July AugustJo 878.02 ca lochlorum Ta nti 855mLB 0979 ca lochlorum Ta nti 710mLB 0983 ca lochlorum Ta nti 950mSH 9001 ca lochlorum Villa Carlos PazSTO 88-190 ca lochlorum Ta nti 900mFig. 36: Flowering period of Gymnocalycium calochlorum in culture (Basel, year 2010)Gymnocalycium calochlorum has its main flowering period in culture in June. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 42 6. Gymnocalycium parvulum6.1 Overview of the distribution area of Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. parvulum Fig. 37: Map of distribution of Gymnocalycium parvulumGymnocalycium parvulum is located west of the Sierra Grande de Córdoba, distinctly separated fromits subspecies (amoenum, agnesiae, huettneri). Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 43 6.2 Detailed distribution area of Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. parvulumFig. 38: Detailed distribution area of Gymnocalycium parvulum The red circle represents the location of P 109b, the plant selected for comparison with theother taxa concerned. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 44 6.3 Presentation of Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. parvulumFig. 39-42: Gymnocalycium parvulum P 109b (Villa Cura Brochero)The plants of the species parvulum growing across its whole distribution area do not differconsiderably.Fig. 43-44: Gymnocalycium parvulum STO 88-214 (Nono) Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 45 Fig. 45-46: Gymnocalycium parvulum BKS 95-171 (Ciénaga de Allende)Fig. 47-48: Gymnocalycium parvulum P 109a (Las Rabonas)6.4 Flowering period in culture (Basel, year 2010)Field Number S pe ci e s Loca ti on He i ght April May June July AugustBKS 95/171 pa rvul umDJF 366 pa rvul um Ciénaga del Allende 980mFR 0440 pa rvul umJL 109 pa rvul um Mina Clavero 1'100-1'200mLB 1357 pa rvul umP 109 pa rvul um Las RabonasP 109a pa rvul umP 109b pa rvul um Nono - Mina Clavero, San90S0embastianSTO 88-214 pa rvul umSTO 88-218 pa rvul um Pozo del Algarrobo 1000mSTO 90-413/1 pa rvul umSTO 94-874 pa rvul um Nono 1000mSTO 94-875 pa rvul umSTO 97-1372 pa rvul um Las Rabonas 900mWO 062 pa rvul um Villa Cura Brochero 1'000m Nono 950m Mina Clavero 1'100m Mina Clavero Mina Clavero 1'150m Villa Cura Brochero 950m Nono NonoFig. 49: Flowering period of Gymnocalycium parvulum in culture (Basel, year 2010)Gymnocalycium parvulum has its main flowering period in culture in June and July. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 46 7. Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenum7.1 Overview of the distribution area of Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenum Fig. 50: Map of distribution of Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenumGymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenum grows in the Sierra de Pocho. Its distribution area mayextend further to the south (Ambul). However, the standing of the plants located in Ambul is notentirely clear. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 47 7.2 Detailed distribution area of Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenumFig. 51: Detailed distribution area of Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenum The red circle represents the type location of STO 88-199. Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 48 7.3 Presentation of Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenumFig. 52-55: Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenum STO 88-199 (Las Palmas)The plants of the species Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenum across its complete distributionarea do not particularly vary.Fig. 56-57: Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenum LB 1002 (La Mudana) Schütziana 2(2011)1 p. 49
