East African Bryophytes IV. Danish Collections

Oikos Editorial Office

East African Bryophytes IV. Danish CollectionsAuthor(s): M. Bizot, I. Friis, J. Lewinsky and T. PócsSource: Lindbergia, Vol. 4, No. 3/4 (1978), pp. 259-284Published by: Oikos Editorial OfficeStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20149298 .

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Lindbergia 4: 259-284

East African bryophytes IV. Danish collections

M. Bizot1, I. Friis2, J. Lewinsky3 and T. Pocs4 1Facult? des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques,

Laboratoire de Botanique et de Cryptogamie, 7 Bd. Jeanne d'Arc,

Dijon Cedex 21033, France.

institute of Systematic Botany, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 140, DK - 1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark.

3Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen,

Gothersgade 130, DK - 1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark, and

4Botanical Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Science, H - 2163 V?cr?t?t, Hungary

Abstract. During the years 1970?75 Danish botanists collected bryophytes at 14 locali ties in Ethiopia, 18 in Kenya, and 6 in Tanzania. Comments are given on the geography, climate and vegetation of these sites. An annotated list of 307 species, 96 liverworts and 211 mosses, is given. 62 are new to Ethiopia, 23 to Kenya and 22 to Tanzania. The new records support the supposition that the Ethiopian Highlands belong to the Afromontane

chorological region, complete the picture of afroalpine and afrosubalpine species, and

supply new records of Madagascar - Mascarene (Lemurian) elements. Disjunct occur

rences of Garckea comosa and Aongstroemia julacea are reported. Two new species, Diaphanodon friisii Bizot & Lewinsky sp. nov. and Wijkiella kenyae Bizot & Lewinsky gen. et sp. nov. are described and illustrated.

Pe3K>Me. B TeêHHe 1970-75 toaob ?aTCKHe ?oTamiKH co?npajiH 6pHo<J)HTbi b 14 Mecrax 3(J)HonHH, 18 b Kchhh h 6 b Taroainra. ?JaioTCH KOMMeHTapHH othocht.

reorpa(j)HH, KjiHMaTa h BereTanim flamibix MecT. /la?Tca aHHOTHpOBaHHbi? cnncoK

307 BHAOB, 96 nen?HOHHHKOB h 211 mxob. 62 H3 hhx hbjijuotch hobbimh ?jih 3(j)HonHH, 23 -

fljifl KeHHH h 22 - ajih TaroaHHH. 3th HOBbie ?jaHHbie noflaepHCHBaioT npemio

jioacemie, hto 3(j)HoncKoe Haropbe npHHaAJieacHT k a4)poropHOMy xopojiorHêcKOMy pa?oHy, coBepmeHCTByioT KapTHHy a<J)poajibnHHCKHx h a$pocy6ajibnnHCKHx bhôb, h BOcnonHHioT HOBbie flaHHbie o MaflaracKapo-MacKapeHCKHx (neMypCKHx) ajieMeH TOB. Coo?inaeTCfl 06 OTflenbHO BCTpenaiomnxca Garckea comosa h Aongstroemia julacea. OnncaHbi h HJunocTpHpOBaHbi #Ba hobmx BHAa, Diaphanodon friisii Bizot &

Lewinsky sp. nov. h Wijkiella keenyae Bizot & Lewinsky gen. et sp. nov.

Introduction

During the years 1970-1975 several Danish

expeditions collected bryophytes in East Afri

ca, i.e. in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania.

These collections were partly made by non-bryologists as by-products of other re

search projects, and partly by bryologists interested in the geography and taxonomy of

particular genera. Consequently the major

part of the collections were stored undeter

mined at the Botanical Museum of Copen

hagen, until Drs. M. Bizot and T. P?cs kindly undertook to identify the specimens. This re

suited in a list of species representing 96 liverworts and 211 mosses. Many of these re

present new records for the area concerned, some are new to East Africa, and some are

rare species which have only been collected a few times previously. A considerable number of the collecting localities are more northern and western than the collecting localities of

Poes, Faden, Jones, Mabberley, Ryvarden,

Agnew and other collectors whose collections

have been dealt with in earlier parts of the series East African Bryophytes. The Danish collections thus form a natural complement to

these.

259



M. Bizot, I. Friis, J. Lewinsky & T. P?cs

The present paper reports on the following

expeditions: 1. ?The study tour to East Afri

ca, 1970?, arranged by the natural history-ge

ographical subject group, University of Co

penhagen. During this tour K. Rasmussen and

W. Esbensen collected approximately 175

specimens in Kenya and Tanzania. 2. Two ex

peditions to Ethiopia in the years 1970 and

1972-73, arranged by the Institute of System atic Botany, University of Copenhagen. The

main purpose of these expeditions was to

study the vascular plants of the south-western

forests. I. Friis took part in both expeditions, on the first accompanied by A. Hounde and

K. Jakobsen, on the second by G. Aweke, F.

Rasmussen and K. Vollesen. The collections

made during these two trips number c. 80 and

140 respectively. 3. In 1974 a mainly zoologi cal expedition focused on the lowland rainfor

est at Amani, Usambara Mts. Two botanists,

J. Baagoe and K. Vollesen, collected about

170 bryophytes during this tour. 4. I. Friis, in

1975, made a collecting trip to Kenya, and

although the main purpose was a study of the

evergreen forest c. 125 specimens were col

lected. 5. Finally J. Lewinsky took part in an excursion to Kenya and Tanzania arranged by the Danish Natural History Society during

December 1975 and January 1976. 300 bry ophytes were brought back from this trip.

During the five years a total of 38 localities have been visited, 14 in Ethiopia, 18 in Kenya and 6 in northern Tanzania. They are listed

below with information on geographic longi tude and latitude, collectors, collecting date

and habitat in the section ?Vegetation and

collecting localities?. The physical geography of the areas is described separately.

Geographical features

The area of Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania, in

which the collections have been made, is the

major upland area of Africa, with consider

able parts above 2000 m. The uplands are all

more or less continuous at the 1500 m level,

the only major gap being between the Kenyan Uplands and the Ethiopian Plateau. The area lies astride the Equator from 5?S to 8?N. The

collecting localities are, with only three ex

ceptions, placed in upland environments

above 1500 m.

The extent of the upland areas appears from the map (Fig. 1) which also gives an idea of the general relief. The highest peaks are: in SW. Ethiopia Mt. Gughe (4 200 m); in Kenya

Mt. Elgon (4300 m), Cherangani Hills

(Chemnirot, 3 600 m), Aberdare Range (sev eral peaks, c. 3 900 m), Mt. Kenya (5 200 m), Chyulu Mts. (c. 2 200 m), Taita Hills (c. 2 200

m); and in Tanzania Mt. Kilimanjaro (5 800

m), Mt. Meru (4 500 m), and the Usambara Mts. (c. 2 200 m).

The massifs are mainly of volcanic origin, and originated during the Tertiary in connec

tion with the formation of the Rift Valley. The rock of these massifs is basaltic, e.g. on the

Ethiopian Plateau with a few exceptions (see below), on Mt. Elgon, the Aberdare Range, the plateau land around Nairobi, Chyulu Mts,

Mt. Kilimanjaro, and Mt. Meru. Other massifs

are much older and consist of crystalline rock,

e.g. the Cherangani Hills, Taita Hills, and the Usambara Mts. Crystalline rock is also found

on the western slope of the Ethiopian high land, where it is exposed in the deep river

gorges.

Climate

Three main regions of rainfall are discernable in East Africa and SW. Ethiopia, as it appears from Walter & Lieth (1960-67) and Lind &

Morrison (1974). Over much of Kenya and in northern Tanzania there are two rainy sea

sons, one from March to May, which is the

longest and wettest, and a shorter and drier

one from mid-October to December. In the

western part of the Kenyan Uplands the main

rainy season continues from April to July or

August, and further north the rainy seasons

Fig. 1. Geographical position of localities visited by Danish collectors. The numbers refer to the list of localities.

260



East African Bryophytes IV. Danish collections

261




Station Lati tude

Longi tude

Ait. Mean ann. rain mm

ETHIOPIA

Gore

Jimma

8?09'N

7?39'N

35?32'E

36?50'E

2130

1740

2002

1534

Geccha

Bonga

7?29'N

7?13'N

35?20'E

36?17'E

2200 | 2186

1725 i 1690

KENYA

Kitale

Eldoret

1?02'N

0?31'N

35?00'E

35?16'E

1896

2092

1140

1029

Kisumu

Kericho

0?06'S

0?22'S

34?45'E

35?17'E

1149

2042

1214

1816

Kabete

Nairobi

1?15'S

1?17'S

36?44'E

36?49'E

1820

1675

958

871

Wundanyi

Mombasa

3?24'S

4?03'S

38?21'E

39?40'E

1322

16

TANZANIA

Moshi

Ama ni

3?21'S

5 ? 06'S

37?20'E

38?38'E

815

911

1460

1201

1031

1943

Table 1. Rainfall data from selected stations. Gore

is near loe. 1-7, (Fig. 1), Jimma is near loe. 8-11, Geccha is just south of loe. 5-6, Bonga is at loc. 14, and near 12-13. Kitale is between loc. 15-18 and

19-21, Eldoret is near loc. 22, Kisumo and Kericho are near loc. 21, Kabete is near loc. 23, Nairobi is near loc. 24 and 25, Wundanyi is near loc. 28-31,

Mombasa is near loc. 26 and 32. No station is found near loc. 27. The loc. 33-afroalpine type of climate

is described by Hedberg (1964), the rainfall at low er altitudes on the west side of Mt. Kilimanjaro is: at

3000 m 1170 mm, at 4000 m 920 mm. No data has

been available from loc. 37. Amani is the center

from which all collections on loc. 38 have been

made.

merge almost completely. In SW. Ethiopia there is a rainy season from May to October.

The counterpart of this northern regime is

found in central and southern Tanzania,

where the rainy season starts in November

and lasts to April. The available data for sta

tions in the proximity of the collecting locali

ties are listed in Table 1. However, the rainfall is largely controlled by the relief, and as a rule the eastern side of the mountain is wetter than

the western, with exceptions around Lake

Victoria and in SW. Ethiopia, where the west

262

ern side is usually the wettest. The rainfall is

assumed to increase up to an altitude of be

tween 2500 and 3000 m, depending on local

conditions, after which there is a decline to

wards higher altitudes.

All the collecting localities are within the

tropical zone, and the yearly variation in tem

perature is negliable. In the low coastal belt

the mean annual temperature is about 27? C,

with a mean annual range of about 4? C. A

study of the decrease of temperature with al

titude in different environments has been made by P?cs (1976). According to this study

the mean annual temperature decreases about

10? C with c. 2000 m increase in altitude, but the decrease is 3-4? C higher in more oceanic

climate indicated by dense forest, and around

Lake Victoria the method is not applicable.

Vegetation and collecting localities

The majority of the collecting localities are

situated in upland rain forest or upland dry evergreen forest, some are in riverine forest,

and one (No. 33) is in afro-alpine vegetation. The vegetation of the individual localities is

very diverse, and a summary description of

the individual localities is given below. For a

general description of the vegetation of East

Africa, see Lind & Morrison (1974). The ter

minology of the vegetation in the present ac

count is in accordance with that of Greenway

(1973).

I.Ethiopia, Illubabor Province: N. of Nopa Vil

lage on the road to Gabba Bridge. (8?27'N, 35?37'E; c. 1300 m). Friis, Hounde & Jakobsen;

Dec. 6,1970. Upland rain forest on crystalline rock.

Terrain sloping towards Gabba River. Common trees are Albizia schimperiana, Millettia ferruginea,

Celtis africana, Ficus exasperata, etc. Lianas and

vascular epiphytes not common.

2. Ethiopia, Illubabor Province: At Gabba River, 33 km N. of Metu. (8?27'N, 35?37'E; c. 1200 m). Friis, Aweke, Rasmussen & Vollesen; Dec. 15, 1972. Riverine forest on crystalline rock along

Gabba River. Ficus valis-choudae, Syzygium gui?? ense, Eugenia bukobense, etc., are common trees.

Some lianas and vascular epiphytes, including

Rhipsalis baccifera.



3. Ethiopia, Illubabor Province: 10 km E. of Ya

iyo on the road to Bedelle. (8?20'N, 35?45'E; 1500

m). Friis, Aweke, Rasmussen & Vollesen; Dec. 26, 1972. Rolling hills of crystalline rock. Forested, but the forest is now mostly cleared for coffee planta tions or fields. Many small rivers with a riverine

type of forest which differs slightly from the upland rain forest of the valley slopes. Common trees are

Aningeria adolfl-friedericii (emergent), Blighia unijugata, Cassipouria malosana, Ficus sur, etc. (tall trees), Lepidotrichilia volkensii, Teclea nobilis, etc.

(small trees). Mimusops kummel (tall tree) is com mon along the rivers. Many lianas and vascular

epiphytes.

4. Ethiopia, Illubabor Province: 32 km E. of Ya

iyo on the road to Bedelle. (8?20'N, 35?55'E; c.

1500 m). Friis, Aweke, Rasmussen & Vollesen; Dec. 27, 1972. Same vegetation as on loc. 3.

5. Ethiopia, Illubabor Province: 25 km S. of Gore on the road to Teppi. (8?04'N, 35?30'E; 1700 m). Friis, Aweke, Rasmussen & Vollesen; Dec. 19, 1972. Uplandrain forest on Tertiary lava. Semi

mature secondary forest with Aningeria adolfi friedericii (emergent), and well developed upper canopy with Polyscias fulva, Pygeum africanum,

Albizia schimperiana, Sapium ellipticum, Crot?n

macrostachyus, Euphorbia obovalifolia, Macaranga kilimandscharica, Mitragyna rubrostipulata, etc. A shrub layer is developed. Along brooklets tree ferns

{Cyathea manniana), and large herbs on the forest floor (e.g. large ferns as Marattia fraxinea). Lianas and vascular epiphytes abundant.

6. Ethiopia, Illubabor Province: 34 km S. of Gore on the road to Teppi. (8?00'N, 35?27'E; 1750 m). Friis, Aweke, Rasmussen & Vollesen; Dec. 17, 1972. Same vegetation as on loc. 5.

7. Ethiopia, Illubabor Province: About 1 km E. of Mattu on the road to Bedelle. (8?20'N, 35?35'E; 1530 m). Friis, Aweke, Rasmussen & Vollesen;

Dec. 18, 1972. Upland rain forest on Tertiary lava, now cleared and turned into a coffee plantation. A few trees from the original forest (often Albizia sp.) left as shade trees. Vascular epiphytes common, also on the coffee shrubs.

8. Ethiopia, Kaffa Province: SE of Folia, some 15 km N. of Ghibe Bridge on the road Jimma-Addis

Ababa. (7?52'N, 37? ll'E; 2000-2100 m). Friis, Hounde & Jakobsen; Dec. 2, 1970. Upland rain forest on Tertiary lava. Aningeria adolfi-freidericii is

present as an emergent. Generally the same floristic

composition as on loc. 5, but with less luxuriant

growth and poorer in species. Some Podocarpus gracilior present. Many lianas and vascular epi phytes.

9. Ethiopia, Kaffa Province: 1.5 km N. of Aro, on the road between Jimma and Agaro. (7?49'N, 36?45'E; 1700-1800 m). Friis, Hounde & Jakob


sen; Nov. 7, 1970. Upland rainforest on Tertiary lava. Now much cleared for coffee plantations, but

many canopy trees left from the natural forest as shade trees for the coffee: Albizia schimperiana,

Crot?n macrostachyus, etc. Few lianas, but many vascular epiphytes.

10. Ethiopia, Beletta Forest, some 40 km SW. of Jimma on the road to Bonga. (7?35'N, 36?38'E; 1950 m). Friis, Hounde & Jakobsen; Nov, 9-10, 1970. Upland rainforest on Tertiary lava. Semi

mature secondary forest with a few Aningeria adol

fi-friedericii present as ?mergents. A closed canopy well developed: Olea welwitschii, Pygeum africa num, Euphorbia obovalifolia, Polyscias fulva, Albi zia schimperiana, Albizia gummifera, etc. Small trees form a broken canopy: Allophylus abyssinicus,

Bersama abyssinica, Diphasia dainellii, etc. Under

growth of Dracaena afromontana, May tenus spp., Canthium sp., etc. Many lianas and vascular

epiphytes.

11. Ethiopia, Kaffa Province: Mt. Maigudo, NW.

exposed slope. (7?34'N, 37?21'E; 2000-2400 m). Friis, Hounde & Jakobsen; Nov. 27, 1970. Second

ary upland evergreen bushland on Tertiary lava.

Probably a type of vegetation derived from mon tane forest of Hagenia abyssinica and Hypericum spp., which still occurs as isolated individuals

together with tall specimens of Ilex mitis and

patches of the mountain bamboo {Arundinaria alpi na). Common shrubby species are Agauria salicifo lia, Erica arb?rea, Protea gaguedi, Hypericum quar tinianum, Myrsine africana, etc. The whole area is

very disturbed by man, and interspaced with fields and ensete-plantations.

12. Ethiopia, Kaffa Province: 10 km NE. of Bon

ga. (7?20'N, 36?12'E), c. 1750 m). Friis, Aweke, Rasmussen & Vollesen; Jan. 12, 1973. Upland rainforest on Tertiary lava. Semi-mature secondary forest with many emergent Aningeria adolfi-friede ricii on the slopes, but with almost pure stands of

Ocotea kenyensis on the ridges. Forest cut for coffee

plantations in many areas. Lianas and vascular

epiphytes common, the latter also very common on the coffee shrubs.

13. Ethiopia, Kaffa Province: 15 km W. of Bonga on the road to Shewa Ghimira. (7?15'N, 36?05'E; 1950 m). Friis, Aweke, Rasmussen & Vollesen; Jan. 13, 1973. Upland rain forest on Tertiary lava.

Secondary forest with Aningeria adolfi-friedericii rarely occurring as an emergent. Olea welwitschii common in the upper canopy, and Sapium ellipti cum and Apodytes dimidiata occurring in a broken lower canopy. Lianas and vascular epiphytes com

mon.

14. Ethiopia, Kaffa Province: Bonga, at waterfall near the Catholic Mission. (7?15'N, 36?15'E; 1850

m). Friis, Hounde & Jakobsen; Nov. 16-21, 1970,

263




and Friis, Aweke, Rasmussen & Vollesen; Jan.

7-10, 1973. Upland rainforest on Tertiary lava.

Secondary forest with rare emerging specimens of

Aningeria adolfi-friedericii. Olea welwitschii com mon in the canopy. Ocotea kenyensis in almost pure stands on the ridges, with a few Macaranga kili

mandscharica in a lower canopy. At the waterfall a

moisture-loving vegetation with a stand of the tree fern Cyathea manniana. Vegetation on the forest floor sparse, except along the paths, where dense

tangles of Rubus spp. occur. Lianas, epiphytes and vascular epiphytes common in the forest.

15. Kenya, K2, Turkana Province, West Suk

District: Cherangani Hills, just below Kapsangar. (1?16'N, 35?19'E, 2850 m). Friis; Apr. 17, 1975.

Upland dry evergreen forest on crystalline rock.

Emergent specimens of Juniperus procera up to 40 m tall. Other large trees which form a broken cano

py are: Pygeum africanum, Dombeya goetzenii, Olea africana, etc. Smaller trees: May tenus volken

sii, Nuxia congesta, Rapanea melanophloeos,

Scheffiera volkensii, Gnidia glauca, etc. Patches of

the mountain bamboo {Arundinaria alpina) are

common. The forest floor is covered with grass. Li anas and vascular epiphytes are rare. Cattle are put to graze in the forest.

16. Kenya, K2, Turkana Province, West Suk Dis trict: Cherangani Hills, along the watershed above

Kapsangar. (1?15'N, 35?20'E; 2950 m). Friis; Apr. 17, 1975. Secondary upland evergreen bushland on

crystalline rock, probably degraded from upland dry evergreen forest with Juniperus procera. Tall scrub

with much Faurea saligna, Gnidia glauca, Myrica

salicifolia, Rapanea melanophloeos, etc. Shrubby specimens of Erica arb?rea, Hypericum lanceola

tum, Myrsine africana, and young specimens of Ju

niperus procera are common. No vascular epiphytes or lianas. Low grass and sedge vegetation between the shrubs.

17. Kenya, K2, Turkana Province, West Suk District: Cherangani Hills, at brooklet between

Kaibibich and Kapsangar. (1?14'N, 35?18'E; 2650

m). Friis; Apr. 17, 1975. Open upland grassland, streamsides, and upland moor grassland on crystal line rock. The upland moor grassland in this area is

characterized by stands of the giant groundsel {Se necio johnstonii ssp. cheranganiensis) and a vegeta tion of grasses and sedges. Stemless rosette plants, such as Haplocarpha rueppellii, are also common.

18. Kenya, K2, Turkana Province, West Suk

District: Cherangani Hills, below Kaibibich.

(1?12'N, 35?17'E; 2600 m). Friis; Apr. 16, 1975.

Upland rain forest on crystalline rock. No ?mer

gents, but Podocarpus milanjianus, Ilex mitis and

Afrocrania volkensii are common tall trees. A large number of middle-sized trees are common: Agauria

salicifolia, Faurea saligna, Hagenia abyssinica, Nuxia congesta, Olea africana, Olinia rochetiana,

264

Pittosporum cf. lanatum, Rapanea melanophloeos and Xy malos monospora. Small trees are: Gnidia

glauca, Halleria lucida and Maesa lanceolata, the latter common in regenerating forest. Protea gagu

edi is common along the forest margins. Patches of the mountain bamboo {Arundinaria alpina) occur.

Along the brooklets the tree fern Cyathea manniana is common. In the closed forest very few herbs and

grasses on the forest floor, but grassy glades are

frequent where cutting has taken place. Lianas not

common, but scrambling shrubs are frequent (e.g. Rubus spp. and Scutia myrtinus). Vascular epiphy

tes are rare.

19. Kenya, K3, Rift Valley Province, Trans-Nzoia District: Mt. Elgon, above ?the Buff?.

(1?03'N, 34?46'E; 2550 m). Friis; Apr. 20, 1975.

Upland dry evergreen forest on Tertiary or more recent lava. Podocarpus gracilior attains consider able dimensions in this forest; it reaches 30 m or

more in height, and is the dominant tree in a forest with no closed canopy. Large trees are: Cassipourea malosana, Olea hochstetterii, Olea africana, Ekeber

gia capensis, etc. Mountain bamboo {Arundinaria alpina) forms very extensive stands (moist bamboo

thicket). The forest floor is almost everywhere cov ered with short grass. Lianas are virtually absent and vascular epiphytes are rare. The forest is inside

Mt. Elgon National Park, where elephants are very common and play an important role in keeping the forest open.

20. Kenya, K5, Nyanza Province, North Kavi rondo District: Mt. Elgon, above Kimilili Forest Station. (0?40'N, 34?40'E; 2780 m). Friis; Apr. 23, 1975. Upland dry evergreen forest on Tertiary or

more recent lava. The forest is less open than that of loc. 19. Podocarpus gracilior occurs as emergent.

Large trees are: Afrocrania volkensii, Schefflera volkensii,, etc. Smaller trees are: Hagenia abyssini ca, Olea africana, Rapanea melanophloeos, Dom

beya goetzenii, Nuxia congesta, and Xy malos mo

nospora. Arundinaria alpina is frequent in patches. The forest floor is covered with grass, in which the semi-herbaceous Sambucus africanus is frequent.

Lianas are few, and vascular epiphytes nearly ab sent. The forest is outside Mt. Elgon National Park, but elephants may roam through the area.

21. Kenya, K5, Nyanza Province, North Kavi rondo District: Kakamega Forest, near the Forest Station. (0?15'N, 34?52'E; 1450-1500 m). Friis;

Apr. 24,1975. Lowland rain forest on Tertiary lava. This forest is noted as the only lowland rain forest of the Guineo-Congolean type in Kenya, the other lowland rain forest being of the East African type, the Usambara-Zululand type of Chapman and

White (1970). Lucas (1968) has given a list of 132

species of woody plants from the forest, including at least 10 emergent and a considerable number of

canopy-forming species. The list is thought still to be incomplete. Lianas and vascular epiphytes are common. Very few plants, with the exception of



mosses and thallophytes, occur on the forest floor

within the closed forest.

22. Kenya, K3, Rift Valley Province, Ravine

District: about 80 km N. of Nakuru, along the road to Eldoret. (0?00', 25?40'E; 2800 m), Friis; Apr. 15, 1975. Upland dry forest and evergreen scrub on

Tertiary lava. Probably a degraded Olea africana forest.

23. Kenya, K3, Rift Valley Province, Naivasha District: W side of Aberdare Range. (0?25'S, 36?40'E; 2000-3500 m). Rasmussen & Esbensen; June 16, 1970. Upland rain forest and moist bam boo thicket on Tertiary lava. Collections were made in the forest, in the very extensive thickets of

mountain bamboo {Arundinaria alpina) or in the

grassy glades with Sambucus africana.

24. Kenya, K4, Central Province, Kiambu Dis trict: about half-way down the eastern escarpment of Rift Valley on the Nairobi-Naivasha road.

(0?45'S, 36?35'E; c. 2000 m). Friis; Apr. 15, 1975.

Upland evergreen bushland on Tertiary or later la va. The bushland may be derived from montane forest. Olea africana, Acokanthera schimperi, Eu clea schimperi, etc. are common. The bushland is

broken, and grassy glades occur.

25. Kenya, K4, Central Province, Kiambu Dis

trict: Karura Forest, about 3 km N. of Nairobi.

(1?14'S, 36?50'E; c. 1800 m). Friis; May 12, 1975.

Upland dry evergreen forest on Tertiary lava. This

forest has no emergent, but is rich in medium sized

trees: Crot?n megalocarpus, Brachylaena hutchinsii, Schrebera alata, Apodytes dimidiata, Canthium

schimperianum, Olea africana, Acokanthera schim

peri, Dombeya burgessiae, Ochna ovata, Rawsonia

lucida, etc. Lianas and vascular epiphytes are few.

The forest floor is dark, with few herbs and only little grass. The forest has been described by Verd

court (1962).

26. Kenya, K7, Coast Province, Kwale District: near the mouth of Tiwi River, S. of Mombasa

(4?15'S, 39?36'E; sea level). Rasmussen & Esben

sen; June 22 & 24, 1970. Lowland dry evergreen forest at sea level. The forest vegetation of this area

has been described by Moomaw (1960). It is secon

dary in most places or has been replaced by broken

secondary scrub. Combretum schumannii and Cas

sipourea euryoides are supposed to be the dominant

species in the natural vegetation.

27. Kenya, K4, Central Province, Machakos Dis trict: Chyulu Mts., NE. side just below the water shed. (2?35'S, 37?55'E; 1800-2000 m). Friis; May 3, 1975. Patches of upland dry evergreen forest al

ternating with expanses of open grassland, all on recent lava. No emergent, but many medium sized trees: Allophylus abyssinicus, Catha edulis, Ekeber

gia capensis, Ilex mitis, Nuxia congesta, Pygeum af

18 Lindbergia 4:3-4


ricanum, Rapanea melanophloeos, Tabernemontana

johnstonii, Teclea simplicifolia, Xymalos monospo ra, etc. Lianas and vascular epiphytes few. The for est is rather dark, with little grass on the forest floor. The area is part of the West Chyulu Game Conser vation Area, and is adjacent to the Tsavo National Park. It may be visited by large herds of game.

28. Kenya, K7, Coast Province, Taita District: Taita Hills, 3 km N. of Wundanyi on wet roadside.

(3?28'S, 38?22'E; c. 1400 m). Friis; May 1, 1975.

Upland grassland on crystalline rock. Large areas of the hills are now used for grazing or cultivation.

Along the roads, which are frequently cut into the

rock, there are exposed rock-faces which sometimes harbour a flora of mosses and hepatics.

29. Kenya, K7, Coast Province, Taita District: Taita Hills, S. of Wundanyi at Watate River.

(3?24'S, 38?22'E; 1300 m). Friis; May 1, 1975. Same type of locality as no. 28.

30. Kenya, K7, Coast Province, Taita District: Taita Hills, below the top of Vuria Mt. (3?25'S, 38?18'E; 2200 m). Friis; May 2, 1975. Upland dry evergreen forest on crystalline rock. A high altitude

type of forest, but much degraded or replaced by

plantings of exotic species of Acacia and Eucalyp tus, which are able to spread into few remaining

patches of natural vegetation. Common tress of the

natural forest are: Agauria salicifolia, Halleria luci

da, Maesa lanceolata, Myrica salicifolia, Lepidotri chilia volkensii, Nuxia congesta, Pygeum africanum,

Xymalos monospora, etc. Along brooklets the tree

fern Cyathea manniana. Lianas are few, but because of high humidity there is a number of vascular epi

phytes.

31. Kenya, K7, Coast Province, Taita District:

Taita Hills, 5 km S. of Wundanyi at waterfall.

(3?25'S, 38?22'E; c. 2000 m). Friis; May 1, 1975.

Same type of locality as no. 28.

32. Kenya, K7, Coast Province, Kwale District: Shimba Hills, S. of Mombasa. (4?13'S, 39?25'E; 300-400 m). Rasmussen & Esbensen; June 24, 1970. Lowland rain forest on crystalline rock. This forest is of the East African type, the Usamba ra-Zululand type of Chapman and White (1970). A

preliminary list of the woody plants is given in Lucas

(1968). Some of the dominating species are: Stercu lia appendiculata, Chlorophora excelsa, Memecylon verruculosum, etc. Lianas and vascular epiphytes are common. The forest floor is dark and with little

vegetation.

33. Tanzania, T2, Northern Province, Moshi District: Mt. Kilimanjaro, Shira Plateau (3?2'S, 37?12'E; c. 3800 m). Rasmussen & Esbensen; July 4, 1970, and Lewinsky; Dec. 27-29, 1975. Upland

moor (Afroalpine vegetation) on Tertiary or more

recent lava. The vegetation and ecological condi

265




dons have been described by Hedberg (1964). The

vegetation of the Shira Plateau consists mainly of

Helichrysum scrub, Alchemilla scrub, and Carex

monostachya bogs with the giant lobelia {Lobelia deckenii ssp. deckenii). In ravines stands of the giant

groundsel {Senecio johnstonii ssp. cottonii).

34. Tanzania, T2, Northern Province, Moshi

District: Mt. Kilimanjaro, western slope. (3?04'S, 37?22'E; c. 3000 m). Rasmussen & Esbensen; July 3, 1970. Upland rain forest on Tertiary or more

recent lava. A zonation of forest types exists on the

western slope of the mountain. Fairly common in

the lower zone are: Podocarpus milanjianus, Eke

bergia capensis, Pygeum africanum, Xymalos mo

nospora, etc. A rather dense undergrowth of shrubs

and small trees is often present. Lianas are few, but

vascular epiphytes may be common. Hagenia abys sinica and Hypericum lanceolatum occur in the up

per zone of the forest, but do not form a Hage

nia-Hypericum zone as on other East African

mountains.


District: Mt. Kilimanjaro, western slope (3?04'S, 37?22'E; 2000-3000 m). Lewinsky; Dec. 29, 1975.

As for loc. 34.

36. Tanzania, T2, Northern Province, Arusha

District: Mt. Meru, eastern slope. (3?14'S, 36?45'E; 2000-2600 m). Rasmussen & Esbensen; July 7,

1970, and Lewinsky; Dec. 31, 1975. Upland rain

forest, Upland dry evergreen forest and Upland evergreen bushland on Tertiary and more recent

lava. A forest of a type very similar to that of Mt.

Kilimanjaro exists on Mt. Meru. Recent lava flows are covered by evergreen scrub.


District: Mweka, N. of Moshi, on the S. slope of Mt.

Kilimanjaro. (3?15'S, 36?45'E; 1000-1200 m). Rasmussen & Esbensen; July 2, 1970.

38. Tanzania, T3, Tanga Province, Lushoto Dis

trict: E. Usambara Mts., at Amani. (5?06'S, 38?38'E; c. 1000 m). Rasmussen & Esbensen; Jun.

27-28, 1970, and Baagee & Vollesen; July 26 -

Aug. 6, 1974. Lowland rain forest on crystalline rock. The lowland rain forest of E. Usambara Mts.

is of the East African (Usambara-Zululand) type. The forest round Amani is very rich in species. Tall trees are Allanblackia stuhlmannii, Anthocleista

zambesiaca, Aningeria adolfi-friedericii ssp. usam

barensis, Cephalosphaera usambarensis, Newtonia

buchananii, Isoberlinia scheffleri, Chrysophyllum gorungosanum, etc. Clearings are invaded by Ma

esopsis eminii. The lower storeys of the forest are

also rich in species. Large herbs such as Costus sp. and Marattia fraxinea occur on the forest floor.

Where light conditions permit, the forest floor is

covered with small herbs and grasses. Lianas are

common, and vascular epiphytes occur in great

266

quantities, but usually high up in the trees (Baagoe, Danielsen & Vollesen, 1979).

Annotated list of species

In the following list the bryophytes are ar

ranged in systematic order, which with few ex

ceptions for the liverworts follows Schuster

(1966) and for the mosses Brotherus

(1924-25). The number(s) after the specific name outside the bracket(s) refer to the list of localities. Specimens are cited in brackets af

ter the locality in question by the collectors'

initials followed by the collecting number(s). The abbreviations stand for: BV: J. Baagoe

and K. Vollesen, FARV: I. Friis, G. Aweke,

F. Rasmussen and K. Vollesen, FHJ: I. Friis,

A. Hounde and K. Jakobsen, IF: I. Friis, JL:

J. Lewinsky, and RE: K. Rasmussen and W.

Esbensen.

If the distribution of the species previously has been given in one of the papers on East

African bryophytes published by Bizot and P?cs (1974), Bizot, Dury and P?cs (1976), or Bizot and P?cs (1979) this is indicated by the abbreviations EB I, II, and III, respectively.

New distributional data have been added

when available, and for taxa not cited pre

viously the distribution is given in full. Further comments are given on the habitat and alti

tudinal range. The first set of specimens is deposited at the

Botanical Museum in Copenhagen (C) with

duplicate sets at NAM, MO, BR, H, EGR, and PRE.

Hepaticae

Ptilidiaceae Mastigophora diclados (Brid.) Nees: 38 (BV 306,

307). EB I, III. Epiphyte in rainforest. 950 m.

Jungermanniaceae Anastrophyllum auritum (Lehm.) Steph.: 33 (JL 633), 36 (JL 648, 649, 650, 651, 673). West and East Africa, South Africa, Marion and Crozet Is

land, New Guinea and Borneo. Most of the collec tions are from the Shira plateau, 4000 m, where A.

auritum seems to be common in many different ha bitats in the Philippia community. It has been col



lected from soil, moist rock walls, twigs and

branches and in the tomentum of mosses.

Jungermannia abyssinica Nees: 33 (JL 659). Known from Ethiopia, Uganda, Mt. Kenya, and Mt.

Kilimanjaro. On soil along small stream in Heli

chrysum community. 4000 m. Det. J. V??a.

Jungermannia pocsii V??a: 33 (JL 625, 630, 631,

636, 654, 655, 656, 660). This species has previ

ously been reported from the type locality: Umbwe route at Kilimanjaro, from Mt. Elgon and Natal. It

is fairly common at the Shira plateau, where like the

foregoing species it grows beside streams in the

Helichrysum community. It was observed both in

pure mats and mixed with mosses. 4000 m. Det. J.

V??a.

Gymnomitriaceae Gymnomitrion laceratum (Steph.) Horik.: 33 (JL

646). EB I.

Marsupella africana Steph.: 33 (JL 645). An af

roalpine species reported previously from the Ru

wenzori Mts., Mt. Muhavura, Mt. Meru, and Kili

manjaro. It grew on rocks in the Philippia commu

nity. 4000 m.

Scapaniaceae Scapania esterhuyseniae S. Arn.: 33 (JL 659). Pre

viously known only from the type locality at the Ruwenzori Mts. in Uganda. At the Shira plateau it

grew on soil along a small stream in the Helichry sum community mixed with Jungermannia abyssini ca, and Anomobryurn filiforme. Det. J. V??a.

Lophocoleaceae Lophocolea concreta Mont.: 26 (RE 22), 38 (BV 305). EB I. New to the Mombasa area. Both speci

mens were collected in rainforest. 300-950 m.

Lophocolea cuspidata (Nees) Limpr.: 11 (FHJ 70-72a), 30 (IF 2749). Widespread in the Northern

Hemisphere, but also reported from mountains in

Cameroon, Fernando-Poo, Uganda, Malawi, South

Africa, R?union and Madagascar. New to Ethiopia and the Taita Hills. On Cyathea trunk in degraded forest and on moist slope below shrubs. 2200-2400

m.

Lophocolea difformis Nees: 21 (IF 2742). EB I, III. New to Kakamega Forest Reserve. On trunk in forest. 1500 m.

Chiloscyphus dubius Gott: 38 (RE 45). EB I. On

rocks in rainforest. 950 m.

Clasmatocolea vermicularis (Lehm.) Grolle: 33

(RE 83). EB I. New to Kilimanjaro. In tropical Af rica previously known from Mt. Kyejo in the Rung

we Mts., southern Tanzania. This species is a sub antarctic element in the East African bryoflora. It

grew in a stream. 1000 m.

Plagiochilaceae Plagiochila colorans Mildbr.: 30 (IF 2752). An af

roalpine species occurring in East Africa. New to the Taita Hills. Previously reported from 3000-3800 m; the Taita collection is from 2200 m.

18*


Plagiochila crispulo-caudata Gott.: 36 (RE 129b). EB I, II. New to Mt. Meru. Epiphyte. 2600

m.

Plagiochila divergens Steph.: 18 (IF 2726), 21 (IF 2741a, 2741b), 36 (JL 674). EB I. New to Kenya, the Cherangani Hills and Kakamega, and to Mt.

Meru in Tanzania. It is an epiphyte on standing and

fallen trees. 1500-2600 m.

Plagiochila divergens Steph. var. myriocarpa

(Pears.) E. W. Jones: 8 (FHJ 70-60 a). EB I. New to Ethiopia. It was collected from a Polyscias trunk in forest. 2300 m.

Plagiochila effusa Steph.: 35 (JL 614, 615, 623). EB I. New to Kilimanjaro. Grows as epiphyte in

Podocarpus-Juniperus forest. 3000?3500 m.

Plagiochila fusifera Tayl.: 18 (IF 2728). EB I.

New to the Cherangani Hills. In Podocarpus milan

jianus forest. 2600 m.

Plagiochila integerrima Steph.: 38 (BV 425). In

tropical parts of the African continent and on the islands Fernando-Poo, Sao Tom?, Mauritius, and

Madagascar.

Plagiochila lastii Mitt.: 6 (FARV 159c). EB II. New to Ethiopia. P. lastii is an East African monta ne species. The occurrence in Ethiopia S. of Gore

represents the northernmost locality.

Plagiochila moenkemeyeri Steph.: 14 (FARV

148b). New to Ethiopia. Previously reported from West Africa and Kivu in Zaire and the Rungwe Mts.

in Tanzania. Collected at 1800 m.

Plagiochila sinuosa Mitt.: 6 (FARV 158c), 9

(FHJ 70-52, 70-53a), 10 (FHJ 70-25), 11 (FHJ 70-40, 70-70a), 14 (FARV 120a, 123b, 127c, 140 dy), 30 (IF 2754), 35 (JL 608, 611, 616, 617).

EB I. New to the Taitas and Ethiopia. A common

epiphyte occurring between 1700 and 3500 m.

Plagiochila squamulosa Mitt.: 6 (FARV 117dy), 7 (FARV 161b), 8 (FHJ 70-60b), 10 (FHJ 70-12), 11 (FHJ 70-47), 35 (JL 614, 618). Reported from

Cameroon in West Africa and Ethiopia, Somalia,

Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania in East Africa. The plants were collected from Polyscias and Coffea. 2000-3500 m.

Plagiochila cf. subalpina Steph. fo.: 30 (IF 2837). EB I. The Danish material represent a form of P.

subalpina in which the leaves imitate those of P. corniculata. The shoots and branching system show, however, its real affinity to P. subalpina. The spe cimens were examined and commented upon by R.

Grolle and E. W. Jones.

Cephaloziaceae Cephalozia vallis-gratiae Steph: 33 (JL 676). Pre

viously reported from South Africa and R?union

Island. New to East Africa. Collected from soil

along a small stream in Helichrysum community. 4000 m.

Acrobolbaceae Lethocolea congesta (Lehm.) S. Arn.: 33 (RE 100, JL 625, 627, 628, 629, 632, 634, 640, 656, 657, 658, 661, 662). EB I. All the collections are from

267




moist soil at the Shira plateau in Helichrysum com

munity and on slopes with giant Senecios. 4000 m.

Arnelliaceae

Gongylanthus renifolius (Mitt.) Steph.: 33 (JL 637). EB I. New to Kilimanjaro. From Helichrysum community, along a small stream. 4000 m.

Radolaccac

Radula boryana (Web.) Nees: 30 (IF 2755). EB I, II. This common species, widespread in tropical

America and Africa, only occurred once among the Danish collections. In degraded forest. 2200 m.

Radula madagascariensis Gott.: 38 (BV 321a). Madagascar, R?union, Mt. Kilimanjaro, southern

highlands und Uluguru Mts. in Tanzania, and Mauritius. New to the Usambara Mts. A typical common element for Madagascar and the East Af rican old crystalline elements.

Radula recurvifolia Steph.: 16 (IF 2723), 22 (IF 2735), 35 (JL 607, 610, 611), 36 (JL 664). EB I.

New to the Cherangani Hills. As epiphyte and on

soil. 2000-3000 m.

Radula stipatiflora Steph.: 38 (RE 55). EB I. New to the East Usambara Mts. Collected from rocks in a stream. 950 m.

Porellaceae Porella abyssinica (Nees) S. Arn.: 23 (RE 8), 35 (JL 612, 616, 619), 36 (JL 670). EB I. New to the

Aberdare Range. It is an epiphyte in Podocar

pus-Juniperus and bamboo forests. 2000-3500 m.

Porella capensis (Gott.) Steph.: 18 (IF 2729), 35

(JL 624). EB I. New to Kilimanjaro and the Che

rangani Hills. Previously known from South Africa and several localities in Tanzania and Kenya. 3000-3500 m.

Porella hoehnelii Steph.: 5 (FARV 164d), 14

(FARV 118b, 144b, 144c), 18 (IF 2727), 36 (JL 671). EB I. New to the Cherangani Hills, but not uncommon in Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, and Tan zania. 1750-2600 m.

Porella subdentata (Mitt.) E. W. Jones: 21 (IF

2744). EB I. New to Kakamega Forest Reserve. On

base o? Ficus trunk. 1500 m.

Porella triquetra (Steph.) E. W. Jones: 35 (JL

609). EB I. New to Kilimanjaro. Epiphyte. 3000 m.

Jubulaceae Frullania angulata Mitt.: 6 (FARV 159a). EB I. II. New to Ethiopia. This record represents the north ernmost occurrence of a widespread afromontane

species. 1750 m.

Frullania apicalis Mitt.: 14 (FARV 123c). A spe cies widespread in tropical Africa, but not previ ously reported from Ethiopia. 1800 m.

Frullania arecae (Spreng.) Gott.: 9 (FHJ 70-53b), 11 (FHJ 70-41, 70-46, 70-66, 70-70b), 14 (FARV 120i, 120jx, 140dx), 18 (IF 2725), 22 (IF 2721), 30 (IF 2747), 33 (JL 647), 36 (JL 666).

268

EB I, II. This pantropical species was collected from stems of giant Senecios, in Podocarpus milanjianus forest, in degraded forest and in Coffea plantations. 1700-4000 m.

Frullania caffraria Steph.: 7 (FARV 161d, 161g), 24 (IF 2720), 35 (JL 620, 622). EB I. Epiphyte on stems of Acocanthera and Coffea. 1530-3000 m.

Frullania capensis Gott.: 33 (JL 644), 38 (BV 300b, 303b, 320). Previously reported from South

Africa, Rhodesia, R?union, Mozambique, and the Usambara Mts. in Tanzania. New to Kilimanjaro, where it was collected at 4000 m -

by far the highest known occurrence. It grew on branches o? Philippia in the Erica-Philippia community. The Usambara collections were epiphytic on Mangifera indica at

950 m.

Frullania depressa Mitt.: 23 (RE 7), 38 (BV 302c). A species widespread in Africa. Collections from bamboo forest at 3000 m and from a Mangi

fera indica at 950 m.

Frullania eplicata Steph.: 38 (BV 302b). Known from Ghana, Zaire, Tanzania, Mozambique, Rho desia and Transvaal. The collection is from a Man

gifera indica. 900 m.

Frullania ericoides (Ness) Mont.: 14 (FARV 149d), 25 (IF 2746), 28 (IF 2760), 32 (RE 24b), 36 (JL 665, 667), 38 (BV 315). A pantropical species

widespread in tropical and subtropical Africa. Col lected between 950 and 2000 m.

Frullania lindenbergii Lehm.: 38 (BV 298c, 299d, 300a, 301b, 302d, 303c). A species reported from South and East Africa. Danish collections from

Mangifera indica. 900 m.

Frullania obscurifolia Mitt.: 16 (IF 2738). Known from many localities in western, eastern and south ern Africa, but new to the Cherangani Hills. On soil in degraded Juniperus forest. 2950 m.

Frullania schimperi Ness.: 36 (JL 668). Known from Cameroon, East Africa, and Madagascar. New to Mt. Meru. In tuft of Macromitrium. 2000 m.

Frullania serrata Gott.: 6 (FARV 117dx, 158bx), 30 (IF 2753), 38 (BV 294). EB I, II, III. New to

Ethiopia and the Taita Hills in Kenya.

Frullania repandistipula Lac: 38 (BV 298b,

300a, 302e). The Danish collections are from Man

gifera indica in the Usambara Mts. They represent the first record of this taxon from the African conti nent. It was previously known from Madagascar,

Seychelles, R?union, Java, Borneo, and Amboina.

It represents a rare Asiatic element in East Africa.

Frullania trinervis Lehm. & Lindenb.: 11 (FHJ

9), 19 (IF 2740). EB I, III. New to Ethiopia and Kenya. The collections are from moist steep rocky

^slopes and Podocarpus gracilior forest. 2300-2700 m.

Frullania usambarana Schiffn.: 38 (RE 61). A

typical common element to "Madagascar-Mascare nes* and the East African crystalline massifs. Rare

forest element below 1000 m.

Brachiolejeunea nigra (Steph.) Steph.: 38 (BV 314). Lowland forest element. Epiphytic in rainforest. 900 m.



Brachiolejeunea trisas Steph.: 14 (FARV 120 jy), 18 (IF 2731). EB I. New to the Cherangani Hills

where it was collected in Podocarpus milanjianus forest at 2600 m.

Caudalejeunea lewallei Vanden Bergh.: 14

(FARV 146). New to Ethiopia. A very rare species previously reported from Burundi, Zaire, and the

Uluguru Mts. in Tanzania. 1800 m.

Mastigolejeunea rhodesica (Vanden Bergh.) E.

W. Jones.: 32 (RE 24a). New to Kenya where it was

found as epiphyte in lowland forest near Mombasa.

Previously known from Victoria Falls in Zambia, the Rondo Plateau in Tanzania, Madagascar, R?

union, and Natal. Determination confirmed by R.

Grolle.

Lopholejeunea fragilis Steph. (Syn.: L. kiliman

jarica E. W. Jones): 38 (BV 321b). Reported from

Sierra-Leone, C?te d'Ivoire, Zaire, Tanzania (Kili manjaro, the Usambaras), and Zambia. This speci men seems to confirm Vanden Berghen's opinion about the identity of these two taxa (Vanden Berg hen, 1973). It has perianth characters of L. fragilis, but the shape and dentation of bracts and bracteoles of L. kilimanjarica.

Lopholejeunea sub fusca (Nees) Steph.: 38 (BV 293b, 299b, 301d, 303d, 308b, 315, 317a, 319).

Pantropical. Epiphytic in rainforest and in culti vated areas on Mangifera indica. 900 m.

Leucolejeunea xanthocarpa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Evans: 6 (FARV 158by), 27 (IF 2751), 30 (IF 2759). EB I, III. Pantropical. 1750-2200 m.

Schiffneriolejeunea pappeana (Nees) Gradst.: 38

(BV 295a, 299a, 317a, 318, 319). Widespread in

Africa S. of the tropic of Cancer. Epiphyte in rain

forest and on Mangifera indica near the forest

house. 900-950 m.

Marchesinia excavata Pears.: 30 (IF 2757a), 38

(RE 62). EB III. Widespread in tropical Africa. New to Kenya, the Taita Hills.

Ptychanthus striatus (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Nees:

14 (FARV 149d p.p.). EB I. Revised by B. Stotler.

Dicranolejeunea chrysophylla (Lehm.) Grolle: 16

(IF 2739). Known from Rwanda, Kenya (the Aber

dares), and South Africa. New to the Cherangani Hills.

Ceratolejeunea calabariensis Steph.: 38 (BV 293a, 298d, 304, 308c, 321b). Gabon, Cameroon,

Zaire, Congo, and Tanzania (eastern Usambara).

Epiphyte in rainforest and on Mangifera indica near

the forest house. 950 m.

Taxilejeunea conformis (Mont.) Steph.: 11 (FHJ

70-72b), 30 (IF 2818a), 35 (JL 621). EB I. Com mon in tropical Africa. One previous record from

Ethiopia. At Mt. Maigudo it occurred on a moist

slope below scrub at 2300 m, at Kilimanjaro it was

epiphytic in Podocarpus-Juniperus forest, 3000 m.

Cheilolejeuneaprincipensis Steph.: 38 (BV 308a). EB I. On Mangifera indica. 900 m.

Cheilolejeunea silvestris (Gott.) E. W. Jones var.

involuta (Steph.) E. W. Jones: 38 (BV 296, 317b)> EB I, III. Same habitat as the previous species.

Strepsilejeunea brevifissa (Gott.) Steph.: 18 (IF


2730), 30 (IF 2756). EB III. First records from Ke

nya. In Podocarpus milanjianus forest and degraded forest, 2200-2600 m.

Euosmolejeunea brachytoma (Gott.) Steph.: 38

(BV 316). EB I. Epiphyte in rainforest, 900 m.

Lejeunea caespitosa Lindenb.: 38 (BV 298d). EB I. On Mangifera indica, 900 m.

Lejeunea capensis Gott. (Syn.: Inflatolejeunea

capensis (Gott.) S. Arn.): 16 (IF 2737), 36 (JL 669,

672). Zaire (Kivu), Malawi, and South Africa. First records from Kenya (Cherangani Hills, on soil in

degraded Juniperus forest, 2950 m) and Tanzania

(Mt. Meru, epiphytic, 2000 m). Lejeunea eckloniana Lindenb.: 16 (IF 2736). EB

I, III. On soil in degraded Juniperus forest, 2950 m.

Lejeunea flava Sw. ssp. tabularis (Spreng.) S. Arn.: 38 (RE 74). EB I. On soil in rainforest, 950 m.

Lejeunea grosseccistata (Steph.) E. W. Jones: 38

(BV 301a, 301b, 321a). EB I. New to Tanzania.

One of the collections is from a Mangifera indica, 950 m.

Lejeunea isophylla E. W. Jones: 30 (IF 2748). EB I. First record from the Taita Hills. Degraded forest, 2200 m.

Microlejeunea africana Steph.: 18 (IF 2733), 38

(BV 298a p.p., 300a, 302a). EB I, II. Epiphyte, 900 m.

Drepanolejeunea cultrella (Mitt.) Steph.: 38 (BV 298a p.p.) EB I, III. On ^Mangifera indica, 900 m.

Ondotolejeunea tortuosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Evans: 14 (FARV 146). EB I. First record from

Ethiopia. Epiphyllous, 1800 m.

Anomalolejeunea pluriplicata (Pears.) Schiffn.: 33 (JL 643). This species is, in tropical Africa, re

stricted to the subalpine zone in bamboo and Erica

forest, and most typically in Philippia heath. The altitudinal range known so far was 2400-3500 m. The Danish record is from Erica-Philippia com

munity at 3800 m.

Cololejeunea pusilla Steph. var. obtusifolia E. W. Jones: 14 (FARV 146), 21 (IF 2743). EB I, III.

New to Ethiopia and Kenya. Epiphyllous. Collected between 1500 and 1800 m.

Pelliaceae

Symphyogynapodophylla (Thunb.) Nees & Mont.:

33 (JL 635, 639, 641, 653). EB I, II. On soil along small stream in Helichrysum community and from

slope with giant Senecio, 4000 m.

Aneuraceae Riccardia limbata (Steph.) E. W. Jones: 38 (RE 27). EB I. New to the Usambaras. On soil, 950 m.

Metzgeriaceae Metzgeria agnewii Kuwahara: 18 (IF 2732). This

collection represents the second record of M. agne wii from Africa. It was previously known from the Aberdare Range, 3040 m.

Metzgeria consangu?nea Schiffn.: 23 (RE 5). EB III. In bamboo forest, 3000 m.

269




Metzgeria convexa Vanden Bergh.: 33 (JL 652). An afroalpine species previously collected at Ru wenzori (3800 m), and Mt. Kenya (3400 m). The Shira record is from 3800 m in Erica-Philippia community. M. convexa has so far only been ob served on Philippia twigs.

Metzgeria elliotii Steph.: 33 (JL 626). EB I. Epi phyte on giant Senecio, 4000 m.

Metzgeria limbato-setosa Steph.: 30 (IF 2757), 36

(JL 675). EB I. New to the Taita Hills and Mt. Meru. Epiphyte in degraded forest, 2000-2200 m.

Metzgeria quadrifaria Steph.: 22 (IF 2722). Zaire, Burundi, Somalia and Tanzania. First record from

Kenya.

Metzgeria thom?ensis Steph.: 14 (FARV 148a). EB I, III. First record from Ethiopia.

Targioniaceae Targionia lorbeeriana C. Muell.: 27 (IF 2758). This

species has previously been reported from the Me

diterranean, and the Cape region in Africa. The

record from Chyulu Mts. is thus very interesting. The plants grew on volcanic soil in an area with

upland grassland and patches of dry evergreen for

est, 1850 m.

Marchantiaceae Marchant?a parviloba Steph.: 8 (FHJ 70-37), 36

(RE 147). EB I, III. Previously reported from sev

eral localities in tropical Africa, but new to Ethiopia and Mt. Meru in Tanzania. It grew on soil along a

road and stream. 1300-2000 m.

Marchant?a polymorpha L.: 17 (IF 2734), 33 (JL 638), 34 (RE 92, 94). Altimontane in tropical Afri

ca, generally above 3000 m. The Danish collections are from moist soil and rock to 3800 m.

Marchanda wilmsii Steph. (Syn.: M. chevalieri

Bonner): 29 (IF 2761), 37 (RE 78). New to Kenya (Taita Hills) and Tanzania (Kilimanjaro). It was

collected from moist soil, 1000-1300 m.

Dumortieria hirsuta (Sw.) Nees: 10 (FHJ 70-36), 31 (IF 2745), 37 (RE 86). Almost cosmopolite.

Collected from soil. 1000-2000 m.

Ricciaceae Riccia fluitans L. s.lat.: 37 (RE 85). Cosmopolite and also widespread in Africa. Concerning the spe cific identity of the African specimens E. W. Jones,

who had seen sporangia in two collections only, re

marked (Jones, 1957): ?the spores of these plants are different from each other and also from the

spores that have been described from European

plants?. The Kilimanjaro material also has spores different from the European.

Anthocerotaceae Phaeoceros levis (L.) Prosk. ssp. carolinianus

(Michx.) Prosk.: 1 (FHJ 70-75), 14 (FHJ 70-29,

70-42, 70-43, 70-44). Cosmopolite. 1300-2000 m.

Dendroceros africanus Steph.: 38 (BV 293b,

270

295b, 297, 301c). Previously only reported from Cameroon Mts. in West Africa. In the East Usam bara Mts., Tanzania, the plants grew on Mangifera indica near the forest house, 950 m. Det. R. Grolle.

Notohylas cf. flabellata Steph.: 37 (RE 81). Known previously from Angola, Argentina, and India. New to East Africa (Kilimanjaro in Tanza

nia). The material fits quite well in the frame of this

pantropical species, due to the thickened capsule wall cells and the yellow spores with tuberculate

ornamentation, but needs further examination. Collected from rocks at 1000 m.

Musci

Andreaeaceae Andreaea cucullata Dix.: 33 (RE 110). Alpine spe cies occurring between 3300 and 5000 m. Reported from Mt. Meru, Kilimanjaro, and Mt. Kenya. From

rocks, 4000 m.

Andreaea kilimandscharica Par.: 33 (JL 564). Previously known from Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Rhodesia. Collected from rocks in Helichrysum community, 4000 m. According to De Sloover

(1977) this taxon is probably conspecific with the

following. Andreaea mildbraedii Broth.: 33 (JL 556). An

alpine species collected between 3200-5000 m in

Zaire, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, and Tanzania. The Shira plants grew on rocks in Helichrysum commu

nity.

Fissidentaceae Fissidens angolensis Welw. & Dub.: 37 (RE 79), 38

(BV 414b). Known from Angola, and Kilimanjaro and the West Usambara Mts. in Tanzania. New to the East Usambara Mts. It grew on roadcutting on

soil, 950-1000 m.

Fissidens asplenioides Hedw.: 11 (FHJ 70-31,

70-73), 33 (JL 455, 473), 36 (JL 493), 37 (RE 77, 131). EB II. All the collections are from moist soil, 1000-4000 m. Pantropical species.

Fissidens glaucissimus Welw. & Dub.: 38 (RE

44). Angola, Golungo at 720 m and Tanzania, the East Usambara Mts. On soil 950 m.

Fissidens cf. latifolius Dix.: 23 (RE 2b). New to

the Aberdare Range. Known from Rhodesia, Zam

bia, and Tanzania. 2000 m.

Fissidens nitens Salm. s. lat.: 14 (FHJ 70-32). This specimen was first determined as F. splendens

Brugg.-Nann., but later by Bruggeman-Nannenga referred to F. nitens s. lat. due to the occurrence of

both paren- and prosenchymatic cells in the border. The distribution of F. nitens s. lat. will be discussed

in a coming paper (Bruggeman-Nannenga pers.

com.). Fissidens opacifolius Mitt.: 38 (BV 335). Earlier re

ported from Nigeria, the Uluguru Mts. in Tanzania and Natal (?). New to Amani, East Usambara Mts. It grew on earth at roadcutting.



Fissidens stellenboschianus Dix.: 38 (BV 393). Known from Cape in South Africa and Meru in Tanzania. New to Amani, the East Usambara Mts. Collected from stones in small brooklet in rainfor est. 950 m.

Fissidens vesiculosus Demar. & Leroy.: 36 (RE 153). Zaire and Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. New to

Mt. Meru. On soil. 2100 m.

Ditrichaceae Garckea comosa (Doz. & Molk.) Wijk & Marg.: 38

(BV 415). This species is known from SE Asia, In

domalaya, Oceania, Australia and Madagascar, but has not previously been reported from the African continent. It grew on soil at roadcutting in the rain forest near the forest house at Amani. 950 m.

Ditrichum difficile (Dub.) Fleisch.: 23 (RE 1). Widespread in tropical Asia, with occurrences in the Mascarenes and South Africa, and East Africa. New to Kenya. On soil. 2000 m. The specimen reported in EB I belongs to the genus Bryotestua.

Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.: 33 (JL 398, 432, 449, 589, RE 102), 36 (JL 517, 518). EB I. On soil, rocks and under rocks in Helichrysum commu

nity. 4000 m.

Dicranaceae Trematodon cf. divaricatus Bruch: 36 (RE 146). EB I. On soil. 2600 m. Capsules very young, thus the hesitation.

Aongstroemia julacea (Hook.) Mitt.: 33 (JL 528). Very disjunct altimontane species known from Mt.

Everest in the Himalayas (6170 m), Sayan Mts.,

Mongolia, Fuji in Japan, Chimborazo and Quito in

Ecuador, Venezuela, Tierra del Fuego, Kergeulen Island, New Zealand, Auckland and Campbell Is

lands, Tanzania, Madagascar, R?union, and Natal.

New to Mt. Kilimanjaro. The Danish collection is from Helichrysum community at 4000 m.

Dicranella cf. subsubulata (C. Muell.) Jaeg.: 33

(JL 894). EB I, II. New to Kilimanjaro. Collected from soil on slope with giant Senecios. 4000 m.

Dicranella usambarica P. Vard.: 38 (RE 67, BV

330, 419). Only known from the Usambara Mts. On soil in rainforest, 950 m.

Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. var. poly trichoides (De Not.) Giac: 30 (IF 2828). EB I, II.

On forest floor in degraded forest. 2200 m.

Campylopus stramineus (Mitt.) Jaeg.: 30 (IF 2819), 33 (JL 392). EB I. New to the Taita Hills,

where it was collected as epiphyte in degraded for est at 2200 m. At the Shira plateau it grew at base of

Philippia. 4000 m.

Holomitrium cylindraceum (P. Beauv.) Wijk &

Marg. cf. var. cucullatum (Besch.) Wijk & Marg.: 38

(RE 59). The variety is only known from the Usam bara Mts. Epiphytic. 950 m.

Dicranum johnstonii Mitt.: 33 (JL 472). EB I. On

damp slope in Philippia community. 4000 m.

Dicranoloma billardieri (Brid.) Par.: 30 (IF 2833,

2834). EB I. New to the Taita Hills. Epiphyte in

degraded forest. 2200 m.


Leucoloma holstii Broth.: 38 (BV 339, 360, 366, 377, RE 37, 46). EB II, III. Epiphytic in rainforest. 950 m.

Leucobryaceae Leucobryum acutifolium (Mitt.) Card.: 38 (BV 355). EB II. Epiphytic. 950 m.

Leucobryum isleanum Besch. var. molle (C. Muell.) Card.: 12 (FARV 154 b), 38 (RE 40, 43, 72a). EB I. New to Ethiopia. Epiphytic and on soil near streamside. 950-1750 m.

Leucobryum molliculum Broth.: 14 (FHJ 70-27,

70-28). Reported from Cameroon and the Usam bara and Uluguru Mts. in Tanzania. New to Ethio

pia. Epiphytic on trees. 1950 m.

Octoblepharum albidum Hedw.: 38 (BV 354). EB I. Epiphytic in rainforest.

Calymperaceae Syrrhopodon quintasii Broth.: 14 (FARV 147a,

147b), 38 (BV 343). EB I. New to Ethiopia and Amani in the East Usambara Mts. Epiphytic. 950-1800 m.

Syrrhopodon mauritianus Aongstr.: 38 (BV 359,

411). EB I. New to the Usambara Mts. Epiphytic. 950 m. Revid. S. Orb?n.

Calymperes sanctae-mariae Besch.: 32 (RE 24b). EB I. New to Kenya, Shimba Hills. Epiphytic. Det. S. Orb?n.

Calymperes cf. usambaricum Broth.: 32 (RE 20a). Previously only reported from the Usambara

Mts. New to Shimba Hills. 300 m.

Calymperes zanzibarense Besch.: 26 (RE 17). Previously reported from Zanzibar. New to the Af rican continent. Det. S. Orb?n.

Pottiaceae Weisia controversa Hedw.: 16 (IF 2783), 36 (JL 601, RE 145). EB I. New to the Cherangani Hills

where it grew on the ground in low forest, probably degraded Juniperus forest. 2660-2950 m.

Timmiella an?mala (B.S.G) Limpr.: 36 (RE 150) Northern Italy, southern France. North Africa,

Himalaya, southern U.S.A., and Mexico. First rec ord from tropical Africa. The plants are typical with clear nerves, a well developed annulus and spirally twisted peristome. The moss grew on soil at 2100 m.

Tortella fragillima P. Vard.: 36 (RE 137b). Pre

viously known from Kilimanjaro at 4800 m. Epi phytic. 2800 m.

Tortella humilis (Hedw.) Jenn.: 11 (FHJ 70-57), 36 (JL 501, 601, RE 157a). North and South

America, southern Eruope, Caucasus, Japan and

Africa, in North Africa, the Usambara, Uluguru and Poroto Mts. in Tanzania, Rhodesia and South

Africa. New to Ethiopia and Mt. Meru. Epiphytic and on soil. 2100-2400 m.

Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb.: 36 (RE 124, 134). Eurasia and North America, North Afri ca. In tropical Africa only known from Mt. Longo not in Kenya, 2500 m. New to Tanzania. On soil. 2200-2800 m.

271




Leptodontium flexifolium (With.) Hamp.: 33 (RE 95, 109). A widespread species. Altimontane in

Africa. On soil and rocks at 4000 m.

Leptodontium pungens (Mitt.) Kindb.: 33 (JL 443, 444, 463, 574, 575, RE 112). Tropical Ameri ca from Mexico to Argentina, Cameroon, Kenya, and Mt. Meru in Tanzania. New to Shira. Occurring on soil in Helichrysum heath and Philippia commu

nity and at the base of Philippia trunks. 4000 m.

Leptodontium viticulosoides (P. Beauv.) Wijk &

Marg.: 13 (FARV 157a), 14 (FHJ 70-30), 30 (IF 2835), 36 (JL 555). EB I. New to Ethiopia and the Taita Hills. Epiphytic and on soil in forest. 1750-2200 m.

Hyophila crenulata Dus.: 26 (RE 18), 38 (RE 25,

53). Previously only reported from West Africa. New to Kenya, Tiwi, and Tanzania, Amani in the Usambara Mts. On rocks in stream. At sea level and at 950 m.

Hyophila potieri Besch. var. denticulata Broth.: 38 (BV 390). EB I. On big boulder in rainforest.

Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostre (Hedw.) Chen: 11 (FHJ 70-33), 33 (JL 588). Almost cosmopolitic. In Africa reported from North Africa, Ethiopia and

Kilimanjaro. Collected from moist rocky slope, 2300-2400 m, and from stems of giant Senecios. 4000 m.

Streptopogon erythrodontus (Tayl.) Wils. var. ru

tenbergii (Geh.) Salmon: 10 (FHJ 70-18), 14

(FARV 127d). Known from Cameroon, Zaire, Rwanda, Kenya, and Tanzania. New to Ethiopia. Epiphytic. 1800-2000 m.

Tortula cavallii Negri.: 33 (JL 405, RE 96). Epiphytic on giant Senecios. 4000 m. Afroalpine species known from Ruwenzori, Karisimbi, Muha

wura, Mt. Elgon. Mt. Kenya, Mt. Meru, and Kili

manjaro, 3500-4900 m alt. The record from

Uzungwe Mts. in Tanzania (Bizot & P?cs, 1974) belongs to Barbula pertorquata C. Muell.

Tortula cochlearifolia P. Vard.: 33 (JL 569). Pre

viously reported from the Mawenzi Peak of Kili

manjaro (4800 m). New to Shira. The habitat was on soil in Lobelia heath.

Tortula hildebrandtii (C. Muell.) Broth.: 22 (IF 2766), 24 (IF 2762b), 28 (IF 2815), 33 (JL 524, 562, 566, 567), 35 (JL 544, 595, 596, 597), 36 (JL 553, RE 141). EB I. T. hildebrandtii is widespread in East Africa and occurs on many different kinds of substrate in many different habitats. The Danish

collections are from forest and heath formations, from rock faces or as epiphytes on, e.g. trunks of

Acocanthera and giant Senecios. 2000?4000 m.

Grimmiaceae Grimmia ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb.: 33 (JL 451, 474, 532, 533, 583, 584, 585). A widespread species,

which in East Africa is restricted to the afroalpine zone. On rocks in Philippia community. 4000 m. At

higher altitudes, 4500 m, fo. glacialis P. Vard. was

collected (JL 454, 475, RE 107). In this form the tufts are completely spherical and unattached.

Schistidium alpicola (Hedw.) Limpr.: 33 (JL 431,

272

452). S. alpicola is alpine in tropical Africa and has been collected between 2350-3850 m. At Shira, 4000 m, it grew on soil along small stream in the

Helichrysum community. Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) B.S.G: 33 (JL

535). Cosmopolite. On rocks at 4000 m. Two fur ther collections from loc. 33 (JL 582) and 36 (JL 605) probably belong to this taxon.

Racomitrium alare (Broth.) Par. (Syn.: R. durum

(Broth.) Par.): 33 (JL 437, 534, 561). Known from all the high mountains in East Africa, from Mt. Ca

meroon and R?union Island. 3000-4500 m alt. On rocks in Helichrysum heath. 3800 m.

Funariaceae Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.: 33 (JL 438). Cosmo

polite and widespread in Africa. In Helichrysum community on soil.

Funaria usambarica Broth.: 33 (JL 399). Previ

ously only reported from the Usambara Mts. New to Shira. Collected from soil along small stream in

Helichrysum community. 4000 m.

Splachnaceae Tayloria orthodonta (P. Beauv.) Wijk & Marg.: 14

(FARV 126a). Guinea, Cameroon, Zaire, Rwanda, Tanzania, Malawi, and R?union. New to Ethiopia. Collected at 1800 m. No information about sub strate.

Tayloria solitaria (Card.) Kop. & W. A. Weber: 38 (BV 422). Angola, Uganda, Tanzania, and Ma

dagascar. Epiphytic in rainforest. 950 m.

Tetraplodon mnioides (Hedw.) B. S. G: 33 (JL 427, 442). EB I. At 4000 m in Helichrysum heath and on slope with giant Senecios.

Bryaceae Mielichhoferia mildbraedii Broth.: 33 (JL 891). East Africa. Altimontane. On rocks in Philippia community. 4000 m. Only one capsule with a rudi

mentary peristome was observed.

Mielichhoferia ruwenzoriensis Th?r. & Nav.: 33

(JL 573). Only previous record from Ruwenzori. New to Tanzania, Shira, at 4000 m.

Pohlia philonotula (C. Muell.) Broth.: 23 (RE 11). EB I. New to Kenya, the Aberdare National

Park. In bamboo forest at 3000 m.

Brachymenium acuminatum Harv.: 33 (JL 416), 38 (BV 417). EB II. On earth (950 m) and moist rock wall (4000 m).

Brachymenium angolense (Welw. & Dub.) Jaeg.: 18 (IF 2782). Angola, Congo, Ruwenzori, Uganda,

Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa. New to the

Cherangani Hills. Epiphyte. 2600 m.

Brachymenium capitulatum (Mitt.) Kindb.: 11

(FHJ 70-10), 14 (FARV 120c), 21 (IF 2741b), 38 (BV 374, 407). EB I. Moist steep, rocky slopes, 20-2400 m.

Brachymenium exile (Doz & Molk.) Besch. & Lac: 38 (RE 71). Previously reported from Amani.

Brachymenium rigidum Broth. & Par.: 21 (IF



2791, 2797), 36 (JL 393). Guinea, Angola, Rwan

da, Tanzania, and Rhodesia. New to Kenya, Kaka

mega forest, and Mt. Meru in Tanzania. Collected from soil and twigs of Cassipourea.

Brachymenium variabile Dix.: 9 (FHJ 70-50). EB I. New to Ethiopia. Collected in Coffea planta tion at 1800 m.

Anomobryum filiforme (Griff.) Jaeg.: 11 (FHJ 70-19), 33 (JL 435, 456, 467, 592). EB I. On moist soil. Collected at 23 - 2400 m and 4000 m respec

tively. Bryum afro-calophyHum P. Vard.: 33 (JL 397).

Afroalpine. On dry soil among rocks in Helichry sum community. 4000 m.

Bryum alpinum With, \ar.perrevolutum P. Vard.: 33 (JL 531, 557, RE 106ax, 106b). EB I. On moist soil. 4000 m.

Bryum argenteum Hedw.: 33 (JL 468, 530, 590), 35 (JL 540), 36 (JL 520, 546). EB II. On soil in

Helichrysum community at 4000 m and as epiphyte in Podocarpus-Juniperus forest.

Bryum billiardieri Schwaegr.: 36 (JL 396). Pan

tropical and widespread in tropical Africa. Epi phyte.

Bryum ellipsifolium C. Muell.: 33 (JL 558, RE

91). Vertical rock faces and moist soil. 4000 m. Mt.

Kenya, Mt. Kilimanjaro, and Tierra del Fuego. Bryum huillense Welw. & Dub.: 36 (JL 893), 38

(BV 405, RE 31). Pantropical. 950 m.

Bryum inclusum C. Muell. (Syn.: B. bujukense P.

Vard.): 33 (JL 892). This moss has only been col

lected at high altitudes, 3000-4500 m, on the East African mountains Kilimanjaro, Ruwenzori, and

Elgon. It is very characteristic having concave

leaves with a typical border. It is of dwarf stature.

Ochi (1972) regarded the plants as an alpine form of B. pseudotriquetrum, because of the weak teeth near the leaf ap&. These teeth are absent in our

plants, and the ecology is also different, so we prefer to keep these plants as a separate taxon using C.

M?ller's name.

Bryum keniae C. Muell. (Syn: Rhodobryum ke

niae (C. Muell.) Broth.): 14 (FARV, 150a), 15 (IF

2809), 36 (RE 152), 38 (RE 68a). EB I. In swamp in Lobelia-Senecio cherangianensis forest and on

fallen trunks in upland rainforest. 950-2850 m.

Bryum leptoneuron P. Vard.: 30 (IF 2827). EB I. New to the Taita Hills. On forest floor. 2200 m.

Bryum nitens Hook.: 20 (IF 2786). Widespread in tropical Asia, Australia, Oceania and Africa. On

trunk of Olea africana.

Bryum aff. pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn.,

Meyer & Scherb.: 33 (JL 415, 425, 433, RE 108). 36 (RE 199). EB I. On moist soil in Helichrysum

community and on slopes with giant Senecios. 4000 m. The Danish collections represent alpine forms

also known from mountains in Europe.

Mniaceae

Plagiomnium rostratum (Schrad.) Kop. s.lat.: 11

(FHJ 70-69), 18 (IF 2774, 2796), 36 (JL 603, RE 156, 157cx). EB I. New to Ethiopia, Mt. Meru in


Tanzania and Cherangani Hills in Kenya. Collected from moist soil and as epiphyte. 2100-2400 m.

Rhizogoniaceae Rhizogonium spiniforme (Hedw.) Bruch: 38 (BV 328, 353, 423, RE 42). EB I. Epiphytic in rainfor est. 950 m.

Bartramiaceae Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid.: 33 (JL 460, RE

105, 117). Circumboreal. In Africa in Algeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania. On moist rocks, in

swamp, and on slope with giant Senecios. 4000 m.

RE 105 and 117 have the nerves long excurrent

thus approaching P. platyneura P. Vard. Philonotis hastata (Dub.) Wijk & Marg.: 9 (FHJ

70-65), 33 (JL 496), 36 (RE 159), 37 (RE 82), 38 (BV 388, 394, 418, RE 26, 50), EB I, II. On soil and rocks in forests, plantations and heaths

950-4000 m.

Philonotis tomentella Mol. (Syn: P. fontana

(Hedw.) Brid. var. pumila (Turn.) Brid.): 33 (JL 426, 461, 572). EB I. In Helichrysum heath and on

slope with giant Senecios. Bartramia afro-ithyphylla Broth.: 33 (RE 118).

Altimontane in East Africa. Ruwenzori Mts., Mt.

Kenya and Kilimanjaro. In swamp. 4000 m.

Bartramia hampeana C. Muell.: 33 (JL 441, 448). So far this species was only known from Cape, Na

tal, Transvaal and Lesotoho in South Africa. It is

thus new to Tanzania, where it was collected from

soil in Helichrysum community and Lobelia heath at

4000 m.

Bartramia cf. jungneri Par.: 33 (JL 447, 465,

591). EB I. New to the Shira plateau. Collected in

the same habitats as the previous species. Bartramia cf. ruwenzorensis Broth.: 33 (JL 434,

RE 99). Earlier reports from Ruwenzori, Mt. Ke

nya, Elgon and Kilimanjaro. On damp soil in Phi

lippia community. 4000 m.

Breutelia diffracta Mitt. (Syn.: B. subgnaphalea (C. Muell.) Kindb.): 30 (IF 2820), 33 (JL 445, 446, 469, 492, RE 93, 106ay, 133), 36 (RE 130). EB I.

On moist soil and rocks. 2200-4000 m.

Anacolia laevisphaera (Tayl.) Flow.: 15 (IF 2806), 33 (JL 457, 464), 36 (JL 514, 515, RE 123, 129a, 139, 154). Widespread tropical species. On

soil and rocks in forest and heath. 2100?4000 m.

Orthotrichaceae

Amphidium cyathicarpum (Mont.) Broth.: 33 (JL 563, 568, 593). Reported from South America,

Australia and New Zealand. Widespread in tropical (3600-4500 m) and South Africa. On moist soil and

rocks in Helichrysum community. 4000 m.

Zygodon reinwardtii (Hornsch.) Braun: 33 (JL 439, 565). Reported from Alaska, Mexico, South

America from Venezuela to Tierra del Fuego, Ha

waii, and SE Asia. In Africa restricted to Ruwenzo

ri, Elgon, and Kilimanjaro between 1900?3750 m.

On rocks and soil in Helichrysum community.

273




Zygodon trichomitrius Hook & Wils. var. mild braedii (Broth.) Malta: 36 (JL 554). EB I. On soil in forest.

Leptodontiopsis fragilifolia Broth.: 10 (FHJ 70-16), 33 (JL 458, 523, 559). Collected at Ru

wenzori, Mayopa, Ighembe, Elgon, Mt. Kenya, and

Kilimanjaro at 1800 m and 3600-4600 m. New to

Ethiopia, epiphytic at 2000 m. At the Shira plateau the habitat was always very moist being either rock

walls or stems of giant Senecios. 4000 m.

Orthotrichum aequatoreum Mitt.: 10 (FHJ 70-18b). Ecuador in South America, Ethiopia,

Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania. Epiphytic. 2000 m.

Det. by J. Lewinsky. Orthotrichum affine Brid.: 33 (JL 677). A wide

spread species which is alpine in tropical Africa. It has been reported from Ethiopia, Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. At the Shira plateau O. affine is a common epiphyte on the giant Senecios. 4000

m. Det. by J. Lewinsky. Orthotrichum denticulatum Lewinsky: 10 (FHJ

70-18c). This taxon is restricted to East Africa, where it has been collected in Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Rwanda. Epiphyte at 2000 m. Det. by J. Le

winsky. Macromitrium abyssinicum C. Muell.: 9 (FHJ

70-49), 16 (IF 2780a), 23 (RE 3b, 15a), 33 (JL 462), 35 (JL 491), 36 (JL 499, 511). EB I. New to

Aberdare National Park. Epiphyte in forest. 1700-4000 m.

Macromitrium levatum Mitt.: 14 (FARV 135), 38

(BV 397). EB I. Although widespread in the mountains of tropical Africa this moss has not pre viously been reported from Ethiopia. Epiphyte. 950-1800 m.

Macromitrium rufescens Besch.: 30 (IF 2822,

2824), 36 (JL 509). Previously reported from Tan zania and Madagascar. New to Kenya, the Taita

Hills, and Mt. Meru in Tanzania. Epiphyte. 2200 m.

Macromitrium subpungens C. Muell.: 38 (BV 348, 364, 379b, 380, 384b, 396, 398). Common to

Tanzania and Madagascar. Epiphyte in rainforest. 950 m.

Macromitrium tristratosum Dix.: 38 (RE 30,

63b). EB I. Epiphytic. 950 m.

Schlotheimia fragilifolia Th?r. & Nav.: 10 (FHJ

70-15), 38 (RE 60). Previously known only from

Penghe in Zaire. New to Ethiopia, Belleta Forest, and Tanzania, Amani. Epiphytic. 950-2000 m. The

specimens are in bad conditions and this may ac count for the many broken leaves.

Schlotheimia rigescens Broth.: 38 (BV 399, 400). EB I. Epiphyte in rainforest. 950 m.

Groutiella tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Marg.: 38 (BV 384a). Pantropical. In Africa reported from

Cameroon, Gabon, Guinea, Republique Centro

africaine, Zaire, Tanzania, and Mauritius. New to the Usambara Mts. Epiphyte. 950 m.

Racopilaceae Racopilum africanum Mitt.: 4 (FARV 167b, 172a,

176a), 14 (FARV 141a). EB I. New to Ethiopia. No information on habitat.

274

Racopilum capense Broth.: 4 (FARV 174a), 14

(FARV 139b), 18 (IF 2781), 36 (JL 552), 38 (BV 408, 414a). Widespread in tropical and in South

Africa. New to Ethiopia. Collected from rocks, soil, and trees in forest. 1500-2600 m.

Racopilum macrocarpum Broth.: 36 (JL 503, 504

602). EB I. On rocks in forest at Matama Post. 1800 m.

Racopilum plicatum Ren. & Card.: 38 (RE 29, 32, 38, 70). EB I. Epiphytic and on rock wall. 950

m.

Racopilum speluncae C. Muell.: 9 (FHJ 70-54), 14 (FARV 151a), 38 (BV 382). Zaire, Uganda,

Kenya and Tanzania. New to Ethiopia. Epiphyte. 950-1800 m.

Hedwigiaceae Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv.: 33 (RE 115). EB I. On rocks. 4000 m.

Hedwigidium integrifolia (P. Beauv.) Dix. (Syn.: Hedwigidium imberbe (Sm.) B.S.G): 21 (IF 2830), 33 (RE, 114). A widespread species reported from

many localities in Africa but new to Ethiopia, and

Kakamega Forest in Kenya. On forest floor and on

rocks. 2200-4000 m.

Braunia camptoclada P. Vard & Th?r.: 15 (IF 2811), 36 (JL 516). EB I. New to the Kapsangar areas. On soil in Juniperus procera -forest. 2850 m.

Braunia schimperianum (Hamp.) Jaeg.: 19 (IF 2785). New to Kenya. Epiphyte in Podocarpus gra cilior forest. 2550 m.

Cryphaeaceae Acrocryphaea robusta Broth.: 7 (FARV 161c,

161e), 10 (FHJ 70-14), 14 (FARV 120f, 127b, 140b, 149a), 38 (BV 372). EB I. New to Ethiopia.

Epiphytic on Coffea and Mangifera indica. 1530-2000 m.

Cryphaea robusta Broth. & Th?r.: 3 (FARV 163b), 9 (FHJ 70-8, 70-55), 14 (FARV 127a).

Reported from the Nairobi area in Kenya, and Ki

limanjaro, Ngorongoro and Ukaguru in Tanzania. New to Ethiopia, where it was collected in Coffea plantation and on a moist rocky slope. 1500-2400 m.

Forsstroemia produc?a (Hornsch.) Par.: 24 (IF 2763), 28 (IF 2816). Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania,

Malawi and Cape in South Africa. New to Wunda

nyi in Kenya. Epiphyte on trunks of old Acocanth era.

Leucodontaceae Leucodon dracaenae Vent.: 15 (IF 2777), 18 (IF 2802), 22 (IF 2765), 23 (RE 3a), 33 (JL 560), 35 (JL 481, 484), 36 (JL 521, 548, 549, RE 125, 129d, 137a). EB I. Epiphytic in Juniperus

? Podocarpus

milanjianus and bamboo forest and on stems of gi ant Senecios in more open vegetation. 2650-4000

m.

Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid.: 33 (JL 436, 466). EB I. On soil and at the base o? Philippia trunks. 4000 m.



Pterogonium gracile (Hedw.) Sm.: 15 (IF 2778), 16 (IF 2780b), 35 (JL 485, 487), 36 (JL 498, 505, 522, RE 140). EB I. Epiphytic in forest. 2830-2950

m.

Prionodontaceae Prionodon ciliatus Besch.: 14 (FARV 131a), 36 (JL

506). EB I. New to Ethiopia and Mt. Meru in Tan

zania. Epiphyte. 1800 m.

Trachypodaceae

Diaphanodon friisii Bizot & Lewinsky sp. nov. -

Fig. 2.

D. blando (Harv.) Ren. & Card, ex Asia

descripto habitu similis sed robustior. Caules

ad 5 cm longi, bipinnati. Rami sub ?ngulo recto emissi, 8-10 mm longi. Folia caulina

ovate lanceolata, longe acuminata, 1-5 X 0.3

mm magna, denticulata, marginibus per dimi

diam partem vel tres partes revolutis, cellulis


brevibus rectangulis in una serie vel duabus

tres partes folii marginantibus. Nervus apicem

attingens, 60-80 urn latus. Cellulae mediae

folii rhombicae, 6-8 x 16-18 urn magnae,

quaeque papilla unica centrali armata. Folia

ramea caulinis similia, brevius acuminata,

subtiliter denticulata, plana. Gametoecia et

sporophyta ignota.

Habitus like the Asian Diaphanodon blandus

(Harv.) Ren. & Card., but more robust. Stems

up to 5 cm long, bipinnate. Branches perpen

dicular to the stem, 8-10 mm long. Stem

leaves ovate lanceolate, long acuminate, 1-5

x 0.3 mm; margins with 1 or 2 rows of short

rectangular cells reaching 3/4 up the leaf, rev

olute 1/2 -3/4 the length, denticulate. Nerve

reaching to the apex, 60-80 urn broad. Medi

an leaf cells rhomboidal, 6-8 x 16-18 urn,

Fig. 2. Diaphanodon friisii Bizot & Lewinsky sp. nov. 1. Habit. 2. Stem leaves. 3. Branch leaves. 4. Upper leaf

cells. 5. Leaf apex. 6. Decurrent part of leaf. 7. Cross section of stem.

275




with a single central papilla. Branch leaves

like the stem leaves but shorter acuminate,

denticulate, plane. Gametoecia and sporo

phytes unknown.

Type: Ethiopia. Bonga, at waterfall near the Catholic Mission (loc. 14). January 10, 1973.

Friis, Aweke, Rasmussen & Vollesen 152 a.

C. Further collections of this species from the

same locality are Friis, Aweke, Rasmussen &

Vollesen 121 b and 137e.

This genus is new for Africa, and it might be

suspected to be conspecific with already de

scribed species from other continents. How

ever, the species is very distinct. In habit it

resembles D. blandus, but differs from this

species by having triangular lanceolate, plane,

slightly dentate branch leaves. In the Asian

species the branch leaves are ovate, very con

cave and distinctly dentate. Like in the Indian D. procumbens (C. Muell.) Ren. & Card, the

shape of stem and branch leaves is very uni

form.

Trachypus bicolor Reinw. & Hornsch. var. viri

dulus (Mitt.) Zant.: 36 (JL 410, RE 129c), 38 (BV 327). EB I. Epiphyte in forest. 950-2600 m.

Trachypodopsis serrulata (P. Beauv.) Fleisch.: 12

(FARV 153), 14 (FARV 125). EB I. New to Eth iopia. In forest. 1750-1800 m.

Pterobryaceae Jaegerina stolonifera (C. Muell.) C. Muell. ssp. lati

cuspis (J. Tayl. & P. Vard.) Argent (Syn.: Jaegerina

laticuspis J. Tayl. & P. Vard.): 38 (BV 338, 341, RE

39). EB I. Epiphyte in rainforest. 950 m.

Pterobryon flagelliferum Mitt. (Syn.: Pterobry opsis flagellifera (Mitt.) Broth.): 38 (BV 371, RE 35, 58). EB I. Epiphyte in rainforest. 950 m.

Calyptothecium acutifolium (Brid.) Broth, var.

longiusculum (Dus.) Argent (Syn.: Calyptothecium longiusculum (Dus.) Broth.): 14 (FARV 138), 38 (RE 63 a). This variety is known from Cameroon,

Tanzania and Zambia. New to Ethiopia. No infor mation on habitat.

Calyptothecium hoehnelii (C. Muell.) Argent (Syn.: Renauldia hoehnelii (C. Muell.) Broth.): 18

(IF 2770, 2787), 36 (JL 502, RE 135a, 157cy), 38 (BV 386). EB I, II. New to the Amani area and the

Cherangani Hills, Epiphyte. 950-2330 m.

Hildebrandtiella pachyciada Besch.: 38 (BV 370, 375, 401, 409). EB I. On Mangifera indica. 950 m.

276

Orthostichidium involutifoilium (Mitt.) Broth.: 10 (FHJ 70-17). Reported from most of the coun

tries in West Africa, but new to East Africa, Ethi

opia. Epiphyte. 2000 m.

Orthostichopsis subimbricata (Hamp.) Broth.

(Syn.: Pilotrichella pilifolia Dix.): 18 (IF 2771,

2800), 21 (IF 2810), 38 (BV 356, 383, 404). EB I. New to Kenya. On tree trunk. 950-2600 m.

Meteoriaceae

Squamidium biforme (Hamp.) Broth. (Syn.: S. chlorothrix (C. Muell.) Broth.): 14 (FARV 131f).

EB I. New to Ethiopia. No information on the hab

itat. Pilotrichella ampullacea (C. Muell.) Jaeg.: 18 (IF

2772), 30 (IF 2836), 36 (JL 411, RE 129f). EB I, II. New to the Taita Hills and Cherangani Hills.

Epiphyte. 2200-2600 m.

Pilotrichella cuspidata Broth.: 2 (FARV 177), 3

(FARV 163a), 6 (FARV 117a, 158a, 160a), 8 (FHJ 70-59), 9 (FHJ 70-7, 70-56), 10 (FHJ 70-2), 14 (FARV 128b, 131b, 131c, 140c) 34 (RE 90), 36 (JL 401, 404), 38 (BV 368). Reported from several localities in Kenya and Tanzania, but new to the

Usambara Mts. The records from Ethiopia are new

for this country. Pilotrichella isleana Besch.: 36 (RE 127b). EB I.

New to Mt. Meru. Epiphyte. 2800 m.

Papillaria africana (C. Muell.) Jaeg.: 4 (FARV 169a), 6 (FARV 117b), 35 (JL 482, 483, 486, 490), 36 (JL 507, 508, 550, 551, RE 121 ). EB I, II.

Although widespread in East and South Africa and on the East African islands, P. africana has not pre viously been reported from Ethiopia. Epiphytic in forest. 1500-2600 m.

Aerobryidium subpiligerum (Hamp.) Card.: 38

(BV 406, RE 64). EB I, II. Epiphyte. 950 m.

Lindigia africana Broth.: 14 (FARV 137d). Re

ported from Ruwenzori, Gikungu and Rugege on the African continent and Imerina on Madagascar.

New to Ethiopia. No information on the habitat. Floribundaria floribunda (Doz. & Molk.) Fleisch.:

3 (FARV 162b), 4 (FARV 168a, 168b, 171a, 173c, 174b, 176b), 5 (FARV 164b), 10 (FHJ 70-1, 70-5), 14 (FARV 121c, 134b, 145a, 150b), 38 (BV 349). EB I. Epiphytic. 1500-2000 m. Due to the lack of sporophytes it is impossible to tell if some of the specimens belong to F. cameruniae (Dus.) C.

Muell.

Floribundaria patentissima (C. Muell.) Fleisch, var. squarrosa (Ren. & Card.) Ren. & Card.: 4

(FARV 165a, 175b), 10 (FHJ 70-3), 14 (FARV 121a, 137a, 150c, 152b). EB I. Previously this va

riety was only reported from Tanzania on the Afri can continent. It is thus new to Ethiopia, where it

grew as epiphyte between 1500-2000 m.

Neckeraceae

Leptodon smithii (Hedw.) Web & Mohr.: 28 (IF 2817, 2818). EB I. New to the Wundanyi area.

Epiphyte. The var. beccari (C. Muell.) Tong. was



also collected: 24 (IF 2762a, 2764), 35 (JL 480,

594). It grew on trunk of old Acocanthera in forest.

Neckera submacrocarpa Dix.: 33 (RE 122,127a). Cameroon, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire and Rwanda. New to Mt. Meru. Epiphyte at 2600 m.

The specimens have well developed paraphyllia and an endostome with well developed dentate proces ses. N. platyantha (C. Muell.) Par. on the other hand have only few paraphyllia, processes which are only half the height of the endostome, and not striate exostome teeth. Confirmed by De Sloover.

Neckera platyantha (C. Muell.) Par.: 9 (FHJ 70-58), 18 (IF 2784), 22 (IF 2768), 34 (RE 88), 35 (JL 402, 408). EB I. New to Ethiopia, Eldoret, and

Cherangani. Epiphyte in Podocarpus milanjianus forest. 1700-3000 m.

Neckera remota C. Muell.: 9 (FHJ 70-11), 10

(FHJ 70-26), 22 (IF 2767, 2769), 35 (JL 419), 36 (JL 400, 412). EB I. New to the Eldoret area.

Epiphyte. 1700-2650 m.

Neckeropsis lepineana (Mont.) Flesich.: 38 (BV 310a, 326, 421, RE 41). EB I. Epiphyte in rainfor est. 950 m.

Pinnatella flagellacea (Mitt.) Par.: 10 (FHJ

70-4), 14 (FARV 128a, 133, 134a, 151b). Known from Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, and Tan

zania. New to Ethiopia. Epiphyte on trees.

1500-2000 m.

Pinnatella oblongifrondea (Broth.) Broth.: 21 (IF 2813), 38 (BV 325, 365). EB I. New to Kenya. Epiphyte on tree trunk. 950-1500 m.

Pinnatella tamariscina (Hamp.) Broth.: 38 (BV 412). EB I. Epiphyte. 950 m.

Porothamnium hildebrandtii (C. Muell.) Fleisch.:

3 (FARV 162a), 4 (FARV 170, 171b, 176c, 176d), 5 (FARV 164a, 164c), 14 (FARV 144, 145b, FHJ 70-39), 18 (IF 2790), 21 (IF 2799, 2801), 35 (JL 424, 599), 36 (RE 127c), 38 (BV 333, 344, 369, 385, 402, RE 56). EB I, II. Epiphyte. 950-2800 m.

Porothamnium molliculum (Broth.) Fleisch.: 36

(JL 409). Cameroon, Kenya, and Tanzania. New to

Meru. Epiphyte.

Hookeriaceae

Cyclodictyon vallis-gratiae (C. Muell.) O. Kuntze:

38 (BV 391, 392). EB I. On stones in small brook let mixed with Philonotis hastata (Dub.) Wijk &

Marg. 950 m.

Callicostella usambarica (Broth.) Broth.: 38 (BV

367). EB I. Epiphyte. 950 m.

Lepidopilum lastii Mitt.: (FARV 121d, 136,

137b), 23 (RE 14). Reported from Tanzania, Zaire,

Rwanda, and Malawi. New to Ethiopia, and Kenya. 1800-3000 m.

Chaetomitrium dusenii Broth, var. brevinerve (P.

Vard.) P. Vard.: 38 (BV 362). Amani is the only

locality in East Africa where C. dusenii4 var. brevi nerve has been collected. Otherwise the species and

variety is only reported from West Africa.

Hypopterygiaceae Hypopterygium mildbraedii Broth.: 14 (FARV 130,


FHJ 70-62), 18 (IF 2798, 2803), 36 (JL 495). EB I, II. New to Meru in Tanzania, Cherangani Hills in

Kenya and to Ethiopia. Epiphyte. 1800-2600 m.

Hypopterygium viridissimum C. Muell.: 14

(FARV 118a), 21 (IF 2768, 2794), 36 (JL 510, 547), 38 (BV 363, 387, RE 52). EB I, II. New to

Ethiopia. As epiphyte and on rocks in forest.

950-1800 m.

Fabroniaceae

Rhizofabronia perpilosa (Broth.) Broth.: 36 (JL 663, RE 155). EB I. Epiphyte. 2100 m.

Rhizofabronia personii (Schwaegr.) Fleisch.: 36

(JL 500). EB I. New to Meru. Epiphyte in forest. Var. sphaerocarpa (Dus.) Bizot: 30 (IF 2750). EB I.

New to the Taita Hills.

Leskeaceae Pseudoleskea pseudoattenuata (C. Muell.) Broth.:

35 (JL 598). Ethiopia/ Eritrea, Ruwenzori and Ca

pe. New to Tanzania, Kilimanjaro. Epiphyte in Po

docarpus -

Juniperus forest.

Thuidiaceae Herpetineuron toccoae (Sull. & Lesq.) Card.: 4

(FARV 169d, 173a). Pantropical but uncommon in

Africa, where it has been reported from Guinea,

Empire Centrafricaine, Tanzania, and South Africa. This is thus first record from Ethiopia. No informa tion on the habitat.

Thuidium chenagonii C. Muell.: 21 (IF 2805). Widespread in tropical Africa. New to Kakamega.

Thuidium matarumense Besch. (Syn.: T. loricaly cinum (C. Muell.) Kindb.): 36 (JL 494). EB I.

Thuidium versicolor (C. Muell.) Broth.: 4

(FARV 165b, 167c, 169b, 172b, 175a), 7 (FARV 161f), 9 (FHJ 70-21), 11 (FHJ 70-68). EB I. New to Ethiopia. On moist shaded soil. 1700-2300 m.

Hylocomiopsis cylindricarpa Th?r.: 6 (FARV

160b), 14 (FARV 117c, 120b, 140a). Reported from Cameroon in West Africa and several locali ties in East Africa. New to Ethiopia. No informa tion on habitat.

Amblystegiaceae Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst.: 33 (JL 429, 450, 470, 471, 587, RE 97 101). EB I. On

moist soil in Helichrysum community and on slopes with giant Senecios. 4000 m.

Brachytheciaceae Palamocladium sericeum (Jaeg.) C. Muell.: 15 (IF 2776), 16 (IF 2779a), 18 (IF 2773a, 2792, 2795), 23 (RE 6), 35 (JL 488, 489, 536), 36 (JL 391, 536,

RE 135b). EB I. New to the Cherangani Hills. Epi

phyte in bamboo and Podocarpus-Juniperus forest. 2600-3000 m.

Brachythecium afro-glareosum (Broth.) Par.: 3

(FAftV 173b), 35 (JL 538), 36 (JL 545). Kenya and Tanzania. First records for Ethiopia and Mt.

Meru. Epiphyte in Podocarpus-Juniperus forest.

277




Brachythecium atrotheca (Dub.) Besch.: 9 (FHJ 70-20). EB I. New to Ethiopia. In Coffea planta tion. 1800 m.

Brachythecium borgenii (Hamp.) Jaeg.: 35 (JL 395). The Danish collection is the first made on the

African continent. Previously B. borgenii was only

reported from Madagascar. It grew as epiphyte in

Podocarpus-Juniperus forest.

Brachythecium duemmeri Dix.: 36 (JL 394). EB I. New to Mt. Meru. Epiphyte in forest.

Brachythecium gloriosum (C. Muell.) Kindb.: 1

(FHJ 70-23). Previously reported from Mt. Kenya and Kilimanjaro. New to Ethiopia. No habitat in

formation.

Brachythecium hedbergii P. Vard.: 33 (JL 526). Previously only known from the type locality, Mt.

Speke (4500 m), where the moss was found in a

small glacier stream. The Shira collection is from soil on slope with giant Senecio. 4000 m. New to

Tanzania.

Brachythecium nigro-viride Kindb.: 33 (JL 527). Ruwenzori, Kilimanjaro and the Uluguru Mts. At base o? Philippia. 4000 m.

Brachythecium ugandae Dix.: 14 (FARV 143), 33 (JL 428). Uganda and Kenya, 2100-4450 m.

New to Tanzania and Ethiopia. 1500 and 4000 m.

Brachythecium vellereum (Mitt.) Jaeg.: 23 (RE 2a), 33 (JL 529), 35 (JL 423). Cameroon, Ethiopia, Zaire, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania. At the Shira

plateau the moss was observed in hollows between

Scirpus tufts. Other collections as epiphytes in Po

docarpus-Juniperus forest. 2000-4000 m.

Schimperella atrotheca (P. Vard.) P. Vard.: 11

(FHJ 70-6), 14 (FARV 120e, 137c, 145c), 36 (JL 519). Reported from Aberdare Mts., Mt. Kenya and Kilimanjaro. New to Ethiopia and Mt. Meru in

Tanzania. 2300-2400 m.

Rhynchostegium distans Besch.: 1 (FHJ 70-74). Rwanda, Tanzania, and R?union. New to Ethiopia. No information on the habitat.

Rhynchostegium volkensii (Broth.) Par.: 23 (RE 4). EB I. In bamboo forest. 3000 m.

Rhynchostegiella holstii (Broth.) Broth.: 38 (BV 381). EB I. Epiphyte. 950 m.

Eurhynchiella decurrens P. Vard.: 33 (JL 586). Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. Epiphyte on giant Senecio outside of crater-rim. 4000 m.

Entodontaceae

Erythrodontium rotundifolium (C. Muell.) Par.: 14

(FARV 149b), 36 (JL 606). Tanzania and Rhode sia. New to Ethiopia. No information on habitat.

Erythrodontium subjulaceum (C. Muell.) Par.: 9

(FHJ 70-51), 14 (FARV 119a, 122, 141c, 142). EB I. 1500-1800 m.

Entodon dregeanus (Hornsch.) C. Muell.: 4

(FARV 166a, 167a), 14 (FARV 124, 141b).

Eastern Zaire, Rwanda, Kenya, Malawi, and Rho desia. New to Ethiopia. 1500-1800 m.

Entodon geminidens (Besch.) Par.: 7 (FARV 161a). EB I. New to Ethiopia. On Coffea in Coffea

plantation. 1530 m.

Levierella fabroniacea C. Muell. var abyssinica (Broth.) Dix.: 14 (FARV 139a). This variety is known from East and South Africa, whereas the

species is Asiatic. 1800 m.

Levierella perserrata P. Vard. & Leroy.: 14

(FARV 149c). Zaire, Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zambia. 1800 m.

Plagiotheciaceae Stereophyllum nitens Mitt.: 14 (FARV 120 fx).

Widespread in tropical Africa but not previously reported from Ethiopia. No information on habitat.

Plagiothecium mildbraedii Broth.: 33 (JL 389, 390, 406). Uganda and Kenya. New to Tanzania.

At base of Philippia and on slope with giant Sene cio. 4000 m.

Isopterygium phlyctitheca P. Vard.: 38 (BV 329,

342). Kivu, Biega, and Kilimanjaro Mts. New to the Usambara Mts. Epiphyte. 950 m.

Sematophyllaceae

Wijkiella kenyae Bizot & Lewinsky gen. et sp. nov. -

Fig. 3.

Caules irregulariter ramificati, 1 - 1.5 cm lon

gi, repentes, interdum rhizoidibus affixi.

Pseudoparaphyllia praesentia. Folia caulina

erecta, ovata, longe, paene pilacee acuminata, 1.75-2 x 0.5 mm magna, plana, integerrima.

Nervus brevis, sextam vel quartam partem fo

lii attingens, duplex. Folia ramea brevius

acuminata. Cellulae mediae folii elongate

hexagonae, 25 x 8 um magnae; alares hyali

nae, subquadratae, 15 x 12 urn magnae, cel

lulis paucis majoribus inflatis plerumque se

riem basalem formantibus. Propaguli filifor

mes e cellulis rotundatis isodiametricis unise

riatis formati, papillosi, erecti, in axillis folio

rum superiorum fasciculati. Folia perichaeti alia 3-4 mm longa apicibus perlongis inclu

sis, subintegerrima. Seta 15 mm longa, laevis,

rubescens. Capsula ovoides, 2x1 mm magna, horizontalis. Operculum conicum. Anulus

nullus. Peristomium validum; exostomium

300 urn longum, infra striatum, supra papil

Fig. 3. Wijkiella kenyae Bizot & Lewinsky gen. etsp. nov. 1. Habit. 2. Stem leaves. 3. Branch leaves. 4. Upper leaf cells. 5. Leaf apex. 6. Alar cells. 7. Pseudoparaphyllia. 8. Cross section of stem. 9. Brood bodies. 10.

Capsules. 11. Peristome and one spore.

278




4?WD?? 100 pm

279




losum; endostomium e membrana basali terti

am partem dentium alta et processibus altitu

dinem dentium attingentibus, integerrimis, non divisis vel lacunosis, aperte papillosis

formatum, ciliis papillosis, brevibus, saepe deficientibus. Sporae laeves vel subtilissime

granulosae, 12 u\m diam.

Stems irregularly branched, 1 - 1.5 cm long,

creeping over the substrate sometimes at

tached by rhizoids. Pseudoparaphyllia pres ent. Stems leaves erect, ovate, long acumi

nate, almost piliferous, 1.75-2 x 0.5 mm,

plane, entire. Nerve short, double, 1/6-1/4 of

the leaf length. Branch leaves shorter acumi

nate. Median leaf cells hexagonal elongate, 25

x 8 urn; alar cells hyaline, subquadrate, 15 X

12 urn, usually with a basal row of few inflated

larger cells. Brood bodies in clusters in the

upper leaf axils, filamentous of 1 row of rounded quadrate cells, papillose, erect. Peri

chaetial leaves very long, 3-4 mm, with very

long apices, almost entire. Seta 15 mm, red

dish, smooth. Capsule ovate, 2x1 mm, hori

zontal. Lid conic. Annulus missing. Peristome

well developed; exostome 300 urn long, striate at the base, papillose above; endosto

me with a basal membrane about a third the

height of the teeth, processes as high as the

teeth, openly papillose, entire not divided or

lacunose, cilia papillose, short or absent.

Spores smooth or very finely granul?se, 12

um.

Type: Kenya. Shimba Hills S. of Mombasa, (loc. 32). Rainforest. 300 m. June 21. 1970.

Rasmussen & Esbensen 23. C. Further col

lection from the same locality is Rasmussen &

Esbensen 19.

Wijkiella kenyae is a distinct species with

many characters showing relationship with

mosses in the Sematophyllaceae of the Hyp nobryales. Brotherus' division of this family into subfamilies (Brotherus, 1925) is mainly

based on gametophyte structures, e.g. the

presence of brood bodies, which occur in the

Clastobryoideae only. In this subfamily, how

ever, the exostome teeth are non striate and

the basal membrane usually low. These char

280

act ers are not correlated in our plants. More

over, Tixier (1977) in his revision of the Clas

tobryoideae describes no taxon similar to W.

kenyae. It also differs from the members of the Se

matophylloideae in the well developed leaf nerves, the dimorphic leaves, and the opercula with short points.

A relationship with the members of Wijkia Crum (Syn.: Acanthocladium Mitt.) in the

Heterophylloideae is recalled by the structure of the alar cells, the dimorphic leaves, the well

developed peristomes, and the horizontal

slightly curved capsules. Due to the presence of brood bodies, the well developed double leaf nerves, the pseudoparaphyllia, and the

smaller size of the plants we think, however, it

is most correctly placed in the new genus Wij

kiella, which is related to Wijkia Crum. So far W. kenyae is the only species described within

the genus.

Wijkia trichocolea (C. Muell.) Crum (Syn.: Acan thocladium trichocolea (C. Muell.) Broth.): 12

(FARV 154a), 14 (FARV 126b, 129, 134c). EB I. New to Ethiopia. No habitat information.

Sematophyllum caespitosum (Hedw.) Mitt.: 4

(FARV 169c), 38 (BV 336, 347, 350, 373, 376, 378, 379a, 403, 416, RE 33). EB I, III. New to

Ethiopia. In forest on soil or trunks of Mangifera indica. 950-1500 m.

Trichosteleum mammillipes Broth.: 38 (BV 332,

334). EB I. Epiphyte in rainforest. 950 m.

Macrohymenium acidodon (Mont.) Doz. & Molk.: 30 (IF 2829). Tanzania, Madagascar, R? union and Seychelles. New to Kenya.

Hypnaceae Hypnum aduncoides (Brid.) C. Muell.: 38 (RE 49,

76). EB I, II. On soil and on rocks in stream. 950 m.

Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.: 4 (FARV 172cz), 15 (IF 2775), 16 (IF 2779b), 18 (IF 2773b, 2793), 32 (RE 21), 33 (JL 476, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581), 35 (JL 420, 541, 600), 36 (JL 512, 513, 604). EB I.

Epiphytic and on soil. 1500-4000 m.

Ectropothecium regulare (Brid.) Jaeg.: 38 (BV 352, 357, 420, RE 66). EB I, II. On soil in rainfor est. 950 m.

Vesicularia galericulata (Dub.) Broth.: 14 (FHJ 70-63), 38 (BV 337, 345, 358, 395). EB I. New to

Ethiopia. Collected from tree trunk at 1800 m.

Mittenothamnium cavifolium (Dix.) Wijk &

Marg.: 4 (FARV 166b), 13 (FARV 156a, 156b), 14 (FARV 132a). Mulanje Mts. in S. Malawi and Cape in South Africa. New to Ethiopia. No habitat infor

mation.



Mittenothamnium cygnicollum (Dix.) Wijk &

Marg.: 18 (IF 2788), 30 (IF 2823). EB I. New to Kenya. Epiphyte in Podocarpus milanjianus forest.

2200 -2600 m.

Mittenothamnium cf. patens (Hamp.) Card.: 38

(BV 424). M. patens is previously reported from

Transvaal. In Amani the moss grew as epiphyte in

the rainforest. 950 m.

Rhacopilopsis trinitensis Dix.: 38 (BV 361). EB I.

Epiphyte. 950 m.

Polytrichaceae Pogonatum aloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv.: 37 (RE 87). EB III. Widespread. In tropical Africa in Ruwen

zori, the Mulanje Mts., and Tanzania. New to Mwe ka at Kilimanjaro. On soil. 1000 m.

Pogonatum holstii (Broth.) Par.: 10 (FHJ 70-24, 70-76, 70-78a), 14 (FHJ 70-35), 38 (BV 351, 389,

413). Kenya and Tanzania. New to Ethiopia. On forest floor in rainforest and on moist slopes along road. 950 - 2400 m.

Pogonatum oligodus (C. Muel.) Mitt.: 10 (FHJ 70-78b). Tropical and South Africa. No habitat information.

Pogonatum potieri Demar. & Leroy.: 33 (RE 116b). Zaire and Tanzania. On soil. 4000 m.

Pogonatum usambaricum (Broth.) Par.: 38 (RE 69). The Usambara and Uluguru Mts. in Tanzania,

Mt. Kenya in Kenya. Polytrichum commune Hedw.: 23 (RE 9), 33 (JL

571). EB II. On soil in Philippia community, 4000

m, and in bamboo forest, 3000 m.

Polytrichum keniae Dix.: 33 (JL 570). Ruwenzo

ri, Elgon, Kenya, Kilimanjaro and Mt. Meru. On soil along small stream in Helichrysum community. 4000 m.

Polytrichum piliferum Hedw.: 33 (JL 453, 459, 525, RE 104, 116a). Altimontane in tropical Afri

ca, otherwise circumboreal. On soil and rocks in

Helichrysum community. 4000 m.

Polytrichum subformosum Besch.: 30 (IF 2821, 2826, 2832). EB I. New to the Taita Hills. On soil and rocks. 2200 m.

Polytrichum subpilosum P. Beauv.: 15 (IF 2812), 30 (IF 2831). Tanzania, East Usambara. New to

Kenya. The Taita-collection is from rocks in degra ded forest, 2200 m. The Kapsangar moss grew in

swamp with Lobelia and Senecio cheranganiensis, 2850 m.

Concluding remarks

The above enumeration allows a few phyto

geographical conclusions. Among the Danish

collections more than 40 afromontane species were reported from Ethiopia and from north

ern Kenya for the first time. The distribution of these species supports the supposition that

19 Lindbergia 4:3-4


Fig. 4. Distribution of Tayloria orthodonta (P. Be

auv.) Wijk & Marg. An afromontane element.

(Dots represent already known records, rings new

records.).

the Ethiopian Highlands are part of the Af romontane chorological region according to

the concepts of White (Chapman & White

1970, White 1976a, b), althouth north of the Turkana depression the number of afromon

tane elements slightly decreases, and to a

small extent is substituted by Mediterranean

and Himalayan species. Afromontane and

East African montane elements which were

known before only south of Kenya are: Pla

giochila divergens, P. lastii, Radula recurvifo

lia, Porella capensis, Frullania angulata, F.

apicalis, Brachiolejeunea tristis, Caudalejeunea

lewallei, Mastigolejeunea rhodesica, Dicrano

lejeunea chrysophylla, Fissidens latifolius, Leucobryum molliculum, Streptopogon

erythrodontus var. rutenbergii, Tayloria or

thodonta, Brachymenium variabile, Macromi

trium levatum, Racopilum speluncae, Acroc

ryphaea robusta, Cryphaea robusta, Priono

don ciliatus, Calyptothecium acutifolium var.

longiusculum, Squamidium biforme, Pilotri

chella ampullacea, P. cuspidata, Lindigia afri

281




cana, Floribundaria patentissima var. squar

rosa, Neckera platyantha, Hylocomiopsis cy

lindricarpa, Palamocladium sericeum, Bra

chythecium afro-glareosum, B. atrotheca, B.

gloriosum, B. ugandae, Schimperella atrothe

ca, Rhynchostegium distans, Erythrodontium

rotundifolium, Entodon dregeanus, E. gemini

dens, Levierella perserrata, Wijkia trichocolea,

Mittenothamnium cygnicollum, Pogonatum

holstii, Polytrichum subpilosum. (Fig. 4). The above collections completed the pic

ture of the distribution of afroalpine and af

ro-subalpine species too, as those of Scapania

esterhuyseniae (from Kilimanjaro), Plagio chila color ans (Taita hills, as low as 2200 m),

Metzgeria agnewii (Cherangani), M. convexa

(Kilimanjaro), Tortella fragillima (Meru, 2800

m), Mielichoferia ruwenzorensis (Kilimanjaro, 4000 m), Brachythecium hedbergii, B. ni

gro-viride (Kilimanjaro, 4000 m), Eurhyn chiella decurrens (Kilimanjaro) (Fig. 5).

One subantarctic species {Clasmatocolea

vermicularis) and 5 South African species from northern localities were recorded,

Cephaloziella vallis-gratiae, Gongylanthus re

282

nifolius and Bartramia hampeana from Kili

manjaro, Mittenothamnium cavifolium from

Ethiopia and Mittenothamnium cf. patens from the East Usambara Mountains.

New records of Madagascan-Mascarene

(Lemurian) species were supplied from East Africa (Fig. 6): Radula madagascariensis, Leucobryum isleanum var. molle, Syrrhopo don mauritianus, Brachythecium borgenii, and

Macrohymnium acicodon. Two of them, the

Brachythecium and the Radula species, occur

on Mt. Kilimanjaro; all the others were found in the old crystalline massifs of East Africa,

confirming again the role of these mountains

in the links with other parts of the former Gondwanaland.

Two disjunct distributions are worth men

tioning. Garckea comosa is new for the Afri

can continent, being previously known only from tropical Asia, and Aongstroemia julacea,

which is probably a phylogenetically very old

element, having a very scattered range (Fig.

7), similarly to those of Bryoxiphium norvegi cum ssp. japonicum and of Gymnomitrion la

cer atum (cf. P?cs 1966, Sharp & Hattori

1976).

Fig. 6. Distribution of Radula madagascariensis Gott. A. Lemurian element in East Africa.




*>"**& ~^?~F

a?.

u.

Fig. 7. Distribution o? Aongstroemia julacea (Hook.) Mitt.

Acknowledgements

We thank G. Aweke, J. Baagoe, W. Esben

sen, A. Hounde, K. Jacobsen, F. Rasmussen,

K. Rasmussen, and K. Vollesen, for placing

their material at our disposal, thus making it

possible to give a near complete account of

the recent collections made in Africa by Dan

ish collectors. We are indebted to Drs M. A.

Bruggeman-Nannenga, R. Grolle, E. W. Jo

nes, S. Orb?n, J. L. De Sloover, B. Stotler,

and J. V??a for identifying or revising a few

critical specimens, and to T. Christensen for

translating the descriptions of the two new

species into Latin. Thanks are also due to J?r

gen Andersen and Kjeld Jorgensen for techni

cal assistance with the figures and to Birte

Kjaer for typing the manuscript.

Note added in the proof Since this paper first went into press most of the

Thuidium specimens have been revised by Dr. A.

19*

Touw. The following additions and corrections can

be made: Thuidium chenangonii C. Muell.: One additional

record from 21 (IF 2808). Thuidium matarumense

Besch.: Two additional collections from 36 (RE 120, 133). Thuidium ramusculosum (Mitt.) Jaeg.:

New to the list. Reported from 34 (JL 422, 543). Widespread in tropical Africa. Thuidium versicolor

(C. Muell.) Broth.: One additional collection from

21 (IF 2804). FARV 165a, 168b, 169b, and 175a cannot be definitely referred to any of the species.

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East African Bryophytes IV. Danish Collections