Anatolian Journal of

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1 Anatolian Journal of e-issn (1) (2020) -

2 e-issn Volume 4, Issue 1, Year 2020 Published Biannually Owner Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Corresponding Address Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, 06500, Ankara Turkey Phone: ( ) Web: Editor in Chief Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Editorial Board Dr. Alfonso SUSANNA Botanical Institute of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Prof. Dr. Ali ASLAN Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey Dr. Boris ASSYOV Istitute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia, Bulgaria Dr. Burak SÜRMEN Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey Prof. Cvetomir M. DENCHEV Istititute of Biodiv. & Ecosystem Res., Sofia, Bulgaria Prof. Dr. Güray UYAR Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey Prof. Dr. Hamdi Güray KUTBAY Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey Prof. Dr. İbrahim TÜRKEKUL Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey Prof. Dr. Kuddusi ERTUĞRUL Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey Prof. Dr. Lucian HRITCU Alexandru Ioan Cuza Univeversity, Iaşi, Romania Prof. Dr. Tuna UYSAL Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey Prof. Dr. Yusuf UZUN Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey Advisory Board Prof. Dr. Ahmet AKSOY Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey Prof. Dr. Asım KADIOĞLU Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ersin YÜCEL Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey Prof. Dr. Lütfi BEHÇET Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey Prof. Dr. Rıza BİNZET Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey Language Editor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali ÜNİŞEN Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey is Abstracted/Indexed in Directory of Research Journal Indexing (DRJI), Eurasian Scientific Journal Index (ESJI), Google Scholar, International Institute of Organized Research (I2OR) and Scientific Indexing Services (SIS) 4(1)(2020) -

3 e-issn Volume 4, Issue 1, Year 2020 Contents / İçindekiler Research articles Inhibitory effects of Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. on liver glutathione S-transferase activity / Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm nın karaciğer glutatyon S-transferaz aktivitesi üzerine baskılayıcı etkileri Ayşegül KÜTÜK, Gökhan SADİ A new record for the Mycota of Turkey / Türkiye Mikotası için yeni bir kayıt Mustafa Emre AKÇAY The explorations on the flora of Tunceli (Turkey) / Tunceli (Türkiye) florası üzerine araştırmalar Metin ARMAĞAN Macromycetes determined in Muradiye (Van) district / Muradiye (Van) ilçesinde belirlenen makromantarlar Gözde ÇAĞLİ, Avni ÖZTÜRK Pericarp anatomy and surface micromorphology of some orchids in the Black Sea Region / Karadeniz bölgesinde yayılış gösteren bazı orkidelerin perikarp anatomisi ve yüzey mikromorfolojisi Şenay SÜNGÜ ŞEKER, Mustafa Kemal AKBULUT, Gülcan ŞENEL Review articles Dieffenbachia plant poisoning cases and effects on human health / Dieffenbachia bitkisi zehirlenme vakaları ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri Ümmühan ÜNLÜ, Aytaç KOCABAŞ Genjer Yellow Velvetleaf used as indigenous vegetable in Indonesia / Endonezya'da yerli sebze olarak kullanılan Genjer Sarı Kadife Yaprak Achmad Yozar PERKASA, Spiros PETROPOULOS 4(1)(2020) -

4 e-issn Volume 4, Issue 1, Year 2020 Referees Dr. Abdullah DALAR, Van (Turkey) Dr. Ahmet AKSOY, Antalya (Turkey) Dr. Ali KELEŞ, Van (Turkey) Dr. Arda BÜYÜKSUNGUR, Ankara (Turkey) Dr. Arzu CANSARAN, Amasya (Turkey) Dr. Aslı Doğru KOCA, Ankara (Turkey) Dr. Aykut GÜVENSEN, İzmir (Turkey) Dr. Ayşe Usanmaz BOZHÜYÜK, Iğdır (Turkey) Dr. Aytaç KOCABAŞ, Karaman (Turkey) Dr. Barış ÖZÜDOĞRU, Ankara (Turkey) Dr. Başak TOGAR, Bayburt (Turkey) Dr. Birol MUTLU, Malatya (Turkey) Dr. Buğrahan EMSEN, Karaman (Turkey) Dr. Burak SÜRMEN, Karaman (Turkey) Dr. Can YILMAZ, Van (Turkey) Dr. Celalettin ÖZTÜRK, Konya (Turkey) Dr. Deniz İrtem KARTAL, Van (Turkey) Dr. Dursun KARA, Tokat (Turkey) Dr. Eda GÜNEŞ, Konya (Turkey) Dr. Elanur Aydın KARATAŞ, Erzurum (Turkey) Dr. Emire ELMAS, Sinop (Turkey) Dr. Erol YILDIRIM, Erzurum (Turkey) Dr. Ersan BEKTAŞ, Giresun (Turkey) Dr. Ersin MİNARECİ, Manisa (Turkey) Dr. Ertuğrul SESLİ, Trabzon (Turkey) Dr. Esra MARTİN, Konya (Turkey) Dr. Fatemeh FARSI, Tehran (Iran) Dr. Fatih KALYONCU, Manisa (Turkey) Dr. Fatime GEYİKOĞLU, Erzurum (Turkey) Dr. Fatma Nur ARSLAN, Karaman (Turkey) Dr. Fevzi ÖZGÖKÇE, Van (Turkey) Dr. Feyza CANDAN, Manisa (Turkey) Dr. Gıyasettin KAŞIK, Konya (Turkey) Dr. Golshan ZARE, Ankara (Turkey) Dr. Gökhan KARS, Konya (Turkey) Dr. Gökhan SADİ, Karaman (Turkey) Dr. Hakan ALLI, Muğla (Turkey) Dr. Hakan IŞIK, Tokat (Turkey) Dr. Halit Buğra KOCA, Afyon (Turkey) Dr. Hanife AKYALÇIN, Çanakkale (Turkey) Dr. Hasan AKAN, Şanlıurfa (Turkey) Dr. Hasan Çetin ÖZEN, Diyarbakır (Turkey) Dr. Hasan TÜRKEZ, Erzurum (Turkey) Dr. Hayrunnisa Baş SERMENLİ, Muğla (Turkey) Dr. Hülya DOĞAN, Yozgat (Turkey) Dr. Hüseyin BAYKAL, Rize (Turkey) Dr. İbrahim TÜRKEKUL, Tokat (Turkey) Dr. İlhami KARATAŞ, Tokat (Turkey) Dr. İsmail ACAR, Van (Turkey) Dr. İsmail EKER, Bolu (Turkey) Dr. İsmail ŞEN, Muğla (Turkey) Dr. İsmail TARHAN, Konya (Turkey) Dr. İsmet İUYSAL, Çanakkale (Turkey) Dr. Kenan DEMİREL, Ordu (Turkey) Dr. Mahfuz ELMASTAŞ, İstanbul (Turkey) Dr. Marwa Waseem HALMY, Cairo (Egypt) Dr. Mehmet Bilgehan PEKTAŞ, Afyon (Turkey) Dr. Mehmet Emre EREZ, Siirt (Turkey) Dr. Melike BİLGİ, Çankırı (Turkey) Dr. Meryem BOZKURT, Konya (Turkey) Dr. Mesut KIRMACI, Aydın (Turkey) Dr. Metin ARMAĞAN, Aydın (Turkey) Dr. Muhammet DOĞAN, Karaman (Turkey) Dr. Muhittin DOĞAN, Gaziantep (Turkey) Dr. Murat ÜNAL, Van (Turkey) Dr. Mustafa Emre AKÇAY, Van (Turkey) Dr. Mustafa KORKMAZ, Erzincan (Turkey) Dr. Mustafa OKSAY, Manisa (Turkey) Dr. Nur Banu BAL, Ankara (Turkey) Dr. Nurullah DEMİR, Bingöl (Turkey) Dr. Osman TUGAY, Konya (Turkey) Dr. Ömer Faruk ÇOLAK, Isparta (Turkey) Dr. Özlem DARCANSOY İSERİ, Ankara (Turkey) Dr. Sema LEBLEBİCİ, Bilecik (Turkey) Dr. Sinan AKTAŞ, Konya (Turkey) Dr. Sinan ALKAN, Konya (Turkey) Dr. Sinan İŞLER, Van (Turkey) Dr. Süleyman GÖKMEN, Karaman (Turkey) Dr. Şerife AYAZ GÜNER, Kayseri (Turkey) Dr. Temel GÖKTÜRK, Artvin (Turkey) Dr. Tuğba BAYRAK ÖZBUCAK, Ordu (Turkey) Dr. Tuna UYSAL, Konya (Turkey) Dr. Yasin UZUN, Karaman (Turkey) Dr. Yusuf UZUN, Van (Turkey) 4(1)(2020) -

5 Research article 4(1): 1-7 (2020) doi: /ajb Inhibitory effects of Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. on liver glutathione S-transferase activity Ayşegül KÜTÜK 1, Gökhan SADİ 2* Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Kamil Özdağ Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Karaman, Turkey 1 Received : Accepted : Online : Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm nın karaciğer glutatyon S-transferaz aktivitesi üzerine baskılayıcı etkileri Abstract: Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. commonly-known as the honey fungus is an edible mushroom and its antioxidant, antitumor, neuroprotective, and insulin resistance reductive effects have been well-characterized. Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are the group of detoxification enzymes has a function to conjugate glutathione to the variety of electrophile, making them more water-soluble for excretion. Their inhibition or activation could have profound toxicological or clinical implications. This study is conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of A. mellea on GST enzymes. Total GST activities were measured using glutathione and 1 chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrates spectrophotometrically, and enzyme kinetic studies were conducted to determine Vmax and Km values. Additionally, aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. mellea were tested to see how they modulate the kinetic parameters. Vmax for liver GST enzyme was calculated as ± U/mg, Km value for GSH, and CDNB were determined as 4.88 ± 0.53 mm and ± 1.07 mm, respectively. The decrease in Vmax and the increase in Km values with A. mellea extracts demonstrated a mixed-type inhibitory mechanism. Methanolic extract inhibits the GSH-dependent GST activity much more than the CDNB-dependent activity, but aqueous extract mainly affects CDNB-dependent GST activity. In conclusion, A. mellea could suppress the hepatic GST enzymes that might have toxicological consequences such as reduced cellular detoxification of electrophilic xenobiotics as well as alleviated drug resistance in the treatment of several diseases. Key words: Armillaria mellea, glutathione S-transferase, enzyme inhibition, Vmax, Km Özet: Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. yaygın olarak bal mantarı olarak bilinen yenilebilir bir mantardır ve antioksidan, antitümör, nöroprotektif ve insülin direncini azaltıcı etkileri iyi karakterize edilmiştir. Glutatyon S-transferazlar (GST), detoksifikasyon enzimlerinin bir grubudur ve glutatyonu çeşitli elektrofillere konjüge etme fonksiyonuna sahiptir. Bu işlem onları atılım için suda daha fazla çözünür hale getirir. GST enzimlerinin baskılanması veya aktive edilmesinin toksikolojik veya klinik etkileri olabilir. Bu çalışma A. mellea'nın GST'ler üzerindeki baskılayıcı etkilerini araştırmak için yapılmıştır. Toplam GST aktiviteleri, spektrofotometrik olarak glutatyon ve 1 kloro-2,4-dinitrobenzen substratları kullanılarak ölçülmüş, Vmax ve Km değerlerini belirlemek için enzim kinetiği çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Ek olarak, A. mellea'nın sulu ve metanolik özütleri, kinetik parametreleri nasıl modüle ettiklerini değerlendirmek için test edilmiştir. Karaciğer GST enzimi için Vmax 443,90±11,52 U/mg, GSH ve CDNB için Km değerleri sırasıyla 4,88±0,53 mm ve 10,43±1,07 mm olarak belirlenmiştir. A. mellea ekstreleri ile Vmax'daki azalma ve Km değerlerindeki artış, GST enziminin karışık tipte inhibisyon mekanizmasıyla baskılandığını göstermiştir. Metanolik ekstraktın GSH-bağımlı GST aktivitesini CDNB-bağımlı aktiviteden çok daha fazla inhibe ettiği, fakat su ekstraktlarının esas olarak CDNB-bağımlı GST aktivitesini baskıladığı gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak A. mellea nın, karaciğer GST enzimini baskılayarak ksenobiyotiklerin hücresel detoksifikasyonunu azaltabilecek ve çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde ilaç direncinin azaltılması gibi toksikolojik sonuçları olabilecek bir mantar türü olabileceği değerlendirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Armillaria mellea, glutatyon S-transferaz, enzim baskılama, Vmax, Km Citation: Kütük A, Sadi G (2020). Inhibitory effects of Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. on liver glutathione S-transferase activity. 4(1): Introduction Fungi are eukaryotic and heterotrophic organisms that are free of chlorophylls and composed of tubular filamentous cells and spores. Commonly known as honey fungus, Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. is a plant pathogen and classified as a part of a cryptic complex of morphologically similar species that are closely related to each other. They also have green bioluminescent properties and produce mushrooms around the bases of the infected trees. Honey fungus is also classified as edible, even though some people might be intolerant (Pegler, 2000). As ingested, its metabolites reached the hepatic tissues and metabolized internally. One of the main detoxification enzymes present in the liver tissues is Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which plays a crucial role in the detoxification of endobiotic metabolites and xenobiotics. They conjugate the reduced glutathione (GSH), an intracellular thiol-containing compounds to the electrophilic substances to make them more hydrophilic and less toxic. When food and/or its metabolites enter an organism, protective mechanisms against oxidative stress and other detrimental effects are activated, which also involve the activity of GST enzymes (Strange et al., 2001). There is increasing evidence that some foods and food additives might affect GSTs either by direct suppression of enzymatic activity or indirectly by declining the levels of the GST substrates. Therefore, this study is conducted to see if edible mushroom; A. mellea could interfere with the detoxification of organic xenobiotics or endobiotic metabolites, which would eventually lead to unpredictable toxicological consequences for organisms. Our study provides a detailed in vitro study on inhibitory effects of A.mellea on rat liver GST enzymes. 1

6 Kütük & Sadi Inhibitory effects of 2. Materials and Method 2.1. Reagents and chemicals All the chemicals were analytical grade having more than 99% purity if available. They were obtained from Sigma- Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany) or Merck (USA). Analytical grade methanol, potassium phosphate dibasic trihydrate, sodium carbonate, bovine serum albumin (BSA), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium chloride, trizma base, 1 chloro-2, 4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB), L-glutathione (reduced), sodium diphosphate, potassium sodium tartrate, Folin and Ciocalteu s phenol reagent, copper sulfate, potassium chloride, hydrochloric acid, disodium monophosphate were the used chemicals in this study Preparation of fungal extracts Armillaria mellea that was used in this study was collected from the Western Black sea region of Turkey and kept at Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Kamil Özdağ Science Faculty, Department of Biology. Dr. Yasin UZUN kindly provided the specimen. Water and methanol extracts were prepared to scrutinize in vitro enzyme inhibitory effects over liver GST enzymes. Accordingly, dried entire mushrooms weighing ten grams were pulverized using liquid nitrogen, mortar, and pestle and extracted with the Soxhlet extraction apparatus throughout 24-h with methanol or water as solvents. Then, a rotary evaporator concentrated the extracts which were freeze-dried in a lyophilizer and stored at +4 C until further use Preparation of cytosolic fractions from rat liver tissues After washing with the ice-cold homogenization medium (50 mm potassium phosphate, 5 mm EDTA, 0.5 mm PMSF, 1.15% KC, ph:7.0), rat liver tissues were minced and homogenized using the bladed homogenizer (Tissue Ruptor TM, Qiagen, USA). Following homogenization, the samples were centrifuged at g for 15 minutes for the separation of nuclear part and non-degradable cells. Supernatants were transferred to the Eppendorf tubes and kept at -85 C until further use. The total protein contents of the homogenates were measured with the Lowry method (Lowry et al., 1951) In vitro enzyme assay for liver glutathione S- transferase For measuring the total GST enzyme activity, 1 chloro-2, 4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were used as substrates. According to our optimized protocol which is developed from a previously published procedure (Habig et al., 1974), 15 μl of 2 mg proteincontaining homogenates were mixed with 250 μl of phosphate buffer (50 mm, ph:7.0), 20 μl of GSH (50 mm), and 15 μl of CDNB (50 mm dissolved in 2/3 ethanol) in a UV-transparent 96-well plate and mixed thoroughly. After that, the changes in absorbance was monitored at 340 nm for 2 min with a spectrophotometric microplate reader (MultiScan GO TM, Thermo Scientific, USA). Besides, the rate of non-enzymatic CDNB-GSH conjugation was determined with an enzyme-free reaction. Total GST activity was determined as the amount of chromogenic product formed by the homogenate containing one mg of protein for one minute Determination of maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) for liver glutathione S-transferase Enzyme kinetic studies were conducted to determine V max and K m values for different substrates of GSTs. Abovementioned protocol was conducted with varied concentrations of CDNB ( mm) and GSH ( mm), each time one substrate concentration was kept constant and the other changed. Velocity versus substrate concentration graphs (Michaelis-Menten curve) and double reciprocal plots (Liveviever-Burk plot) were developed, and the maximum enzymatic activity for liver GST and K m values for each substrate were calculated with the enzyme kinetics module of GraphPad Prism 6.0 software Effects of A. mellea extracts on liver glutathione S- transferase activity and its kinetic parameters Substrate dependent enzymatic activity measurements were conducted to determine the mechanism by which A. mellea extracts suppress the GST enzyme. K m and V max values were calculated in the absence and presence of A. mellea extracts ( mg/ml) in accordance with Micheals-Menten kinetics. First, the Michaelis-Menten plot that was obtained by changing CDNB concentrations were reconducted for the A. mellea water and methanol extracts, and then V max value for CDNB-dependent GST activity and K m values for CDNB substrate were estimated. Changes in V max values with different extracts were determined, and the rate of enzymatic suppression was calculated for aqueous and methanolic extracts. Another substrate of the GST enzyme is reduced glutathione (GSH). Similar enzyme kinetics studies again determined the effects of A. mellea on GSHdependent GST activity. In these studies, the CDNB concentration was kept constant, and GSH-dependent total GST activity was determined at different doses of A. mellea extracts. K m and V max values were determined accordingly Statistical analyses All the assays were carried out at least in triplicate measurements. The results are expressed as mean values and the standard error of the mean (SEM). K m and V max values were calculated from double reciprocal plots using the enzyme kinetics module of GraphPad 6.0 software. 3. Results 3.1. The kinetic parameters of liver glutathione S- transferases One of the main substrates of the GST enzyme is the GSH molecule. All GST isozymes conjugate the GSH group from the thiol groups to the compounds to be detoxified, making them more water-soluble. Additionally, CDNB is another commonly used substrate of GST in vitro since it resembles the common xenobiotics that are the target of all GST isozymes. Enzymatic GSH conjugation to the CDNB produces a chromogen that can be followed at 340 nm spectrophotometrically. At the first stage of our study, kinetic parameters of liver GST enzymes were determined. To do this, by keeping the concentration of CDNB constant, GSH-dependent enzymatic activity of GST were analyzed. Michaelis- Menten and Lineviewer-Burk plots for GSH-dependent 2

7 GST activity were given in Figures 1A and 1B, respectively. Additionally, CDNB-dependent GST activity was also studied at constant GSH levels, and the changes in GST activity has been monitored. According to the Michaelis-Menten (Figure 1C) and Lineviewer-Burk (Figure 1D) plots, the maximum velocity of GST (V max) was calculated as 443.9±11.52 U/mg, K m value for GSH and CDNB were determined as 4.88±0.53 mm and 10.43±1.07 mm, respectively Effects of A. mellea extracts on CDNB and GSHdependent GST enzyme activity and its kinetic parameters The abovementioned studies were also conducted in the presence of different amounts of ( mg/ml) aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. mellea. In the presence of A. mellea extracts, the changes in V max and K m values for both substrates reveal the enzymatic inhibitory mechanism, such as competitive, noncompetitive, uncompetitive, or mixed-type. The effects of A. mellea aqueous extracts on kinetic parameters of the GST enzyme have been summarized in Figure 2. Using these graphs and their equations, changes in the V max and K m values revealed that aqueous extracts inhibited both GSH and CDNB-dependent GST activity. A decrease in V max and an increase in K m values (Figure 2A-2D) with the increasing doses of A. mellea extracts suggests the mixedtype inhibitory mechanism over the GST enzyme. According to Table 1, aqueous extracts inhibited the GSHdependent GST activity at 19.71% with maximum doses. However, its effect on CDNB-dependent activity is much more pronounced. Since maximum inhibition takes place two-fold higher. That is, CDNB-dependent activity was inhibited by approximately 40% with 10 mg/ml of aqueous extract. The changes in the kinetic parameters of GST enzyme with A. mellea methanolic extracts are also studied, and the results are summarized in Figure 3. Similar to the water extracts, methanolic extracts also decreased the V max and increased the K m values for both substrates with rising concentrations. The decrease in V max and increase in K m values suggests the mixed-type inhibitory mechanism similar to the aqueous extracts. On the contrary to the results of water extracts, the methanolic extract inhibited the GSH-dependent GST activity much more than the CDNB-dependent activity. According to Table 2, methanolic extracts suppressed the GSH-dependent GST activity at 48% with maximum doses, but CDNBdependent activity decreased only 4% with similar doses. How the GST activity is regulated with different doses of A.mellea has been schematized in Figure 4, and the differences between different extracts are visualized. Figure 1. Michaelis-Menten (A) and Lineviewer-Burk plots (B) for GSH-dependent GST activities and Michaelis-Menten (C) and Lineviewer-Burk plots (D) for CDNB-dependent GST activities. 3

8 Kütük & Sadi Inhibitory effects of Figure 2. Effects of A. mellea water extracts on GSH and CDNB-dependent GST activities. A and C demonstrate the simple substrate vs. velocity curves, and B and D demonstrate the double reciprocal plots of A and C, respectively. Table 1. Effects of A. mellea aqueous extracts on inhibition levels, Vmax and Km values of two different substrates. Data is represented as mean ± SEM. A. mellea aqueous extracts GSH-dependent GST Activity A. mellea aqueous extracts CDNB-dependent GST Activity Amount Vmax (U/mg) Km (mm) % Inhibition Vmax (U/mg) Km (mm) % Inhibition 0 mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ±

9 Figure 3. Effects of A. mellea methanolic extracts on GSH and CDNB-dependent GST activities. A and C demonstrate the simple substrate vs. velocity curves, and B and D demonstrate the double reciprocal plots of A and C, respectively. 3. Conclusion and Discussion The world population is getting faced with several health and nutritional problems due to irregular growth patterns. Today, the use of natural resources in the diet becomes a necessity due to the economic difficulties, and the use of macrofungi arises due to their high nutritional properties. Additionally, several types of fungus exhibit pharmacological activities with few side effects and are used medically. A. mellea, an edible and medicinal fungus, has been reported to exhibit antioxidant and antitumor activities (Wu et al., 2012). Besides, some data reported its neuroprotective roles against degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's diseases (An et al., 2017), and it's insulin resistance reductive effects have recently been proposed (Yang et al., 2019). Table 2. Effects of A. mellea methanol extracts on inhibition levels, Vmax and Km values of two different substrates. Data is represented as mean ± SEM. A. mellea methanol extracts GSH-dependent GST Activity A. mellea methanol extracts CDNB-dependent GST Activity Amount Vmax (U/mg) Km (mm) % Inhibition Vmax (U/mg) Km (mm) % Inhibition 0 mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ± mg ± ± ± ± ± ±

10 Kütük & Sadi Inhibitory effects of Figure 4. The suppressive effects of A.mellea aqueous and methanol extracts on GSH-dependent (A) and CDNB-dependent (B) total GST enzyme activity. Glutathione S-transferases assure efficient enzymatic conjugation of the main antioxidant molecule, GSH, to the reactive electrophiles making them more water-soluble and excetable. They take part in the detoxification of xenobiotics and endobiotic metabolites, mainly in the liver tissues. However, several compounds can also be converted to highly reactive or toxic products through the GSH conjugation (Appiah-Opong et al., 2009). The crucial roles of GSTs in drug metabolism and cellular physiology might be regulated as a result of active compounds that are present in our diet. Therefore, their inhibition or activation could have profound toxicological or clinical implications. For instance, the induction of GSTs would diminish the carcinogenic properties of some compounds and provides chemoprevention to the organisms. Their inhibition might have toxicological consequences such as reduced cellular detoxification of electrophilic xenobiotics as well as alleviated drug resistance in the treatment of several diseases (Appiah-Opong et al., 2009). Therefore, interferences with the functionality of GSTs caused by the nutrients may have unpredictable toxicological consequences for the organisms. Nevertheless, it is hard to make an overall assessment of the level at which dietary supplementation, over-nutritional dietary supplementation, natural exposure, or poisoning will show effects (Gweshelo et al., 2016). Thus, this study is conducted to investigate the effects of A. mellea on liver glutathione S-transferases. The results of this study confirm the general inhibitory potential of both aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. mellea on liver glutathione S-transferase enzyme. They decreased V max values for GST activity at all concentrations while relatively increased K m values of its substrates, namely GSH and CDNB. This type of suppression is one of the general characteristics of mixed-type inhibition. Although similar to the effects of non-competitive inhibitors, mixed-type inhibitors reduce the affinity of the substrate to the enzyme without competing with the substrate. The decrease in V max and the increase in K m demonstrate A.mellea suppresses GST activity with a mixed-type suppression mechanism. Form the experimental results, it is essential to note that the inhibitory mechanism of aqueous and methanolic extracts was slightly different from each other in such a way that methanolic extract mainly inhibits the GSH-dependent GST activity much more than the CDNB-dependent activity. However, aqueous extracts mainly affect GSHdependent GST activities. The inhibition of GSTs has been studied in vitro, and several plant-derived compounds such as hematin, thonningianin, cibacron blue, tannic acid, ellagic acid, ethacrynic acid, ferulic acid, stilbene, caffeic acid, quercetin, and curcumin have been reported to decrease GST activities (Hayeshi et al., 2007; Gweshelo et al., 2016). Therefore, A.mellea extracts might have high levels of these compounds, since elevated doses caused increased enzyme suppression. The inhibition of GSTs by A.mellea may support the uses of some drugs which are detoxified with the GST enzyme system and would increase the bioavailability of the drugs in the body. However, further studies should focus on separating the bioactive compounds responsible for inhibiting GSTs and identify their structures. Acknowledgments Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. samples were kindly provided by Dr. Yasin Uzun, who collected and identified the samples. References An S, Lu W, Zhang Y, Yuan Q, Wang D (2017). Pharmacological basis for use of Armillaria mellea polysaccharides in Alzheimer s Disease: Antiapoptosis and antioxidation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017(5): Appiah-Opong R, Commandeur JNM, Istyastono E, Bogaards JJ, Vermeulen NPE (2009). Inhibition of human glutathione S- transferases by curcumin and analogues. Xenobiotica 39: Gweshelo D, Muswe R, Mukanganyama S (2016). In vivo and in vitro inhibition of rat liver glutathione transferases activity by extracts from Combretum zeyheri (Combretaceae) and Parinari curatellifolia (Chrysobalanaceae). BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 16:

11 Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB (1974). Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biololgical Chemistry 249: Hayeshi R, Mutingwende I, Mavengere W, Masiyanise V, Mukanganyama S (2007). The inhibition of human glutathione S- transferases activity by plant polyphenolic compounds ellagic acid and curcumin. Food and Chemical Toxicology 45: Lowry O, Roserbrough N, Farr A, Randall R (1951). Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biololgical Chemistry 193: Pegler DN. (2000). Taxonomy, nomenclature and description of Armillaria. In Fox RTV. Armillaria root rot: Biology and control of honey fungus. Andover: Intercept Ltd. Strange RC, Spiteri MA, Ramachandran S, Fryer AA (2001). Glutathione-S-transferase family of enzymes. Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 482: Wu J, Zhou J, Lang Y, Yao L, Xu H, Shi H, Xu S (2012). A polysaccharide from Armillaria mellea exhibits strong in vitro anticancer activity via apoptosis-involved mechanisms. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 51: Yang S, Meng Y, Yan J, Wang N, Xue Z, Zhang H, Fan Y (2019). Polysaccharide-enriched fraction from Amillariella mellea fruiting body improves insulin resistance. Molecules 24(1): 46. 7

12 Research article A new record for the Mycota of Turkey 4(1): 8-10 (2020) doi: /ajb Received : Accepted : Online : Mustafa Emre AKÇAY Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Van, Turkey *memreakcay@gmail.com Türkiye Mikotası için yeni bir kayıt Abstract: The marasmioid species, Marasmius collinus (Scop.) Singer, belonging to the family Marasmiaceae, is given as new record for the mycobiota of Turkey from Sarıkamış Allahukeber Mountains National Park (Kars/Erzurum). A brief description of the taxon is given together with its photographs related to macro and micromorphologies. Key words: Marasmius collinus, Marasmiaceae, new record, Sarıkamış Allahukeber Mountains National Park, Turkey Özet: Marasmiaceae familyasına ait bir marasmioit tür olan Marasmius collinus (Scop.) Singer Sarıkamış Allahuekber Dağları Milli Parkı ndan (Kars/Erzurum) Türkiye mikobiyotası için yeni kayıt olarak verilmiştir. Taksonun kısa betimlemesi makro ve mikromorfolojisine ait fotoğraflarla birlikte verilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Marasmius collinus, Marasmiaceae, yeni kayıt, Sarıkamış Allahuekber Dağları Milli Parkı, Türkiye Citation: Akçay ME (2020). A new record for the Mycota of Turkey. 4(1): Introduction The genus Marasmius Fr. is morphologically characterized by small convex caps, gills on adnate hymenium, usually thin and bare stipes, hyaline and not amyloid spores, and saprotrophic ecology. The most important distinguishing feature is: Marasmius species are tough types which dry-up but later revive when moistened. Several of the species are known to grow in the characteristic «fairy ring» pattern. (Moser, 1983; Knudsen and Vesterholt, 2008; Antonin and Noordeloos, 2010). Marasmius genus contains about 500 species in the family Marasmiaceae (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) and according to presented checklists and the recent studies in Turkey, 12 species have so far been identified belonging to this genus (Kirk et al., 2008; Sesli and Denchev, 2014; Solak et al., 2015; Uzun et al., Akçay et al., 2018; Bozok et al., 2018; Keleş, 2018a; Keleş, 2018b; Sadullahoğlu and Demirel, 2018; Sesli et al., 2018a; Sesli et al., 2018b; Uzun and Kaya, 2018; Altuntaş et al., 2019; Akçay, 2019; Çağlı et al., 2019; Sesli and Bandini, 2019; Acar et al., 2020). The present study aims to make a contribution to the mycobiota of Turkey. 2. Materials and Method Specimens were collected from Gürbüzler village of Selim (Kars-Turkey) district at Allahuekber Mountains National Park in Morphological and ecological chracteristics of the samples were recorded during the field study and they were photographed in their natural habitats. Then, they were taken to the laboratory and microscopic investigations were carried out on them. Microscopic investigation of the samples were done by using a Leica DM500 light microscope mounted with a Leica ICC50 HD camera. Reagents such as 5 % KOH and Congo red were used investigation media. Identification was performed with the aid of the relevant literature (Moser, 1983; Breitenbach and Kränzlin, 1991; Antonin and Noordeloos, 2010). 3. Results Basidiomycota R.T. Moore Agaricales Underw. Marasmiaceae Roze ex Kühner Marasmius Fr. Marasmius collinus (Scop.) Singer Macroscopic features: Pileus, mm broad, first conical, soon convex-applanate, with involute margin, reddish-brown when young and fresh, then ochraceous or yellow-brown, smooth. Flesh, thin, cream or yellowish at margin, almost white at centre of pileus, smell and taste indistinct. Lamellae, moderately crowded, distant, adnate to almost free, white to cream coloured, with irregularly serrate and concolorous edges. Stipe, mm, cylindrical, fistulose, straight, slightly broadened at base, smooth, pale beige, cream-coloured, darker at base (Fig. 1a). Microscopic features: Spores µm, hyaline, ellipsoid, oblong or cylindrical, slightly attenuated at apex (Fig. 1b). Spore print whitish. Basidia µm, clavate, 4- spored (Fig. 1c). Basidioles µm, clavate, cylindrical or fusiform (difficult to distinguish between basidia and basidiols under microscope, because the sterigmata are not very prominent and their sizes are close to each other). Cystidia absent. Specimen examined: Turkey, Kars, Selim district, Southwest of Gürbüzler village, grassy area, ʹN, ʹE, 2077 m, , MEA Discussions Marasmius collinus is very similar to M. oreades (Bolton) Fr., and is found in comparable habitats. These two species can be distinguished from each other by the differences listed in the Table 1 (Moser, 1983; Breitenbach and Kränzlin, 1991; Antonin and Noordeloos, 2010; Josserand, 1955). 8

13 Akçay - A new record Figure 1. Marasmius collinus: a-basidiomata; b-basidiospores; c-basidia and basidiols (bars= 10 μm). Table 1. Differences between Marasmius collinus and M. oreades Marasmius collinus Marasmius oreades Stipe hollow at first, soft stuffed for a long time, and easily tough compressible Spores up to 11 µm in length rarely reaches to 10 µm and somewhat in length narrower Basidia µm in length up to 50 µm in length As a result of the study, the number of species belonging to the genus Marasmius has increased from 12 to 13 in Turkey (Sesli and Denchev, 2014; Solak et al., 2015). References It is very important to continue to the macrofungal studies in order to increase the number of determined macrofungi to the expected levels in our country. Also, in order to benefit sufficiently from edible and medicinal mushrooms and to avoid poisonous mushrooms, they must first be recognized. Acknowledgments The author is thankful to Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Research Fund (BAP Project No FBE-D051) for the financial support. Acar İ, Uzun Y, Akata I (2020). Some macrofungi determined in Şemdinli and Yüksekova districts (Hakkari-Turkey). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 23(1): Akçay ME, Uzun Y, Kesici S (2018). Conocybe anthracophila, A new record for the Turkish mycobiota. Anatolian Journal of Botany 2(2): Akçay ME (2019). A new edible macrofungus record for Turkey. Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences of East 2(1): Altuntaş D, Sesli E, Büyük İ, Akata I (2019). Inocybe mytiliodora: A new record for Turkey. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 19(3): Antonin V, Noordeloos ME (2010). A nonograph of marasmioid and collybioid fungi in Europe. Eching: IHW-Verlag. Bozok F, Taşkın H, Büyükalaca S, Doğan HH, Assyov B (2018). Cryptomarasmius corbariensis (Physalacriaceae, Agaricales) in Turkey with first molecular data on the species from Eurasia. Nova Hedwigia 107(1-2): Breitenbach J, Kränzlin F (1991). Fungi of Switzerland,Vol. 3. Lucerne: Verlag Mykologia. Çağlı G, Öztürk A, Koçak MZ (2019). Two new basidiomycete records for the Mycobiota of Turkey. 3(2):

14 Josserand, M (1955). Notes critiques sur quelques champignons de la Région Lyonnaise. Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 71: Keleş A (2018a). Three new records for Turkish mycobiota. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17(1): Keleş A (2018b). New recods of macrofungi from Trabzon Province (Turkey). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17(1): Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi, 10. edition. Wallingford: CAB International. Knudsen H, Vesterholt J (2008). Funga Nordica: Agaricoid, Boletoid and Cyphelloid Genera. Copenhagen: Narayana Press. Moser M (1983). Keys to Agarics and Boleti. Stuttgart: Gustav Fiscer Verlag. Kaya A (2011). Mantarlar. In: Özuslu E, Tel AZ (eds.). Gaziantep in Biyolojik Çeşitliliği. Gaziantep: Doğa Koruma Derneği, pp Sadullahoğlu C, Demirel K (2018). Flammulina fennae Bas, A new record for Physalacriaceae from Karz Mountain (Bitlis). 2(1): Sesli E, Denchev CM (2014). Checklists of the myxomycetes, larger ascomycetes, and larger basidiomycetes in Turkey. 6th edn. Mycotaxon Checklists Online. ( Sesli E, Antonín V, Hughes KW (2018a). Marasmiellus istanbulensis (Omphalotaceae), a new species from Belgrade Forest (İstanbul-Turkey). Plant Biosystems 152(4): Sesli E, Antonín V, Contu M, (2018b). A new species of Hygrophorus, H. yadigarii sp. nov. (Hygrophoraceae), with an isolated systematic position within the genus from the Colchic part of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 42(3): Sesli E, Bandini D (2019). Inocybe sphagnophila Bandini & B. Oertel (Agaricales, Inocybaceae): A new record for the Turkish mycota. Mantar Dergisi 10(1): Solak MH, Işıloğlu M, Kalmış E, Allı H (2015). Macrofungi of Turkey, Checklist, Vol. II. İzmir: Üniversiteliler Ofset. Uzun Y, Acar İ, Akçay ME, Kaya A (2017). Contributions to the macrofungi of Bingöl, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 41(5): Uzun Y, Kaya A (2018). Marasmiellus vaillantii (Pers.) Singer (Omphalotaceae), a new record for the Turkish mycota. Mantar Dergisi 9(1):

15 Research article The explorations on the flora of Tunceli (Turkey) 4(1): (2020) doi: /ajb Received : Accepted : Online : Metin ARMAĞAN 1 Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Buharkent Vocational School, Aydın, Turkey *metinarmagan@gmail.com Tunceli (Türkiye) florası üzerine araştırmalar Abstract: The study was carried out until 2018 intermittently, on condition that majority in The study area is located between Erzincan, Malatya, Elazığ and Bingöl cities in the Eastern Anatolia. Its whole is placed in the Irano-Turanian phytogeographic region and, in B7 and B8 squares according to Davis Grid System. During the study, 2950 samples were collected and 1559 of them were identified. The identification of these samples resulted 74 families, 386 genera and 922 taxa. The distribution of taxa by phytogeographic regions is as follows; Irano-Turanian elements 397 (43.1 %), Mediterranean elements 20 (2.2 %), Europe-Siberian elements 40 (4.3 %), East Mediterranean elements 14 (1.5 %), Euxine element 13 (1.4 %), Hyrcano-Euxine elements 3 (0.3 %), Sarmatian 1 (0.1 %), the cosmopolite or unknown distribution 434 (47.1 %). The number of endemic taxa is 150 (endemism ratio 16.3 %). Key words: Biodiversity, Eastern Anatolia, endemic, phytogeographic region, taxon Özet: Çalışma, çoğunluğu 2014 yılında olması kaydıyla aralıklı olarak 2018 yılına kadar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma alanı, Doğu Anadolu'daki Erzincan, Malatya, Elazığ ve Bingöl şehirleri arasında yer almaktadır. Çalışma alanın tamamı İran-Turan fitocoğrafik bölgesinde ve Davis'in Kareleme Sistemi'ne göre B7 ve B8 karelerinde bulunur. Çalışma boyunca toplanan 2950 örneğin 1559 tanesi teşhis edilmiştir. Bu örneklerin teşhis edilmesiyle, 74 familyaya ait 386 cins ve 922 takson bulunmuştur. Taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımı şöyledir; 397 (% 43.1)'si İran-Turan elementi, 20 (% 2.2)'si Akdeniz elementi, 40 (% 4.3)'ı Avrupa-Sibirya elementi, 14 (% 1.5)'ü Doğu Akdeniz elementi, 13 (1.4)'ü Karadeniz elementi, 3 (% 0.3)'ü Hirkanya-Karadeniz elementi, 1 (% 0.1)'i Sarmasya elementi, 434 (% 47.1)'ü kozmopolit veya fitocoğrafik bölgesi bilinmeyen. 150 takson endemiktir (endemizm oranı % 16.3). Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyoçeşitlilik, Doğu Anadolu, endemik, fitocoğrafik bölge, takson Citation: Armağan M (2020). The explorations on flora of Tunceli (Turkey). 4(1): Introduction The flora of Turkey has high endemism ratio and rich plant diversity due to its location at the connections of Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, and Africa, and also the interaction among Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian and Europe-Siberian phytogeographic regions (Davis, 1971; Gür, 2016). Tunceli is located on Anatolian diagonal in Eastern region of Turkey (Davis, 1971). Geography of Tunceli composes of mountains ranging from 1500 m to 3000 m, deep valleys, plateaus and very small amount of plains. There are a lot of small and large streams flowing between mountains. This area is surrounded by Keban Dam, Pülümür River and the branches of Euphrates River. The geographic texture and sparse human population provide the protection of natural life. Tunceli has the least agriculture area ( ha) in Eastern Anatolia. So, sheep breeding is very important in this area. The grasslands are used for winter fodder and grazing in summer (Öztürk et al., 2015). In Tunceli, the average annual temperature is 12.8 C and the precipitation is about mm per year. July and August are the driest months, and the average monthly precipitation falls under 4 mm during this period. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in December, with an average of mm. July is the warmest month with an average of 27.2 C. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in January, when it is around -1.9 C. The climate of the region is classified as Csa (dry and hot summer Mediterranean) by the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification system (MGM, 2010). Munzur Valley National Park, which is one of the Turkey's largest national parks, was declared as a national park in 1971, and serves as homel for many plant and animal species. The study aims to determine the plant diversity of Tunceli province and to contribute to the Flora of Turkey. 2. Materials and Method During fieldworks of this research, about 2950 plant samples were collected within Tunceli province during the vegetation seasons until 2018 intermittently, on condition that majority in Moreover, photos were taken in their natural habitats, GPS coordinates were recorded with their localities and habitat information. The collected samples were dried based on herbarium methods. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Davis, ; Davis et al., 1988) was used as the initial reference for identification. The plant names and authors were checked from Bizim Bitkiler (2013), "Plants of the World Online (POWO, 2019)", "World Flora Online (WFO, 2020)", and "International Plant Names Index (IPNI, 2020)". Prepared samples with respect to herbarium techniques were stored in the AYDN, VANF, KNYA, and NGBB herbaria (Thiers, 2016). 3. Results Nine hundred and twenty two plant taxa belonging to 386 genera and 74 families according to Stevens (2001) were 11

16 Armağan The explorations on determined and listed in alphabetical order in Table 1. Previously presented taxa (Armağan, 2018) were not included in the list. Davis' Grid System was used in localities (Davis, 1965). The plant names, collector numbers, localities, the phytogeographic regions, and the endemism status etc. of the taxa were also given in the table. (Stevens, 2001). The abbreviations used in the Table 1 as follow; The directions (E = East, W = West, N = North, S = South) m = meter km = kilometer nh. = neighbourhood v. = village Mt. = mountain * = endemic = Irano Turanian phytogeographical region Medit. = Mediterranean phytogeographical region Hyr.-Eux. = Hyrcano Euxine phytogeographical region Eux. = Euxine phytogeographical region Euro.-Sib. = Euro Siberian phytogeographical region E.Medit. = East Mediterranean phytogeographical region Sarmat. = Sarmatian phytogeographical region Cosmp. = Cosmopolite = Unknown Alt. = Altidue Obs. = Observation End. = Endemic Col.No = Collector number = New record for Tunceli province Table 1. Plant list of the area. Scientific name Col.No Localite Alt. Date Habit Note Region ACANTHACEAE Juss. Acanthus dioscoridis L AMARANTHACEAE Juss. B7 Tunceli: Center, 3.5 km from Aktuluk to Buğulu Degraded oaks forest B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Akdüven to Güleç, Amaranthus albus L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, S of Dedebağ v ruderal 5954 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Eltihatun Amaranthus retroflexus L B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 45 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür valley) Beta corolliflora Zosimovic ex B7 Tunceli: 10 km from Pülümür - Erzincan 6173 Buttler mainroad to Süleymanuşağı village B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5 km from Işıkvuran to Ağaçpınar, Beta macrorhiza Steven 4287 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Işıkvuran v near 4421 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Kabadal and streamside Sağlamtaş Chenopodium album L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, S of Dedebağ v B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 2 km from Bulgurtepe to Payamdüzü Ruderal, Chenopodium botrys L B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 4.5 km from Uzundal to Yüceldi Chenopodium foliosum Asch. Obs. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 15 km from Ovacık to Hozat (NE of Halitpınar v.) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km E of Geçitveren v Chenopodium opulifolium Ruderal, B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 38 Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz km from Tunceli to Pülümür Chenopodium sosnowskyi Kapeller 5557 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km S of Derindere Chenopodium urbicum L. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Beylermezrası Dried river and Göktepe (side of Munzur stream) bad, 6051 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, around of Kale v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 42 km from Tunceli to Chenopodium vulvaria L Pülümür (Pülümür Valley), across of Ağlayan Kayalar Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. Noaea tournefortii (Jaub.& Spach) Moq. Salsola tragus L. ANACARDIACEAE R.Br B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, E of Ramazanköy v Eroded 6341 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Işıkvuran to slopes, Ağaçpınar 5000 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Ziyaret v., N of Munzur Rocky Gözeleri areas, 5570 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km N of Elmalı B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 3 km from Elazığ-Pertek Çemişgezek crossroads to Çemişgezek (1 km S of Çorovan v.) 5963 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge

17 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Oak forest, Cotinus coggygria Scop Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v. riverside Pistacia palaestina Boiss B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, W of Ziyaret v E.Medit. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 24 Riverside, Rhus coriaria L km from Tunceli to Pülümür oak forest APIACEAE Lindl. Actinolema macrolema Boiss B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 12 km NE of Anthriscus nemorosa (M.Bieb.) 6528 Büyükyurt (Hakis) v., (5 km SE of Riverside Spreng. Aşağımarkosör) Artedia squamata L. Astrodaucus orientalis (L.) Drude Bunium elegans (Fenzl) Freyn Bunium microcarpum (Boiss.) Freyn & Bornm. ex Freyn subsp. buorgaei (Boiss.) Hedge & Lamond Bunium microcarpum (Boiss.) Freyn & Bornm. ex Freyn subsp. microcarpum 4087 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 3 km from Elazığ-Pertek- Çemişgezek crossroads to Çemişgezek (1 km S of Çorovan v.) B7 Tunceli: Pertek, Camikebir nh B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 3 km from Pertek to Tunceli B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Kuzulca and Elmalı B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 11 km from Ovacık to Hozat, 1 km before junction of Bilgeç v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, W of Ziyaret v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 5 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 51 km from Tunceli to , 7 km to Ovacık 4927 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Eskigedik to Işıkvuran, ruderal, in gardens, field side E.Medit. Bupleurum croceum Fenzl 4079 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 2.5 km from Vişneli to Çemişgezek B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Bupleurum gerardii All. B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 2 km from Biçmekaya to Koçpınar 4866 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Kırklar to Kızılmescit B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Akdüven to Güleç Chaerophyllum crinitum Boiss B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 15 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Işıkvuran crossroads to Işıkvuran B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 1 km S of Beydamı v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, Kırklar v Chaerophyllum macrospermum (Willd. ex Sprengel) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Hohen 5768 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 16 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) Daucus carota L B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 2 km from Ovacık Field side, center to Gözeler v. Daucus guttatus Sibth. & Sm B7 Tunceli: Center, between Çimenli and Field side, Böğürtlen villages Echinophora tenuifolia L. subsp B7 Tunceli: Center, S of Çimenli village Field side, sibthorpiana (Guss.) Tutin 6131 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, S of Dedebağ v B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, E of Anıl village (Tahar Valley) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 11 km from Çukur to Güleç Eryngium campestre L. var. B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli to 5292 virens Link Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 14 km from Pertek to 5072 Çemişgezek, 2 km after Singeç bridge, on the right hills 5268 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, Camikebir nh Eryngium thyrsoideum Boiss B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 16 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) Falcaria vulgaris Bernh B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Üçdam and Erzurum-Erzincan mainroad Ferulago setifolia K.Koch 4924 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Işıkvuran to Eskigedik

18 Armağan The explorations on Grammosciadium daucoides DC B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 11 km from Ovacık to Hozat, 1 km before junction of Bilgeç v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık Grammosciadium platycarpum Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v Boiss. & Hausskn. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to 5028 Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Akpazar, S of Yenice v. Heptaptera anisoptera (DC.) (N of Şevki mezrası) Tutin 4532 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Heracleum sphondylium L. subsp. cyclocarpum (K.Koch) P.H.Davis 4986 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, W of Ziyaret v Riverside Euxine 6002 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, NW of Közlüce v Heracleum trachyloma Fisch. & C.A.Mey. B7 Tunceli: Center, 5 km from Tunceli to Wet places Johrenia dichotoma DC B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, Tahar valley (Ali Boğazı) Laser trilobum (L.) Borkh B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, E slopes of Hılbeşen bridge, across of Ağlayan Kayalar Oak forest B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and In gardens, Lisaea strigosa (Banks & Sol.) Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu ruderal, Eig B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Malabaila dasyantha (K.Koch) B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 2.5 km from Demirkapı to 3850 Grossh. Dervişcemal B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 12 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, around of Singeç bridge Malabaila secacul (Mill.) Boiss B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce Oenanthe sophiae Schisck B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 3 km from Akdüven to Güleç Ormosciadium aucheri Boiss B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 3 km from Arpaderen to Büyükörünce B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Nazımiye crossroads to Nazımiye B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 50 km from Tunceli to 6113 Pülümür (Pülümür Valley), Kırmızıköprü Bridge Pastinaca sativa L. subsp. urens (Req. ex Gren. & Godr.) Čelak, in gardens 6069 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, Hasangazi v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, Şampaşakaraderbent v Peucedanum ruthenicum M.Bieb B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 45 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür valley) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v Physocaulis nodosus (L.) Tausch 4373 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, Kocatepe v B7 Tunceli: Center, 5 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, E of Ramazanköy v Pimpinella corymbosa Boiss. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 16 km from Ovacık to Tunceli (Munzur Valley) Pimpinella kotschyana Boiss B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Nazımiye crossroads to Nazımiye Prangos corymbosa Boiss B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, the road of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3.5 km from Hozat to Pertek, junction of Kardelen v. Rocky Prangos peucedanifolia Fenzl B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Tunceli- areas, 3975 Ovacık-Dedeağaç crossroads to Dedeağaç v. (Munzur Valley) Prangos platychlaena Boiss B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2 km E of Sarıyayla v * B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 46 km from Tunceli to Scandix iberica M.Bieb Ovacık, 12 km before Ovacık (Munzur Valley) Smyrniopsis aucheri Boiss B7 Tunceli: Center, N of Sarıtaş v., Kalan Valley B7 Tunceli: Hozat, S of Kurukaymak Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss. B7 Tunceli: Center, 2.5 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 11 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v Stenotaenia macrocarpa Freyn & Sint. ex Freyn 5546 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1-2 km E of Bağırpaşa, slopes, under oak * 14

19 APOCYNACEAE Juss. Apocynum venetum L. subsp. sarmatiense (Woodson) ined. Cynanchum acutum L. Vincetoxicum canescens (WiId.) Decne. Vincetoxicum parviflorum Decne Vincetoxicum scandens Sommier & Levier ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Juss. Aristolochia bottae Jaub. & Spach ASPARAGACEAE Juss. Ornithogalum plurifolium Yıld. & Kılıç ASPLENIACEAE Newman 5713 B7 Tunceli: Center, N of Çimenli v Wet places 5703 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, N of Pınarlar v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 45 km from Tunceli to Cosmp Pülümür (Pülümür valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, Kocalar-Sütlüce-Tüllük crossroads Rocky B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., areas, * B7 Tunceli: Center, 26 km from Tunceli to Asplenium ceterach L Asplenium haussknechtii God. & Reut. ASTERACEAE Bercht. & J.Presl 4456 B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tüllük and Çıralı, Baldan-Tüllük junction B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Sarıtaş to Gözen (İksor), Kalan Valley B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Demirkapı and Dervişcemal, 300 m to Buzlupınar junction * Rock crevices Rocky areas in shadow N of Şampaşakaraderbent forest, dried river beds Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link 5683 B7 Tunceli: Center, 26 km from Tunceli to Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb.f B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Trigonosciadium intermedium B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 15 km from Ovacık Freyn & Sint. ex Sint. Tunceli-Işıkvuran crossroads to Işıkvuran * 3738 B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Nazımiye to Tunceli Turgeniopsis foenicuiacea B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Kaymaztepe 4325 (Fenzl) Boiss. and Kovuklu Zosima absinthifolia (Vent.) Link 3929 B7 Tunceli: Center, Alibaba nh B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and 3714 Achillea arabica Kotschy Pertek, junction of Kopuzlar v (=Achillea biebersteinii 3759 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 1 km S of Beydamı v Afanasiev) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Dereboyu and 4416 Sağlamtaş Achillea coarctata Poir B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 41 km from Tunceli to Achillea millefolium L B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Euro Boğazkaraderbent and Hasangazi Sib. Achillea nobilis L. subsp. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Derindere and Euro neilreichii (A.Kern.) Velen. Kırdım Sib. B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Tunceli- Achillea pseudoaleppica degraded * 3979 Ovacık-Dedeağaç crossroads to Dedeağaç v Hausskn. ex Hub.-Mor. oaks forest (Munzur Valley) Achillea schischkinii Sosn B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Demirkapı and Dervişcemal, 300 m to Buzlupınar junction * B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3.5 km from Hozat to Anthemis cretica L. subsp. pontica (Willd.) Grierson Artemisia absinthium L Artemisia marschalliana Spreng Carduus lanuginosus Willd Carduus pycnocephalus L. subsp. albidus (M.Bieb.) Kazmi 4081 Pertek, junction of Kardelen v. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, junction of Kızılcık v. B7 Tunceli: Center, 7 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 4 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2.5 km E of Sarıyayla v. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Üçdam and Erzurum-Erzincan mainroad B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1 km NE of Buyer Baba Lake B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu Eroded slopes, Mt. *

20 Armağan The explorations on Carlina oligocephala Boiss. & Kotschy Centaurea aggregata Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex DC. Centaurea balsamita Lam. Centaurea carduiformis DC. var. carduiformis Centaurea carduiformis DC. var. thrinciifolia (DC.) Wagenitz Centaurea consanguinea DC. Centaurea derderiifolia Wagenitz 5423 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karaçavuş and Boydaş B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Sarıyayla v B7 Tunceli: Hozat, W of Boydaş v , B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and field side, Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu ruderal, B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 4.5 km from Kızılcık to degraded Kuşcu oak forest 5212 B7 Tunceli, Çemişgezek, 1 km NE of Alakuş village B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 5.5 km from , Çemişgezek to Alakuş field side, 5433 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, W of Boydaş v ruderal, * 5641 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 30 km from Tunceli to degraded oak forest 4112 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 7 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 2 km from Bulgurtepe to Payamdüzü B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 1 km E of Uzundal v B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km from Ortaharman to Sülüntaş * 5967 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 8 km from Pertek to Tunceli B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 3 km from Elazığ-Pertek Çemişgezek crossroads to Çemişgezek (1 km S of Çorovan v.) * 5289 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 1 km E of Mercimek v Centaurea fenzlii Reichardt 5432 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, W of Boydaş v Centaurea glastifolia L. Centaurea iberica Trev. ex Sprengel Centaurea kurdica Reichardt Centaurea polypodiifolia Boiss. var. polypodiifolia Centaurea polypodiifolia Boiss. var. pseudobehen (Boiss.) Wagenitz Centaurea pseudoscabiosa Boiss. & Buhse subsp. araratica (Azn.) Wagenitz Centaurea pseudoscabiosa Boiss. & Buhse subsp. pseudoscabiosa Centaurea pterocaula Trautv. Centaurea rhizantha C.A.Mey. Centaurea rigida Banks & Sol. Centaurea saligna (K.Koch) Wagenitz degraded oaks forest 5359 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Sarıyayla v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Hasangazi to Balpayam B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, Kırdım v B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli to Ruderal, Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) 5133 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 2 km N of Geçityaka v , field side, 5213 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, E of Yeniköy v * ruderal, degraded oak forest * 4519 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v B7 Tunceli: Hozat, W of Boydaş v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Hasangazi to Kırklar B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, Şampaşakaraderbent v B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 18 km from Hozat to Ovacık B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Hasangazi to Kırklar B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Sarıgül to 5815 Yalmanlar, the walk way of Buyer Baba sanctuary 6661 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 2 km from Vişneli to Arpaderen B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 3 km from Elazığ-Pertek Çemişgezek crossroads to Çemişgezek (1 km S of Çorovan v.) 5605 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6 km E of Ayranlı v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 12 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Tunceli-Ovacık Field side, * 16

21 Yakatarla junction 5562 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Bardakçı to Derindere B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, W of Kırdım v Centaurea solstitialis L B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km S of Geçitveren v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6 km NE of Centaurea spectabilis (DC.) Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. Sch.Bip. var. microlopha (Boiss.) 5032 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 2 km N of Yenikonak v Wagenitz B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 17 km from Pertek to Tunceli Centaurea urvillei DC. subsp. hayekiana Wagenitz Centaurea urvillei DC. subsp. nimrodis (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Wagenitz 5534 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, Şampaşakaraderbent v Centaurea virgata Lam Cirsium haussknechtii Boiss. B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 4.5 km from Pertek to Tunceli, S of Mercimek v. B7 Tunceli: Center, 15 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Yarımkaya and Şahverdi B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) Ruderal, On rock, , field side, ruderal, degraded oak forest Chardinia orientalis (L.) Kuntze 4426 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 9 km from Pülümür to Tunceli (Pülümür valley), S of Kangallı v Cichorium intybus L. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 5.5 km from Kale to Obs , Doludizgin degraded B7 Tunceli: Center, 3.5 km from Aktuluk to Obs oaks forest Buğulu Cirsium aristatum DC B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, NE of Akdüven v * 6271 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, W of Yenice v B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, W of Yenice v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 10 km NE of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. Wet places 5362 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Sarıyayla v Cirsium cephalotes Boiss B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 8 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Eğimli and Kocatepe Euxine 6114 B7 Tunceli: Center, 3 km from Çılga v. to Tunceli center B7 Tunceli: Hozat, N of Çığırlı v Cirsium leucocephalum (Willd.) B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Hasangazi 6074 Spreng. to Kırklar Cirsium leuconeurum Boiss. & B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Kayabağ and * Hausskn. Derebucağı Medit. Cirsium simplex C.A.Mey. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 800 m NE of Buyer Mt armenum (DC.) Petr. Baba Lake pastures Cirsium simplex C.A.Mey. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Eğimli and Euxine Wet places simplex Kocatepe (Mt.) Cirsium sommieri Petr B7 Tunceli: Center, Alacık road Oak forest * Cirsium subinerme Fisch. & B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Balpayam 6016 C.A.Mey. to Ağaşenliği Wet places 6200 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Uzundal and Sarısaltuk B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Uzundal and Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Sarısaltuk 5746 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, SW of Güleç v B7 Tunceli: Center, 6 km from Gökçek to Çıralı Cirsium yildizianum Arabacı & B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, between Güneycik * Dirmenci and Beytaşı Cnicus benedictus L B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge Cota altissima (L.) J.Gay 3793 B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Sütlüce, 1.8 km from Sütlüce junction Field side, 3878 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 5 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek Cota austriaca (Jacq.) Sch.Bip. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Field side, Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu 8099a B7 Tunceli: Pertek, Kaledibi nh

22 Armağan The explorations on Cota melanoloma (Trauvt.) Holub Cota tinctoria (L.) J.Gay ex Guss. Cota wiedemanniana (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Holub Cousinia eriocephala Boiss. & Hausskn. Cousinia intertexta Freyn & Sint B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Sarıgül and Kocatepe B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, 700 m after Aktuluk v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla to Yakatarla B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Kaymaztepe and Kovuklu B7 Tunceli: Center, 2.5 km from Tunceli- Ovacık-Dedeağaç crossroads to Dedeağaç v. (Munzur Valley) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 7 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Çemişgezek and Elazığ, 6 km from Bulgurtepe to Payamdüzü B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 9 km from Kocatepe to Yalmanlar B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 2 km from Vişneli to Arpaderen , degraded oak forest * B7 Tunceli: Hozat, S of Kurukaymak , field side, ruderal, degraded oak forest * 3737 B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 32 km from Tunceli to Crepis alpina L. B7 Tunceli: Center, 2.5 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Center, 3 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce Crepis commutata (Spreng.) B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Çemişgezek and 4496 Greuter Elazığ, 6 km from Bulgurtepe to Payamdüzü B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 5 km from Pertek to Crepis foetida L. subsp. Çemişgezek Field side, rhoeadifolia (M.Bieb.) Čelak. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Derindere and Bardakçı Crepis sancta (L.) Bornm. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Center, 2.5 km from Tunceli to 3932 obovata (Boiss. & Noë) Babc B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Crupina crupinastrum (Moris) 4072b Field side, Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu Vis B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk Crupina vulgaris Cass. 4072a B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Field side, Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu Cyanus depressus (M.Bieb.) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Field side, Soják Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu Cyanus lanigerus (DC.) Holub 6556 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5 km from Işıkvuran to Ağaçpınar * Cyanus pichleri (Boiss.) Holub 4463 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3 km from Dervişcemal to Balkaynar Cyanus triumfetti (All.) Dostál ex B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı 6647 Á.Löve & D.Löve (Gersunut) v. () Cymbolaena griffithii (A.Gray) B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to 3891 Wagenitz Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge Cynara auranitica Post B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Field side, Beylermezrası to Göktepe 5719 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Kepektaşı B7 Tunceli: Hozat, N of Boydaş v. (Tahar Erigeron acris L. subsp. Valley) Euro.- pycnotrichus (Vierh.) Grierson B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2.5 km E of Sarıyayla Sib v. Erigeron caucasicus Steven. subsp. venustus (Botsch.) Grierson 5808 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Sarıgül to Yalmanlar, the walk way of Buyer Baba sanctuary Eupatorium cannabinum L Filago arvensis L Garhadiolus hedypnois Jaub. & Spach Gundelia dersim Vitek, Yüce & Ergin B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 31 km from Tunceli to Pülümür B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km from Erzincan- Erzurum-Tunceli crossroads to Pülümür B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1.5 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Çemişgezek and Elazığ, 6 km from Bulgurtepe to Payamdüzü B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 9 km from Pülümür to Tunceli (Pülümür valley), S of Kangallı v. B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, 700 m after Aktuluk v Wet places, Euro.- Sib * 18

23 Gundelia glabra Mill * Gundelia munzuriensis Vitek, Yüce & Ergin Obs * Gundelia vitekii Armağan Obs. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, Çakırkaya v * Helianthus tuberosus L B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4.5 km from Pülümür to Tunceli (Pülümür valley) In gardens Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench subsp. aucheri (Boiss.) P.H.Davis & Kupicha Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench subsp. rubicundum (K.Koch) P.H.Davis & Kupicha Helichrysum plicatum DC. subsp. plicatum 5609 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 7 km E of Ayranlı v * 6061 B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km W of Babaocağı v Hieracium pannosum Boiss Inula acaulis Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss. Inula helenium L. subsp. pseudohelenium Grierson Inula macrocephala Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 6.5 km from Pülümür to Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 800 m from Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 9.5 km from Kocatepe to Yalmanlar (the walk way of Buyer Baba sanctuary) B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, Şampaşakaraderbent v Inula oculus-christi L Inula thapsoides (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Spreng B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 5.5 km from Kale to Doludizgin B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2.5 km E of Sarıyayla v. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karaçavuş and Boydaş Rocky areas E.Medit Wet places, degraded oak forest * B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Çemişgezek and Elazığ, 3 km NW of Sarıbalta v. B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Beydamı and Yolkanak B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 17 km from Pertek to Tunceli B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 9 km from Kocatepe to Yalmanlar B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla to Yakatarla Euro.- Sib Inula viscidula Boiss. & Kotschy 6018 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km W of Ağaşenliği Jurinea cataonica Boiss. & Hausskn. Jurinea pontica Hausskn. & Freyn ex Hausskn. Jurinella moschus (Hablitz) Bobrov Klasea cerinthifolia (Sm.) Greuter & Wagenitz Klasea serratuloides (DC.) Greuter & Wagenitz Lactuca hispida L. (=Cephalorrhynchus tuberosus (Steven) Schchian) Lactuca mulgedioides (Vis. & Pančić) Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, between Ramazanköy and Ayranlı B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 42 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley), across of Ağlayan Kayalar B7 Tunceli: Center, 17 km from Tunceli- slopes 6188 Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Çıralı v. (5 km before Çıralı v.) 6014 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Balpayam to Ağaşenliği B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 2.6 km from * Çemişgezek to Gedikler 4846 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) Mt B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 6 km E of Kırklar v B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, center B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 12 km from Işıkvuran to Eskigedik B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 6 km from Kocatepe to Çakırkaya B7 Tunceli: Center, 26 km from Tunceli to Degraded 5887 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 8 km NE of oaks Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. forest, 4204 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Hozat and Ovacık, 2 km from Yüceldi to Aşlıca Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Yukarıoyumca v B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, Degraded Lapsana communis L. subsp m after Aktuluk v. oaks intermedia (M.Bieb) Hayek var. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 800 m NE of Buyer forest, intermedia Baba Lake 19

24 Armağan The explorations on 3967 B7 Tunceli: Center, 2.5 km from Tunceli- Ovacık-Dedeağaç crossroads to Dedeağaç v (Munzur Valley) 3804 B7 Tunceli: Center, 2 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce Leontodon asperrimus (Willd.) B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye 4175 Endl. to Tunceli Onopordum acanthium L B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, Şampaşakaraderbent v B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 6 km from Çemişgezek to Pertek Onopordum candidum Nábělek B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 4.5 km from Kızılcık to Kuşcu 6273 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Kızılcık v B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli to Onopordum carduchorum Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) Bornm. & Beauverd 5955 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, NE of Aslanyurdu v Onopordum polycephalum Boiss. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 3 km from Ağaçpınar to Işıkvuran * B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 3 km from Ağaçpınar to Işıkvuran Onopordum tauricum Willd B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Bozağaç Euro and Ulukale villages Sib. Onopordum turcicum Danin 6082 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, SE of Kırklar v Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, NE of Akdüven v Picris hieracioides L. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 3 km from Kale to Doludizgin Euro.- B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Hasangazi Sib to Kırklar Pilosella echioides (Lumn.) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Kale to 6049 F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. Doludizgin Pilosella verruculata (Link) B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2.5 km E of Sarıyayla 5371 Soják v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1.5 km from Turnadere to Közlüce Pilosella x auriculoides (Láng), B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 48 km from Tunceli to Arv. -Touv. pastures 4058 Ovacık, 10 km before Ovacık (Munzur Valley) Psephellus goeksunensis (Aytaç & H.Duman) Greuter & Raab- Straube 5010 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, km from Tunceli to Pülümür Mt., Psephellus pyrrhoblepharus rocky * (Boiss.) Wagenitz areas B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Sarıgül and Kocatepe Ptilostemon afer (Jacq.) Greuter B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2 km from Nazımiye * subsp. eburneus Greuter to Tunceli Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, S of Dedebağ v Wet places Euro.- Pulicaria vulgaris (L.) Gaertn B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, around of Kale v Sib. Reichardia dichotoma (Vahl) Freyn Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) Gaertn. Scorzonera incisa DC. Scorzonera latifolia (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) DC. Scorzonera papposa DC. Scorzonera tomentosa L. * 5784 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Kocatepe and Çakırkaya B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye Medit to Tunceli 6546 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 9 km from Aşağıtorunoba to Çakmaklı B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 9 km from Aşağıtorunoba to Çakmaklı B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Kabadal and Sağlamtaş B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, SW of Yakatarla v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Derindere and Bardakçı 4152 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Beylermezrası to Aslanyurdu B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Kopuzlar to Yolkonak B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 7 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, Tahar valley (Ali Boğazı) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 9 km from Tunceli- Ovacık-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla * 20

25 Scorzonera veratrifolia Fenzl 6021 Senecio cilicius Boiss. Senecio othonnae M.Bieb. Senecio racemosus (M.Bieb.) DC. Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit. Siebera pungens (Lam.) J. Gay Tanacetum argenteum (Lam.) Willd. subsp. canum (K.Koch) Grierson Tanacetum armenum (DC.) Sch.Bip. Tanacetum balsamita L. Tanacetum balsamitoides Sch.Bip. Tanacetum cappadocicum (DC.) Sch.Bip. Tanacetum cilicium (Boiss.) Grierson Tanacetum mucroniferum Hub.- Mor. & Grierson Tanacetum nitens (Boiss. & Noë) Grierson Tanacetum polycephalum Sch.Bip. subsp. argyrophyllum (K.Koch) Podlech (=Tanacetum argyrophyllum (K.Koch) Tzvelev) Tanacetum zahlbruckneri (Náb.) Grierson Taraxacum montanum (C.A.Mey.) DC. Taraxacum stevenii DC. (=Taraxacum crepidiforme DC.) Obs B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, S of Ağaşenliği v., between Ağaşenliği and Altınhüseyin B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2.5 km E of Sarıyayla v. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2.5 km E of Sarıyayla v. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 16 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Hasangazi to Kırklar B7 Tunceli: Center, 500 m from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce v. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km from Ortaharman to Sülüntaş Wet places, * Euro.- Sib B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, N of Akdüven v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 3 km from Pınarlar to Biçmekaya B7 Tunceli: Center, 17 km from Tunceli to On rocks Rock 6535 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Yoncalı to crevices Ağaçpınar 5437 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Boydaş and Karaçavuş B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2.5 km E of Sarıyayla v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, around of Buyer Baba Lake Riverside 4678 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi * 4436 B7 Tunceli: Center, 16 km from Aktuluk to Demirkapı E.Medit B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km S of Holik v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km E of Işıkvuran v Rocky B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 18 km from Ovacık areas, * Tunceli-Işıkvuran crossroads to Işıkvuran B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Sarıgül and Kocatepe 4448 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Demirkapı and Rocky * Dervişcemal, 300 m to Buzlupınar junction areas B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3.5 km from Hozat to Pertek, junction of Kardelen v. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1 km from Çakırkaya and Dereboyu B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2.5 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 38 km from Tunceli to Pülümür B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 9 km from Kocatepe to Yalmanlar On rocks * Tragopogon buphthalmoides B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Hasangazi 6073 (DC.) Boiss. to Kırklar Tragopogon porrifolius L. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık longirostris (Sch.Bip.) Greuter Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v Tragopogon reticulatus Boiss. & B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 9 km from Kocatepe to 5799 Huet Yalmanlar B7 Tunceli: Center, 17 km from Tunceli- Tripleurospermum monticolum * 6519 Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Çıralı v. (8 km (Boiss. & A.Huet) Bornm. before Çıralı v.) Tussilago farfara L. Obs. B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli to Euro Sib. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Sarıgül to Rocky Turanecio eriospermus (DC.) 5812 Yalmanlar, the walk way of Buyer Baba areas, Hamzaoğlu sanctuary 4292 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Işıkvuran v Xanthium spinosum L. Obs. B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, Bağsuyu v

26 Armağan The explorations on Xanthium strumarium L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, S of Dedebağ v Zoegea leptaurea L. BERBERIDACEAE Juss. Berberis crataegina DC Bongardia chrysogenum (L.) Spach 4504 B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 5 km from Payamdüzü to Yemişdere B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, S of Dedebağ v Leontice leontopetalum L BETULACEAE Gray Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. subsp. glutinosa Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. subsp. antitaurica Yalt B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 16 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 7 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 7 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 16 km from Ovacık to Tunceli (Munzur Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 4 km from Tunceli center to Babaocağı Wet places, Riverside Euro.- Sib Riverside E.Medit. Corylus avellana L B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km N of Elmalı Riverside BORAGINACEAE Juss. Alkanna froedinii Rech.f Alkanna orientalis (L.) Boiss Anchusa leptophylla Roem. & Schhult. subsp. tomentosa (Boiss.) D.F.Chamb B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Sarıgül to Yalmanlar B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3.2 km from Hozat to Pertek B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 3 km from Pertek to Tunceli Euro.- Sib * * Asperugo procumbens L B7 Tunceli: Center, Alibaba nh Brunnera orientalis I.M.Johnst Cerinthe minor L Cynoglossum creticum Mill. Cynoglossum vanense Storý B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 4 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 38 km from Tunceli to Pülümür B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Yoncalı to Ağaçpınar B7 Tunceli: Center, 12 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and, road of Dilek v. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 48 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 500 m from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce v. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi Degraded oak forest, Echium italicum L Macrotomia densiflora (Ledeb.) McBride Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. subsp. rivularis Vestergr Nonea persica Boiss Onosma alborosea Fisch. & C.A.Mey. subsp. sanguinolenta (Vatke) Bornm. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Hasangazi to Balpayam B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Işıkvuran to Ağaçpınar Euro.- Sib. Euxine Euro.- Sib Medit Mt B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, W of Ziyaret v Riverside 4680 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 41 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi Onosma malatyana Binzet 7516 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1.5 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe Onosma sericea Willd. Obs. B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, 700 m after Aktuluk v B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and , road of Dilek v., Paracaryum cristatum (Schreb.) 4570 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km S of Geçitveren v rocky * Boiss. areas 5026 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak

27 8100 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, Kaledibi nh B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km from Pülümür to Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Center, 2.5 km from Tunceli to Rindera caespitosa (A.DC.) B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Kırklar to 4852 Bunge Kızılmescit * Rindera lanata (Lam.) Bunge 4451 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Demirkapı and Dervişcemal, 300 m to Buzlupınar junction B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak Rochelia disperma (L.) K.Koch 4674 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi BRASSICACEAE Burnett Aethionema arabicum (L.) Andrz. ex DC. Aethionema armenum Boiss. Aethionema carneum (Banks & Sol.) B.Fedtsch. Aethionema cordatum (Desf.) Boiss. Aethionema diastrophis Bunge Aethionema grandiflorum Boiss. & Hohen. Aethionema membranaceum (Desv.) DC. Aethionema oppositifolium (Pers.) Hedge Aethionema speciosum Boiss. & A.Huet Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande 4590 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 4 km from Geçitveren to Akdüven B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km S of Geçitveren v B7 Tunceli: Center, 10 km from Aktuluk to Demirkapı B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Yazıören and Gözeler 6490 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Center, 500 m from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Derindere and Kırdım 4806 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, Kırklar v B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Aktuluk to Buğulu B7 Tunceli: Center, 7 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) Rocky B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı areas, (Gersunut) v. () B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3.5 km from Demirkapı to Dervişcemal 3991 B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and, road of Dilek v B7 Tunceli: Center, 3 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 11 km from Ovacık to Hozat, 1 km before junction of Bilgeç v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 12 km from Ovacık to Hozat, 250 m before junction of Bilgeç v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla to Yakatarla B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Çığırlı and Dervişcemal, junction of Buzlupınar B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Gözeler and Yazıören, 1 km S of Mollaaliler v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 17 km from Ovacık to Hozat, E of Halitpınar v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1 km from Pülümür- Tunceli-Turnadere crossroads to Turnadere v B7 Tunceli: Center, Kocalar-Sütlüce-Tüllük crossroads B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 2.5 km from Demirkapı to Dervişcemal B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı Rock (Gersunut) v. () crevices 4889 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) Mt B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 15 km from Ovacık to , Hozat (NE of Halitpınar v.) shadow 4374 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, Kocatepe v areas Alyssum callichroum Boiss. & 4123 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Akpazar, S of Yenice v

28 Armağan The explorations on Balansa Alyssum condensatum Boiss. & Hausskn. subsp. flexibile (Nyar) T.R.Dudley Alyssum contemptum Schott & Kotschy Alyssum filiforme Nyár. Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. subsp. murale var. murale Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. subsp. murale var. alpinum Boiss. ex Nyár. Alyssum ochroleucum Boiss. & A.Huet Alyssum pateri Nyár. subsp. pateri Alyssum pateri Nyár. subsp. prostratum (Nyár.) T.R.Dudley Alyssum peltarioides Boiss. subsp. virgatiforme (Nyár.) T.R.Dudley (N of Şevki mezrası) 5170 B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, Tahar valley (Ali Boğazı) 4381 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, Çakırkaya v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla to Yakatarla B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Hozat and Ovacık, around of Yüceldi v B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, the road of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Center, 12 km from Aktuluk to Demirkapı B7 Tunceli: Center, Alibaba nh B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Nazımiye to Dereova B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Nazımiye to Tunceli * 4203 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, S of Mercimek v B7 Tunceli: Center, 500 m from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce v B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Tunceli Ovacık-Dedeağaç crossroads to Dedeağaç v (Munzur Valley) 5490 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, W of Kırdım v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 2.5 km from Tunceli- Ovacık-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Yazıören and Gözeler B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Pülümür and Erzincan, Pülümür Mt B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla to Yakatarla B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km E of Kırklar v * * 4869 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, Şampaşakaraderbent v Pastures * Alyssum sibiricum Willd Alyssum simplex Rudolph Alyssum strictum Willd. Alyssum strigosum Banks & Sol. Alyssum virgatum Nyár. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km from Ortaharman to Sülüntaş B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Yazıören and Gözeler B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5 km from Işıkvuran to Ağaçpınar B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Işıkvuran to Ağaçpınar B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Pülümür and Erzincan, Pülümür Mt. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 2 km NE of Akpınar v Alyssum xanthocarpum Boiss Anchonium elichrysifolium (DC.) Boiss B7 Tunceli: Center, 10 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Dereboyu and Sağlamtaş B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.5 km from Kocatepe to Sarıgül, near to Sarıgül junction B7 Tunceli: Center, Örenönü Nature Park (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 26 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5 km from Işıkvuran to Ağaçpınar B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Pülümür and Erzincan, Pülümür Mt. B7 Tunceli: Center, 26 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Sarıgül to Yalmanlar, the walk way of Buyer Baba * Mt. * slopes * Mt. 24

29 sanctuary Arabis alpina L. Aubrieta libanotica Boiss. & Hohen. Aurinia rupestris (Sweet) Cullen & T.R.Dudley subsp. cyclocarpa (Boiss.) Cullen & T.R.Dudley B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () Rocky areas, Rock crevices Rocky areas, * 6532 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1 km W of Ağaçpınar Barbarea auriculata Hausskn. ex * Riverside Bornm. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Hiver to Dağyolu (Pülümür Mt.) Barbarea brachycarpa Boiss B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 12 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v., (5 km SE of Riverside Aşağımarkosör) Capsella rubella Reut B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km E of Geçitveren v Medit. Cardamine uliginosa M.Bieb B7 Tunceli: Center, Örenönü Nature Park (Pülümür Valley) Wet 4861 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Kırklar to meadows Kızılmescit * Clypeola jonthlaspi L B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km from Kocatepe to Çakırkaya On rocks B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v. Coluteocarpus vesicaria (L.) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 9.5 km from Kocatepe to * Holmboe 5804 Yalmanlar (the walk way of Buyer Baba sanctuary) 6442 B7 Tunceli: Center, Alibaba nh B7 Tunceli: Center, between Ambar and Conringia clavata Boiss. Karakoç 4757 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1 km from Pülümür- Tunceli-Turnadere crossroads to Turnadere v Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort 4591 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 4 km from Geçitveren to Akdüven Crambe orientalis L. Obs. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 7 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe Draba bruniifolia Steven B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı Rocky (Gersunut) v. () areas, B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) Draba nuda (Bélanger) Al- B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 20 km from Pülümür to 6423 Shehbaz & M.Koch Tunceli (Pülümür valley) Draba rigida Willd B7 Tunceli: Center, 12 km from Tunceli to On rocks Draba verna L B7 Tunceli: Center, Örenönü Nature Park (Pülümür Valley) Meadows Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 5 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 17 km from Ovacık to 4716 Erysimum crassipes Fisch. & Hozat, E of Halitpınar v C.A.Mey. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 9 km from Pülümür to 4428 Tunceli (Pülümür valley), S of Kangallı v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 3.5 km from Eğripınar to 5006 Erysimum leucanthemum Yenikonak (han ex Willd.) B.Fedtsch. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Kırklar to 4859 Kızılmescit Erysimum pycnophyllum J.Gay 6495 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 7 km from Pülümür to Erzincan (Pülümür Mt.) Erysimum uncinatifolium Boiss. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, around of Dereova v., km SE of Aşağımarkosör Euro.- B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam Sib (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) 4023 B7 Tunceli: Center, 26 km from Tunceli to , Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik. subsp. clypeata var. eriocarpa (DC.) Post 4049 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 46 km from Tunceli to Ovacık, 12 km before Ovacık (Munzur Valley) degraded oak forest, dried river 4413 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Dereboyu and bad Sağlamtaş 25

30 Armağan The explorations on Heldreichia bupleurifolia Boiss. subsp. bupleurifolia 5821 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, NE of Buyer Baba Lake Mt. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Kırklar to 4850 Hesperis bicuspidata (Willd.) Kızılmescit Poir. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Kırklar to 4851 Kızılmescit * Hesperis breviscapa Boiss B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Işıkvuran to Ağaçpınar B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 6 km from Kocatepe to Çakırkaya * Hesperis matronalis L B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Hozat and Ovacık, 2 km from Yüceldi to Aşlıca B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., Rock Hesperis pendula DC. subsp. crevices, campicarpa (Boiss.) Dvorak B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Ziyaret v., N of Munzur Gözeleri * E.Medit. Hesperis persica Boiss Mt B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v Hesperis thyrsoidea Boiss B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 14 km from Ovacık to Hozat (NE of Halitpınar v.) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1 km from Çakırkaya and Dereboyu B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Dereboyu and Sağlamtaş Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.- B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 2 km from 4485 Foss Bulgurtepe to Payamdüzü Hornungia petraea (L.) R.Br. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 33 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 15 km from Tunceli to Iberis simplex DC B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Akpazar, S of Yenice v. (S of Şevki mezrası) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Işıkvuran to Eskigedik B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and, road of Dilek v Isatis candolleana Boiss B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2-3 km from Çakırkaya and Dereboyu * 3801 B7 Tunceli: Center, 2 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce Isatis cappadocica Desv. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3.5 km from Demirkapı to 3853 cappadocica Dervişcemal Isatis cappadocica Desv. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to macrocarpa (Jaub. & Spach) 5025 Yenikonak P.H.Davis Isatis cappadocica Desv. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6 km NE of 5876 steveniana (Trautv.) P.H.Davis Büyükyurt (Hakis) v Isatis cochlearis Boiss B7 Tunceli: Center, 12 km from Aktuluk to Demirkapı B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, center B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2.5 km E of Sarıyayla Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 8 km from Pertek to Tunceli Isatis spectabilis P.H.Davis 4908 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.5 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v * B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 15 km from Ovacık to 4731 Isatis tinctoria L. subsp. Hozat (NE of Halitpınar v.) tomentella (Boiss.) P.H.Davis B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 36 km from Tunceli to Isatis undulata Aucher ex Boiss B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Pülümür and * Erzincan, Pülümür Mt. Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 5 km from Pertek to 3871 DC. Çemişgezek Myagrum perfoliatum L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Işıkvuran to Ağaçpınar Pseudosempervivum aucheri B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 6 km from Kocatepe to Mt. * (Boiss.) Pobed Çakırkaya 4848 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam

31 (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) Ricotia aucheri (Boiss.) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Işıkvuran to 4916 B.L.Burtt Ağaçpınar Sinapis arvensis L B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 5 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu Ruderal, Sisymbrium altissimum L B7 Tunceli: Center, Alibaba nh B7 Tunceli: Center, Gözen (İksor) v Sisymbrium loeselii L B7 Tunceli: Center, 26 km from Tunceli to Ruderal, Strigosella africana (L.) Botsch B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 25 km from Tunceli to Pülümür Ruderal 4239 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 18 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Işıkvuran crossroads to Işıkvuran B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Çıralı v. ( , Tchihatchewia isatidea Boiss. km before Çıralı v.) rocky * 3960 B7 Tunceli: Center, 8 km from Tunceli to areas Ovacık (Munzur valley) 3819 B7 Tunceli: Center, 3 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce Thlaspi arvense L. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.5 km from Kocatepe , to Sarıgül, near to Sarıgül junction degraded B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Kırklar to oak forest Kızılmescit 4290 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Işıkvuran v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1 km from Çakırkaya Thlaspi bornmuelleri (Rech.f.) Ruderal, and Dereboyu * Hedge B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1.8 km from Hiver to Dağyolu (Pülümür Mt.) Thlaspi huetii Boiss B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 31 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) Thlaspi kurdicum Hedge 4841 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) Mt. Turritis laxa (Sibth. & Sm.) B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, around of Dereova v., 6522 Hayek 5 km SE of Aşağımarkosör CAMPANULACEAE Juss. Asyneuma amplexicaule (Willd.) Hand.-Mazz B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 700 m N of Uzundal v Asyneuma lobelioides (Willd.) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km NW of Ardıçlı 4904 Hand. -Mazz. (Gersunut) v Campanula conferta A.DC B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, the road of Sarısaltuk Türbesi Campanula glomerata L. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Center, 12 km from Aktuluk to Euro hispida (Witasek) Hayek Demirkapı Sib. Campanula hedgei P.H.Davis 6112 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () On rocks * Campanula munzurensis B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam 4835 P.H.Davis (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) Mt. * Campanula oligosperma B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 12 km from Işıkvuran to 4935 Dambolt Eskigedik * Campanula propinqua Fisch. & B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Kopuzlar to 3748 C.A.Mey Yolkonak Campanula quercetorum Hub.- B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., Rock Mor. & C.Simon crevices * Campanula reuteriana Boiss. & Balansa 4581 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km E of Geçitveren v Campanula sclerotricha Boiss Campanula stevenii M.Bieb B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km E of Kırklar v Campanula tridentata Schreb Rocky B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı areas, (Gersunut) v. () Campanula yildirimlii Kit Tan & B7 Tunceli: Center, 26 km from Tunceli to Rock Sorger crevices * Legousia falcata (Ten.) Fritsch ex B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, Janch. km from Tunceli to Pülümür Oak forest Medit. Legousia pentagonia (L.) Thell B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v E.Medit. CANNABACEAE Martinov Celtis australis L. subsp. caucasica (WiId.) C.C.Towns B7 Tunceli: Center, 10 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley)

32 Armağan The explorations on Celtis tournefortii Lam CAPRIFOLIACEAE Juss. Centranthus longiflorus Steven Cephalaria syriaca (L.) Schrad Dipsacus lacinatus L Lonicera orientalis Lam Morina persica L Pterocephalus plumosus (L.) Coulter Scabiosa crinita Kotschy & Boiss Scabiosa micrantha Desf Scabiosa persica Boiss Scabiosa rotata M.Bieb Valeriana alliariifolia Adams Valeriana sisymbriifolia Vahl Valerianella coronata (L.) DC. Valerianella dactylophylla Boiss. & Hohen. Valerianella glomerata Boiss. & Balansa Valerianella lasiocarpa Steven ex Betcke Valerianella pumila (L.) DC. Valerianella uncinata (M.Bieb.) Dufr. Valerianella vesicaria (L.) Moench CARYOPHYLLACEAE Juss. Acanthophyllum oppositiflorum Aytaç Acanthophyllum verticillatum C.A.Mey. B7 Tunceli: between Tunceli - Kovancılar, 1 km after Kızılcık v. B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and, road of Dilek v. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 2 km from Dervişcemal to Hozat B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu B7 Tunceli: Hozat, N of Boydaş v. (Tahar Valley) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 9 km from Demirkapı to Dervişcemal B7 Tunceli: Center, 15 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Çıralı v. (10 km before Çıralı v.) B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 5.5 km from Çemişgezek to Alakuş B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 8 km from Çukur to Güleç Ruderal Oak forest, * B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 700 m N of Uzundal v B7 Tunceli: Center, 17 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Yazıören and Gözeler B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 4 km from Eskigedik to Işıkvuran B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, Hasangazi v B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Çıralı v. ( km before Çıralı v.) 3680 B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, 700 m after Aktuluk v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 25 km from Tunceli to Pülümür B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Beydamı and Yolkanak B7 Tunceli: Center, 2.5 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Tunceli a B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km S of Geçitveren v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Tunceli Riverside Rock crevices, Field side, * 4576b B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km S of Geçitveren v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, Kaledibi nh B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Sarıtaş to Gözen (İksor), Kalan Valley B7 Tunceli: Center, 17 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, m after Aktuluk v B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to * Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge 6130 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, S of Dedebağ v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 2 km W of Bulgurtepe v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 8 km from Pertek to Tunceli B7 Tunceli: Center, 10 km from Tunceli to Field side, Agrostemma githago L B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk

33 Arenaria kotschyana Fenzl 4952 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., Rock crevices * B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.5 km from Kocatepe Arenaria serpyllifolia L. to Sarıgül, near to Sarıgül junction 4793 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, SE of Közlüce v Cerastium chlorifolium Fisch. & B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere 4775 C.A.Mey. to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Hozat and Ovacık, 2 km from Yüceldi to Aşlıca Wet Cerastium davuricum Fisch. ex B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 4.5 km from Uzundal to Euro meadows, Spreng. Yüceldi Sib. oak forest B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Pertek, junction of Kopuzlar v. Cerastium dichotomum L B7 Tunceli: Center, 2 km E of Buğulu v Oak forest Cerastium longifolium Willd B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, E of Kırklar v Cerastium purpurascens Adams 6674 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 6 km E of Kırklar v Dianthus calocephalus Boiss B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, SE of Közlüce v scree B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 3 km from Elazığ-Pertek- Dianthus floribundus Boiss Çemişgezek crossroads to Çemişgezek (1 km S of Çorovan v.) B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3.5 km from Hozat to Pertek, junction of Kardelen v Dianthus orientalis Adams Dianthus tabrisianus Bien. ex Boiss Dianthus zederbaueri Vierh Dianthus zonatus Fenzl var. aristatus (Boiss.) Reeve Eremogone acutisepala (Hausskn. ex F.Williams) Ikonn. Eremogone blepharophylla (Boiss.) Ikonn. Eremogone gypsophiloides (L.) Fenzl Eremogone ledebouriana (Fenzl) Ikonn. Eremogone macrantha (Schischk.) Ikonn. Eremogone pseudacantholimon (Bornm.) Holub Gypsophila aucheri Boiss B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., B7 Tunceli: Center, 8 km from Tunceli to Ovacık (Munzur valley) B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Çığırlı and Dervişcemal, junction of Buzlupınar B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 3.5 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 5 km from Çukur to Güleç B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 5.5 km from Çemişgezek to Alakuş B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 5 km from Çukur to Güleç B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 4 km from Akdüven to Güleç B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 3 km from Gözeler to Yazıören B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v Rocky areas, Rocky areas, * * 4827 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, E of Kırklar v B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Demirkapı and Dervişcemal, 300 m to Buzlupınar junction B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Demirkapı and Dervişcemal, 300 m to Buzlupınar junction B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, the road of Sarısaltuk Türbesi 4740 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 11 km from Ovacık to Hozat, 1 km before junction of Bilgeç v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km E of Kırklar v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 3.5 km from Eğripınar to * Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.5 km from Kocatepe to Sarıgül, near to Sarıgül junction 4823 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, E of Kırklar v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 6 km from Işıkvuran to Eskigedik * 5193 B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Gülbahçe and Gedikler B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 4 km from Ortaharman to Darıkent * 5390 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, N of Yayıkağıl v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 7 km from Pertek to

34 Armağan The explorations on Gypsophila briquetiana Schischk. Gypsophila hispida Boiss Tunceli 5571 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km N of Elmalı B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Sarıgül to 5811 Yalmanlar, the walk way of Buyer Baba sanctuary B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3.5 km from Bardakçı to Derindere Rock crevices scree, degraded oak forest * , Gypsophila laricina Schreb. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 9 km NW of Ardıçlı rocky * (Gersunut) v. () areas 6094 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km E of Kırklar v Gypsophila munzurensis B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 30 km from Tunceli to 5645 Armağan Gypsophila ruscifolia Boiss B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Gypsophila venusta Fenzl 4085 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu Herniaria hirsuta L B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge Holosteum umbellatum L. var. B7 Tunceli: Center, 3 km from Tunceli to 6380 glutinosum (M.Bieb.) Gay Ovacık (Munzur valley) Holosteum umbellatum L. var. B7 Tunceli: Center, 7 km from Tunceli to 6432 umbellatum Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) Minuartia anatolica (Boiss.) B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam Woronow var. lanuginosa 4842 (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) McNeill Mt. * Minuartia erythrosepala (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz. Minuartia glandulosa (Boiss. & A.Huet) Bornm. Minuartia hirsuta (M.Bieb.) Hand.-Mazz. subsp. falcata (Gris.) Mattf. Minuartia juniperina (L.) Maire & Petitm. Minuartia mesogitana (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz. subsp. kotschyana (Boiss.) McNeill Minuartia meyeri (Boiss.) Bornm. Minuartia multinervis (Boiss.) Bornm. Minuartia recurva (All.) Schinz & Thell. subsp. oreina (Mattf.) McNeill Minuartia rimarum (Boiss. & Balansa) Mattf. Minuartia umbellulifera (Boiss.) McNeill subsp. umbellifera var. kurdica McNeill Paronychia euphratica (Chaudhri) Chaudhri Paronychia kurdica Boiss. subsp. kurdica B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Demirkapı and Rocky Dervişcemal, 300 m to Buzlupınar junction areas, * B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, the road of Sarısaltuk Türbesi 4289 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Işıkvuran v B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi Rocky areas, B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Sarıgül to Yalmanlar a 4656 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 25 km from Tunceli to Pülümür B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Sarıgül to Yalmanlar B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, E of Kırklar v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 800 m NE of Buyer Baba Lake B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 17 km from Ovacık to Hozat, E of Halitpınar v. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Akpazar, S of Yenice v. (S of Şevki mezrası) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 3 km from Gözeler to Yazıören B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, W of Bozağaç village B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km from Ortaharman to Sülüntaş B7 Tunceli: Center, 10 km from Aktuluk to Demirkapı B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye to Tunceli Rock crevices * * Rocky areas, * 30

35 Paronychia kurdica Boiss. subsp. montis-munzur Chaudhri Petrorhagia alpina (Hablitz) P.W.Ball & Heywood Petrorhagia cretica (L.) P.W.Ball & Heywood Phryna ortegioides (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Pax & K.Hoffm. Saponaria glutinosa M.Bieb B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Koçpınar and Çalıözü B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 6.5 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek B7 Tunceli: Center, 500 m from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce v. B7 Tunceli: Center, 3 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Dereboyu and Sağlamtaş B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 17 km from Ovacık to Hozat, E of Halitpınar v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla to Yakatarla B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km from Ortaharman to Sülüntaş B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Saponaria orientalis L Saponaria prostrata Willd. subsp. anatolica Hedge Saponaria prostrata Willd. subsp. prostrata B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 3 km from Elazığ-Pertek- Çemişgezek crossroads to Çemişgezek (1 km S of Çorovan v.) B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 4.5 km from Hozat to Pertek B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, the road of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Center, 12 km from Aktuluk to Demirkapı B7 Tunceli: Center, 26 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 12 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Kaymaztepe and Kovuklu B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 41 km from Tunceli to Rock crevices * Degraded oak forest, scree * * * 3912 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, SW of Mercimek v Scleranthus annuus L B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 3 km S of Ovacık Scleranthus uncinatus Schur 4569 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km S of Geçitveren v Silene ampullata Boiss B7 Tunceli: Center, 15 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Çıralı v. (10 km before Çıralı v.) B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye Silene argentea Ledeb to Tunceli B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Demirkapı and Rocky Silene arguta Fenzl Dervişcemal, 300 m to Buzlupınar junction areas, 4816 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.8 km E of Kırklar v Rocky Silene caryophylloides (Poir.) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı areas, Otth subsp. caryophylloides (Gersunut) v. () B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi Silene caryophylloides (Poir.) Otth subsp. subulata (Boiss.) B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and On rocks Coode & Cullen Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: 10 km from Pülümür - Erzincan mainroad to Süleymanuşağı village 3926 B7 Tunceli: Center, Alibaba nh Silene chlorifolia Sm B7 Tunceli: Center, S of Kopuzlar v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Hozat and Silene compacta Fisch. ex Ovacık, around of Yüceldi v. Hornem. B7 Tunceli: Center, 5 km from Tunceli to Silene dianthoides Pers. Mt. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Işıkvuran to Silene italica (L.) Pers Medit. Ağaçpınar Degraded Silene latifolia Poir. subsp. alba B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, oak forest, (Miller) Greuter & Burdet km from Tunceli to Pülümür 31

36 Armağan The explorations on B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3.5 km from Hozat to Silene longipetala Vent Pertek, junction of Kardelen v. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and * Silene manissadjianii Freyn Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi 4809 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km E of Kırklar v Rocky B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere Silene marschallii C.A.Mey areas, to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Akpınar and Karabakır Silene montbretiana Boiss. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 15 km from Ovacık to Hozat (NE of Halitpınar v.) B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi Silene odontopetala Fenzl Silene saxatilis Sims 4724 Silene sclerophylla Chowdhuri 5254 Silene spergulifolia (Desf.) M.Bieb. Silene stenobotrys Boiss. & Hausskn. Silene surculosa Hub.-Mor B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Çıralı v. (11 km before Çıralı v.) B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 15 km from Ovacık to Hozat (NE of Halitpınar v.) B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, E slopes of Hılbeşen bridge, across of Ağlayan Kayalar B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3.5 km from Hozat to Pertek, junction of Kardelen v. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye to Tunceli B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Çıralı v. (11 km before Çıralı v.) Rock crevices * Rock crevices 4523 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Silene swertiifolia Boiss Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke var. commutata (Guss.) Coode & Cullen Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke var. vulgaris B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 6 km from Işıkvuran to Eskigedik B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 17 km from Ovacık to Hozat, E of Halitpınar v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla to Yakatarla B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.5 km from Kocatepe to Sarıgül, near to Sarıgül junction B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 7 km from Pülümür to Erzincan (Pülümür Mt.) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, junction of Kızılcık v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 4 km from Aşağıtorunoba to Ağaçpınar B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Pertek, junction of Kopuzlar v * Oak forest Stellaria media (L.) Vill B7 Tunceli: Center, Alibaba nh Telephium oligospermum Steud. ex Boiss. Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert (=Vaccaria pyramidata subsp. grandiflora (Fisch. ex DC.) Hayek) 6128 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, S of Dedebağ v B7 Tunceli: Center, 500 m from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce v Obs. B7 Tunceli: Center, 500 m from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce v Velezia rigida L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v CELASTRACEAE R.Br. Euonymus latifolius Mill. subsp. cauconis Coode & Cullen Euonymus latifolius Mill. subsp. latifolius Parnassia palustris L CLEOMACEAE Airy Shaw Cleome iberica DC B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km W of Oak forest Altınhüseyin B7 Tunceli: Center, 18 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 8 km NE of Oak forest Büyükyurt (Hakis) v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, E of Ardıçlı v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, S of Ağaşenliği v., Wet between Ağaşenliği and Altınhüseyin meadows B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge * Euxine Euro.- Sib Ruderal E.Medit. 32

37 CONVOLVULACEAE Juss. Cuscuta balansae Boiss B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2 km from Nazımiye to Dereova On Ziziphora sp. Cuscuta europaea L B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, Şampaşakaraderbent v Parasite On Cuscuta globularis Bertol B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km S of Holik v Tanacetum sp. Cuscuta lupuliformis Krock B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, W of Kırdım v Parasite CRASSULACEAE J.St.-Hil. Prometheum aizoon (Fenzl) t Hart Prometheum sempervivoides (Fischer ex M.Bieb.) H.Ohba Rosularia sempervivum (M.Bieb.) A.Berger subsp. persica (Boiss.) Eggli Sedum album L Umbilicus luteus (Huds.) Webb & Berthel CUCURBITACEAE Juss B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Sarıgül to Yalmanlar, the walk way of Buyer Baba sanctuary B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 9 km from Demirkapı to Dervişcemal B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., B7 Tunceli: Center, 1.5 km from Sarıtaş to Gözen (İksor), Kalan Valley Rocky areas, Rock crevices Euro.- Sib Wet places in Oak forest Bryonia aspera Stev. ex Ledeb B7 Tunceli: Hozat, S of Kurukaymak Riverside CUPRESSACEAE Gray Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb Juniperus foetidissima Willd Juniperus oxycedrus L. CYPERACEAE Juss. Carex divulsa Stokes Scirpoides holoschoenus (L.) Soják DATISCACEAE Dumort. Datisca cannabina L. ELAEAGNACEAE Juss Elaeagnus angustifolia L EQUISETACEAE Michx. ex DC. Equisetum arvense L Equisetum giganteum L EUPHORBIACEAE Juss. Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karaçavuş and Boydaş B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Ağaçpınar and Çambulak B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Aşağıtorunoba and Ağaçpınar B7 Tunceli, Çemişgezek, between Çemişgezek and Kemaliye, 1 km E of Dedebeyli village B7 Tunceli: Center, between Batman and Atlantı B7 Tunceli: Center, 1.5 km from Geyiksuyu to Atadoğdu B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 47 km from Tunceli to Ovacık, 11 km before Ovacık (Munzur Valley) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Beylermezrası to Aslanyurdu B7 Tunceli: Center, 500 m from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce v Mt. Slopes B7 Tunceli: Center, 18 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and, road of Dilek v B7 Tunceli: Center, S of Dilek v B7 Tunceli: Center, 21 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 3 km from Akpazar to Yenice B7 Tunceli: Center, 5 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Center, 5 km from Tunceli to Wet places Wet places Degraded oak forest, Stream side Dried river bad 5729 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, N of Akdüven v

38 Armağan The explorations on Euphorbia aleppica L. Euphorbia chamaesyce L. Euphorbia cheiradenia Boiss. & Hohen. Euphorbia denticulata Lam. Euphorbia esula L. subsp. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Kuzmanov Euphorbia falcata L. subsp. falcata var. galilaea (Boiss.) Boiss. Euphorbia gaillardotii Boiss. & Balanche Euphorbia herniariifolia Willd. Euphorbia iberica Boiss. Euphorbia macrocarpa Boiss. & Buhse Euphorbia macroclada Boiss. Euphorbia orientalis L. Euphorbia szovitsii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. kharputensis Azn. ex M.S.Khan Euphorbia szovitsii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. szovitsii FABACEAE Lindl. Astragalus cephalotes Banks et Sol. var. brevicalyx Eig 5088 B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Çemişgezek and Elazığ, 3 km NW of Sarıbalta v B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Beylermezrası and Aslanyurdu B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Akdüven to Güleç B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 700 m N of Uzundal v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1 km NE of Buyer Baba Lake B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 1 km S of Beydamı v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 8 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Sarıgül and Kocatepe B7 Tunceli: Center, 2 km from Sarıtaş to Gözen (İksor), Kalan Valley B7 Tunceli: Center, 2 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6.5 km from 4164 Nazımiye to Tunceli, 400 m after Geriş v. junction 3727 B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6.5 km from 4162 Nazımiye to Tunceli, 400 m after Geriş v junction Mt., degraded oak forest B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km from Ortaharman to Sülüntaş, 6222 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, betwen Yeniköy and field side Pınarlar 4659 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi Mt., 5822 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, NE of Buyer Baba Lake rocky 4887 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı areas (Gersunut) v. () 4709 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Hozat and Ovacık, 2 km from Yüceldi to Aşlıca B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between 5087 Çemişgezek and Elazığ, 3 km NW of Sarıbalta v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Nazımiye to Dereova B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye to Tunceli B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Tunceli-Ovacık- Yakatarla junction B7 Tunceli: Pertek, Camikebir nh B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 1 km from Sumek to Pınarlar B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1 km E of Altınhüseyin B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3.2 km from Hozat to Pertek B7 Tunceli: Center, 26 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 11 km from Çukur to Güleç B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Ziyaret v., N of Munzur Gözeleri B7 Tunceli: Center, 7 km from Geyiksuyu to Taşıtlı B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 2 km NE of Akpınar v B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Kopuzlar to Yolkonak * 34

39 Astragalus christianus L Astragalus cicer L Astragalus cretaceus Boiss Astragalus gummifer Labill Astragalus halicacabus Lam Astragalus incertus Ledeb Astragalus lamarckii Boiss Astragalus lineatus Lam Astragalus macrocephalus Willd. subsp. finitimus (Bunge) D.F.Chamb. Astragalus oocephalus Boiss. subsp. stachyophorus Hub.-Mor. & D.F.Chamb. Astragalus pendulus DC Astragalus scabrifolius Boiss Astragalus taochius Woronov 4443 Astragalus tigridis Boiss B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 9 km from Aşağıtorunoba to Çakmaklı B7 Tunceli: Center, 12 km from Aktuluk to Demirkapı B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 2.5 km from Demirkapı to Dervişcemal B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 4.5 km from Pertek to Tunceli, S of Mercimek v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla to Yakatarla B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, the road of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Sarıgül to Yalmanlar B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Sütlüce, 1.8 km from Sütlüce junction B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Kopuzlar to Yolkonak B7 Tunceli: Center, 7 km from Aktuluk to Buğulu B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 32 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 2.5 km from Demirkapı to Dervişcemal B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 7 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Demirkapı and Dervişcemal, 300 m to Buzlupınar junction B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, 700 m after Aktuluk v Field side, Mt * * Degraded oak forest, Astragalus viridis Bunge 4700 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Hozat and Ovacık, around of Yüceldi v Cicer pinnatifidum Jaub. & Spach 4787 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, SE of Közlüce v Colutea cilicica Boiss. & Balansa 3705 B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Pertek, junction of Kopuzlar v Coronilla scorpioides (L.) B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Aktuluk to 6692 W.D.J.Koch Buğulu Cullen jaubertianum (Fenzl) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Elazığ and 4147 C.H.Stirt. Tunceli, 1 km E of Beyler mezrası Ebenus haussknechtii Bornm. ex B7 Tunceli: Center, 2 km from Tunceli Hub.-Mor. Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce * B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 4.5 km from Uzundal to Yüceldi Degraded Euro.- Galega officinalis L. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 5 km from Çukur to oak forest, Sib. Güleç 4383 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, Çakırkaya v Glycyrrhiza glabra L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Field side, Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu Hammatolobium lotoides Fenzl 5166 B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, Tahar valley (Ali Boğazı) Rock 3745 B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Kopuzlar to crevices Yolkonak E.Medit. Hedysarum erythroleucum Boiss B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () Mt. * 6666 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı scree (Gersunut) v. () Hedysarum varium Willd B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Beylermezrası to Aslanyurdu Hippocrepis biflora Spreng B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 5 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek Lathyrus chloranthus Boiss B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce Dried river 3947 B7 Tunceli: Center, 5 km from Tunceli to bad Lathyrus roseus Steven 3844 Lathyrus rotundifolius Willd. subsp. miniatus (M.Bieb. ex Steven) P.H.Davis 4045 B7 Tunceli: Center, 13 km from Aktuluk to Demirkapı B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 44 km from Tunceli to Ovacık, 14 km before Ovacık (Munzur Valley) Degraded oak forest, * * Euxine Hyrc.- Euxine Oak forest Lotus aegeus (Griseb.) Boiss B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km from Kızılcık to

40 Armağan The explorations on Lotus gebelia Vent. var. anthylloides Boiss. Lotus gebelia Vent. var. hirsutissimus (Ledeb.) Dinsm. Medicago fischeriana (Ser.) Trautv Medicago minima (L.) Bartal Medicago noeana Boiss Medicago radiata L Melilotus albus Desr Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr Onobrychis argyrea Boiss Onobrychis cornuta (L.) Desv Onobrychis galegifolia Boiss Onobrychis subacaulis Boiss Ononis spinosa L. subsp. leiosperma (Boiss.) Sirj. Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius (M.Bieb.) Aschers. & Graebn. var. elatius Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius (M.Bieb.) Aschers. & Graebn. var. pumilio Meikle Göktepe B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 12 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, around of Singeç bridge B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 5 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye to Tunceli B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 7 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe B7 Tunceli: Center, 10 km from Aktuluk to Demirkapı B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 12 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, around of Singeç bridge B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 5 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek B7 Tunceli: Center, 2 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 4 km from Ortaharman to Darıkent B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km from Pülümür- Nazımiye-Tunceli crossroads to Nazımiye B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Hasangazi to Kırklar B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 2.5 km from Vişneli to Çemişgezek B7 Tunceli: Center, 18 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 5 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek Rocky areas, * Ruderal, in gardens Ruderal, in gardens Mt Wet places, Wet places in Oak forest Degraded oak forest, Ruderal, Sophora jaubertii Spach 4432 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 16 km from Pülümür to Tunceli (Pülümür valley) Euxine 4788 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, SE of Közlüce v Trifolium elongatum Willd. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Hasangazi * to Kırklar Trifolium pilulare Boiss B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 11 km from Çukur to Güleç Trifolium resupinatum L B7 Tunceli: Hozat, Çemişgezek-Elazığ road, S of Akpınar v Riverside Vicia balansae Boiss B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Işıkvuran v Euxine Vicia cracca L. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye 4179 stenophylla Vel. to Tunceli Vicia noeana Boiss & Reut. ex B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye 4167 Boiss. to Tunceli Vicia peregrina L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu, 4168 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye field side to Tunceli Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. var. segetalis (Thuill.) Ser. ex DC. Vicia sepium L FAGACEAE Dumort. Quercus brantii Lindl. Quercus infectoria Oliv. subsp. veneris (A.Kern.) Meikle 3744 B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 5 km from Çemişgezek to Pertek 5455 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, S of Kurukaymak B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2 km from Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, SW of Güleç v B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, NE of Akdüven v B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km W of Pınar v B7 Tunceli: Center, 5 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Tunceli Field side, Forest Forest Medit. Euro.- Sib. 36

41 Quercus libani Oliv. Quercus macranthera Fisch. & C.A.Mey. subsp. syspirensis (K.Koch) Mentsky Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. subsp. iberica (Steven ex M.Bieb). Krassiln. Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. subsp. pinnatiloba (K. Koch) Menitsky Quercus pubescens Willd. Quercus robur L. subsp. pedunculiflora (K.Koch) Menitsky GENTIANACEAE Juss. Pülümür mainroad to Alacık v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 2 km W of Bulgurtepe v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Koçpınar and Biçmekaya B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Koçpınar and Çalıözü B7 Tunceli, Center, 10 km from Aktuluk to Demirkapı B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, SW of Güleç v B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, N of Akdüven v B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, NE of Akdüven v B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km W of Babaocağı v B7 Tunceli: Center, Pınar v B7 Tunceli: Center, W of Taşıtlı v B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Tunceli- Pülümür mainroad to Alacık v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 400 m from Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v Forest 5315 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye to Tunceli B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, E of Ramazanköy v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 2.5 km from Tunceli- Ovacık-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla B7 Tunceli: Center, 1.5 km from Geyiksuyu to Atadoğdu B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, E of Altınhüseyin v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Erzincan- Pülümür-Süleymanuşağı to Süleymanyuşağı B7 Tunceli: Center, E of Çıralı v Forest * 5396 B7 Tunceli, Center, 10 km from Aktuluk to Demirkapı 5461 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Beşelma and Uzundal B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, E of Ramazanköy v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 2.5 km from Tunceli- Ovacık-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla B7 Tunceli: Center, Alacık road B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3.5 km from Bardakçı to Derindere B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Pülümür and Yedisu, 2.5 km after Derindere v B7 Tunceli: Hozat, S of Kurukaymak B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Erzincan- Pülümür-Süleymanuşağı to Süleymanyuşağı B7 Tunceli: Center, 3 km from Gökçek to Çıralı B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Mollaaliler v. (Mercan Valley) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Tunceli-Ovacık- Yakatarla junction B7 Tunceli: Center, Alacık road B7 Tunceli: Center, 15 km from Tunceli Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Çıralı v. ( km before Çıralı v.) 6034 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km W of Altınhüseyin B7 Tunceli: Hozat, N of Boydaş v. (Tahar Valley) Centaurium erythraea Rafn B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km S of Holik v subsp. turcicum (Velen.) 5913 Melderis B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 300 m from Bardakçı- Derindere-Kırdım crossroads to Kırdım v Gentiana gelida M.Bieb B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Yalmanlar and Kocatepe, NW of Sarıgül v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6.5 km from Gentiana olivieri Griseb Nazımiye to Tunceli, 400 m after Geriş v junction Forest Forest * Forest Forest, wet places Mt. pastures Damp places Euxine (Mt.) 37

42 Armağan The explorations on 4975 Gentiana septemfida Pallas 5935 GERANIACEAE Juss. B7 Tunceli: Center, 2 km from Sarıtaş to Gözen (İksor), Kalan Valley B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Işıkvuran to Eskigedik Damp places Hyrc.- Euxine (Mt.) Erodium ciconium (L.) L'Hér B7 Tunceli: Center, Alibaba nh B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Erodium cicutarium (L.) L Hér. B7 Tunceli: Center, 9 km from Tunceli to Cosmp Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) 4951 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., Rocky Geranium pyrenaicum Burm.f B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, Kocatepe v areas, 4862 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Kırklar to Kızılmescit 4963 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., Geranium rotundifolium L Rocky B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 18 km from Ovacık areas, Tunceli-Işıkvuran crossroads to Işıkvuran B7 Tunceli: Center, 3 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Sarıtaş to Gözen (İksor), Kalan Valley Geranium tuberosum L B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 2 km from 5199 Pelargonium endlicherianum Dedebeyli to Akçayurt Fenzl B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 4 km from Eğripınar to 5658 Yenikonak Scree HYDROCHARITACEAE Juss. Najas marina L. subsp. intermedia (Wolfg. ex Gorski) Casper JUGLANDACEAE DC. ex Perleb Juglans regia L JUNCACEAE Juss. Juncus alpigenus K.Koch Juncus articulatus L JUNCAGINACEAE Juss. Triglochin palustris L LAMIACEAE Martinov Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. subsp. chia (Schreb.) Arcang. Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. subsp. euphratica P.H.Davis Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. subsp. laevigata (Banks & Sol.) P.H.Davis Ballota nigra L. subsp. kurdica P.H.Davis Clinopodium graveolens (M.Bieb.) Kuntze subsp. graveolens (It is mantioned as Acinos rotundifolius Pers. in flora of Turkey) B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge B7 Tunceli: Center, 17 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Eskigedik to Işıkvuran B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Bardakçı to Derindere B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Bardakçı to Derindere In the lake water Riverside, in gardens Damp places Damp places Wet meadows 4478 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 2 km NE of Akpınar v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, SW of Gözeler v B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, Tahar valley (Ali Boğazı) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 13 km from Işıkvuran to Ağaçpınar B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Yazıören and Gözeler B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 31 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km S of Holik v Clinopodium vulgare L B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, E slopes of Hılbeşen bridge, across of Ağlayan Kayalar Rock crevices * Rock crevices 38

43 3736 B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Pertek, junction of Tozkoparan v. Lallemantia iberica (M.Bieb.) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 51 km from Tunceli to Fisch. & C.A.Mey , 7 km to Ovacık 4425 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 9 km from Pülümür to Tunceli (Pülümür valley), S of Kangallı v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., Lallemantia peltata (L.) Fisch. & B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km from Çakırkaya 4398 C.A.Mey. and Dereboyu B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.5 km from Kocatepe to Sarıgül, near to Sarıgül junction B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Lamium album L. subsp. crinitum Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi (Montbret & Aucher ex Benth.) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Yoncalı to Mennema Ağaçpınar Euxine Lamium amplexicaule L. B7 Tunceli: Center, 7 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 43 km from Tunceli to Pülümür In shadow Lamium garganicum L. subsp. of rocks, striatum (Sm.) Hayek B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Yoncalı to rocky Ağaçpınar areas 4766 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce Lamium macrodon Boiss. & Huet 6376 B7 Tunceli: Center, S of Pah bridge, Karakoç-Atlantı junction Lamium multifidum L B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 45 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) Lamium tomentosum Willd B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Sarıgül to Rocky Yalmanlar, the walk way of Buyer Baba areas sanctuary Lycopus europaeus L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, S of Dedebağ v Riverside Marrubium anisodon K.Koch B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Sütlüce, 1.8 km from Sütlüce junction 4669 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi Marrubium astracanicum Jacq. Marrubium parviflorum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. subsp. oligodon (Boiss.) Seybold B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Kırklar to Kızılmescit B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 8 km from Pertek to Tunceli * Melissa officinalis L B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Anıl and Gözlüçayır villages (Tahar Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 26 km from Tunceli to Euxine Mentha longifolia (L.) L. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1.5 km from Turnadere 5998 typhoides (Briq.) Harley to Közlüce Riverside Micromeria cremnophila Boiss. B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, Tahar valley (Ali Rock & Heldr. subsp. anatolica P. H Boğazı) crevices Davis * B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 800 m from Micromeria cristata (Hampe) Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. Rock Griseb. subsp. orientalis P.H. crevices Davis * 4566 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 4 km from Ortaharman to Darıkent Moluccella laevis L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Field side, Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu 6262 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Kepektaşı and Kuşcu Nepeta betonicifolia C.A.Mey B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km E of Kırklar v B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Nepeta italica L. Beylermezrası to Aslanyurdu Medit B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, W of Ziyaret v

44 Armağan The explorations on 3933 B7 Tunceli: Center, 2.5 km from Tunceli to Nepeta leptantha Boiss. & B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 800 m NE of Buyer 5833 Hausskn. Baba Lake Mt. * Nepeta nuda L. subsp. albiflora 4748 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 3 km S of Ovacık (Boiss.) Gams 6088 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.3 km E of Kırklar v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Tunceli-Ovacık- Yakatarla junction B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km N of Dağyolu v Nepeta teucriifolia Willd B8 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6 km from Sarıyayla to Çalıkağıl B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, SE of Altınhüseyin B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Pülümür and Yedisu, 9 km after Derindere v Nepeta trichocalyx Greuter & B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 10 km NE of 5988 Burdet Büyükyurt (Hakis) v * 3990 B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and, road of Dilek v Origanum acutidens (Hand.- B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Tunceli Mazz.) Ietsw. Pülümür-Nazımiye crossroads to Nazımiye * 5762 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 45 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür valley) Origanum vulgare L. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Anıl and Dried river gracile (K.Koch) Ietsw. Gözlüçayır villages (Tahar Valley) bad Phlomis armeniaca Willd B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Nazımiye to Dereova B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 4 km from Vişneli to Arpaderen B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, W of Bozağaç village B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu Phlomis kurdica Rech.f B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 5.5 km from Kale to Doludizgin B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 1 km NE of Akdemir v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Çemişgezek and Elazığ, 10 km from Bulgurtepe to Payamdüzü B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 17 km from Pertek to Tunceli Phlomis oppositiflora Boiss. & B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Anıl and 5161 Hausskn Gözlüçayır villages (Tahar Valley) * B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Akpazar, S of Yenice v Phlomis pungens Willd. var. hirta (N of Şevki mezrası) Velen. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Nazımiye 5341 to Dereova Phlomis pungens Willd. var. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Akdüven to 4595 hispida Hub.-Mor. Güleç B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 11 km from Çukur to Güleç Phlomis rigida Labill B7 Tunceli: Center, 1.5 km from Aktuluk to Buğulu B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Nazımiye to Dereova Phlomis tuberosa L B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 3 km S of Ovacık Prunella vulgaris L B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Bardakçı to Wet Euro Derindere meadows Sib. Salvia adenocaulon P.H.Davis 5446 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, N of Boydaş v. (Tahar * Valley) Medit. Salvia aethiopis L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 6 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe Salvia brachyantha (Bordz.) Pobed B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km E of Işıkvuran v Salvia caespitosa Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. Salvia candidissima Vahl subsp. candidissima B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 12 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () B7 Tunceli: Center, 10 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 3 km from Arpaderen to Büyükörünce Mt. * 40

45 Salvia candidissima Vahl subsp. occidentalis Hedge Salvia cerino-pruinosa Rech.f. Salvia euphratica Montbret & Aucher. var. leiocalycina (Rech.f.) Hedge 5215 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 800 m from Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, E of Ramazanköy v B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Beylermezrası to Aslanyurdu B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, junction of Kızılcık v. * B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Tunceli 7512 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 5.5. km from Kızılcık to Karayusuf Salvia frigida Boiss Mt., degraded B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1-2 km E of Bağırpaşa oak forest Mt., 2 km N of Şampaşakaraderbent v. Salvia limbata C.A.Mey B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 4 km from Eskigedik to Işıkvuran Salvia macrochlamys Boiss. & B7 Tunceli: Center, 8 km from Tunceli to 5694 Kotschy Ovacık (Munzur valley) Salvia microstegia Boiss. & B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Derindere and 5473 Balansa Bardakçı B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, 700 m after Aktuluk v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 13 km from Işıkvuran to Ağaçpınar B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., Degraded Salvia multicaulis Vahl oak forest, B7 Tunceli: Center, Alibaba nh B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km from Ortaharman to Sülüntaş B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 3 km from Elazığ-Pertek- Salvia palaestina Benth Çemişgezek crossroads to Çemişgezek (1 km S of Çorovan v.) Salvia recognita Fisch. C.A.Mey B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 14 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2 km after Singeç bridge, on the right hills B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Akdüven to Güleç B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, E slopes of Hılbeşen bridge, across of Ağlayan Kayalar * * 6479 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 45 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) Salvia russellii Benth B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 3.5 km from Ortaharman to Kayacı Salvia sclarea L. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Beylermezrası to Aslanyurdu 3930 B7 Tunceli: Center, Alibaba nh scree B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 30 km from Tunceli to Salvia staminea Montbret & B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1.8 km from Hiver to 6498 Aucher ex Benth. Dağyolu (Pülümür Mt.) Salvia syriaca L. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Field side, Kovancılar, around of Kuşcu 3741 B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk Salvia tomentosa Mill B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Boydaş and Karaçavuş Medit. Salvia trichoclada Benth B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Pertek, junction of Kopuzlar v B7 Tunceli: 10 km from Pülümür - Erzincan mainroad to Süleymanuşağı village B7 Tunceli: Hozat, N of Boydaş v. (Tahar Valley) Salvia verticillata L. subsp., B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 800 m from amasiaca (Freyn & Bornm.) damp Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. Bornm. places B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Yarımkaya and Şahverdi 5756 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 45 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür valley) Salvia virgata Jacq B7 Tunceli: 10 km from Pülümür - Erzincan

46 Armağan The explorations on Satureja hortensis L. Scutellaria albida L. subsp. condensata (Rech.f.) J.R.Edm. Scutellaria albida L. subsp. velenovskyi (Rech.f.) Greuter & Burdet mainroad to Süleymanuşağı village 5740 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 3 km from Akdüven to Güleç B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Sarıyayla v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Sarıyayla v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km W of Ağaşenliği B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Nazımiye crossroads to Nazımiye B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 2 km from Tunceli Ovacık-Aşağıtorunoba crossroads to Aşağıtorunoba 6217 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 34 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Tunceli-Ovacık- Yakatarla junction B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 2 km W of Bulgurtepe v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3.5 km from Pülümür to Çobanyıldızı v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, SE of Altınhüseyin B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 5 km from Çukur to Güleç Scutellaria megalaspis Rech.f Scutellaria orientalis L. subsp. bicolor (Hochst.) J.R.Edm. Scutellaria orientalis L. subsp. haussknechtii (Boiss.) J.R.Edm. Scutellaria orientalis L. subsp. orientalis Scutellaria orientalis L. subsp. virens (Boiss. & Kotschy) J.R.Edm. Scutellaria salviifolia Benth. Stachys balansae Boiss. & Kotschy Stachys burgsdorffioides (Benth.) Boiss. Stachys cretica L. subsp. anatolica Rech.f. Stachys iberica M.Bieb. subsp. stenostachya (Boiss.) Rech.f. Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl Stachys melampyroides Hand.- Mazz. Stachys saturejoides Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. Stachys setifera C.A.Mey. subsp. lycia (Gand.) R.Bhattacharjee Stachys spectabilis Choisy ex DC. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Hozat and Ovacık, around of Yüceldi v. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 800 m from Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, Camikebir nh Ruderal,, ruderal E.Medit Rocky slopes * 4517 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v B7 Tunceli: Center, Alibaba nh B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 12 km from Pertek to , Çemişgezek, around of Singeç bridge rocky B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Kopuzlar to areas Yolkonak * 3753 B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Kopuzlar to Yolkonak B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Gözeler and Yazıören, 1 km S of Mollaaliler v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Nazımiye crossroads to Nazımiye B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, 700 m after Aktuluk v. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6.5 km from Nazımiye to Tunceli, 400 m after Geriş v. junction B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., B7 Tunceli: Center, 29 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley), 650 m NW of Kutudere bridge B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 9.5 km from Kocatepe to Yalmanlar (the walk way of Buyer Baba sanctuary) B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Nazımiye to Dereova B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6.5 km from Nazımiye to Tunceli, 400 m after Geriş v. junction B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 41 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3.5 km from Demirkapı to Dervişcemal * E.Medit * B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, Camikebir nh B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to * Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karaçavuş and Boydaş 42

47 5616 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km S of Holik v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Hasangazi to Kırklar B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.6 km E of Kırklar v B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 1 km from Demirkapı to Dervişcemal B7 Tunceli: Center, 12 km from Aktuluk to Demirkapı Stachys tundjeliensis Kit Tan & 5619 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km S of Holik v Sorger B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Gözeler and Yazıören, 1 km S of Mollaaliler v. * 4037 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 41 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 800 m from Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. Rock Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Nazımiye crevices, sinuatum (Celak.) Rech.f. to Dereova Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Center, 2 km from Sarıtaş to 4977 tauricola Rech.f. Gözen (İksor), Kalan Valley Medit. Teucrium leucophyllum Montbret B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 2 km from 5201 & Aucher ex Benth. Dedebeyli to Akçayurt Scree * 4125 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Akpazar, S of Yenice v. (N of Şevki mezrası) B7 Tunceli: Center, Alibaba nh B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 9 km from Pülümür to Tunceli (Pülümür valley), S of Kangallı v. Teucrium multicaule Montbret & B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 9 km from Pülümür to Aucher ex Benth Tunceli (Pülümür valley), S of Kangallı v B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Kopuzlar to Yolkonak B7 Tunceli: Center, 15 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to 5027 Teucrium orientale L. var. Yenikonak glabrescens Hausskn. ex Bornm. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 7 km from Pülümür to 6104 Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık Teucrium orientale L. var. Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v. orientale B7 Tunceli: Center, 500 m from Tunceli Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce v. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 16 km from Hozat to 6205 Teucrium orientale L. var. Ovacık puberulens Ekim B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to 5018 Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Teucrium parviflorum Schreber B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 7 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe Teucrium polium L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Thymus convolutus Klokov 4901 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () * Thymus fallax Fisch. & C.A.Mey B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km S of Derindere B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 3 km from Vişneli to Çemişgezek Thymus haussknechtii Velen B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Anıl and, on Gözlüçayır villages (Tahar Valley) rocks * 3911 B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 12 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, around of Singeç bridge B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 800 m from Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık Hohen. Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce Thymus leucotrichus Hal B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) Thymus sipyleus Boiss B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 5.5. km from Kızılcık to Karayusuf Ziziphora capitata L B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, 700 m after Aktuluk v B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, 700 m after Aktuluk v

48 Armağan The explorations on Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. LINACEAE DC. ex Perleb 4573 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km S of Geçitveren v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Beydamı and Yolkanak B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 4 km from Çemişgezek to Gedikler B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2 km from Nazımiye to Dereova Linum catharticum L B7 Tunceli: 10 km from Pülümür - Erzincan mainroad to Süleymanuşağı village Damp 5516 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Bardakçı to places Derindere Linum meletonis Hand.-Mazz Mt B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and, road of Dilek v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Işıkvuran to Ağaçpınar B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 12 km from Işıkvuran to 4936 Linum mucronatum Bertol. subsp. Eskigedik armenum (Bordz.) P.H.Davis B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 8 km NW of Ardıçlı 4903 (Gersunut) v B7 Tunceli: Center, 2 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce B7 Tunceli: Center, 3 km from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 2.6 km from Çemişgezek to Gedikler B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 4.5 km from Pertek to Tunceli, S of Mercimek v. Linum mucronatum Bertol. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Kopuzlar to mucronatum Yolkonak 4636 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 4 km from Hozat to Uzundal B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 7 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe Linum obtusatum (Boiss.) Stapf B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Sarıgül to Yalmanlar Linum tenuifolium L B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Bardakçı and Derindere,300 m from Kırdım junction to Kırdım v Linum unguiculatum P.H.Davis 4126 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Akpazar, S of Yenice v. * (N of Şevki mezrası) LORANTHACEAE Juss. Loranthus europaeus Jacq B7 Tunceli: Center, S of Dilek v On Oaks MORACEAE Gaudich. Ficus carica L. subsp. rupestris (Hausskn.) Browcz B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 400 m from Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 12 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, around of Singeç bridge Stream side, oak forest Morus alba L. Obs. B7 Tunceli: Center, Gözen (İksor) v OLEACEAE Hoffmanns. & Link Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl subsp. syriaca (Boiss.) Yalt. ONAGRACEAE Juss. Epilobium anatolicum Hausskn. Epilobium hirsutum L B7 Tunceli: Center, 26 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karaçavuş and Boydaş B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, W of Ziyaret v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Bardakçı to Derindere B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1.5 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Boydaş and Karaçavuş B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, E of Akyünlü v B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, W of Yenice v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Sarıyayla v Field side, degraded oak forest Stream side Riverside, damp places Riverside, damp places 44

49 Epilobium lanceolatum Sebast. & Mauri Epilobium minutiflorum Hausskn. 4480a Epilobium palustre L Epilobium stevenii Boiss OROBANCHACEAE Vent. Bornmuellerantha aucheri (Boiss.) Rothm. Bungea trifida (Vahl) C.A.Mey. Euphrasia pectinata Ten. Melampyrum arvense L. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Hasangazi to Kırklar B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, E slopes of Hılbeşen bridge, across of Ağlayan Kayalar B7 Tunceli: Hozat, Çemişgezek-Elazığ road, S of Akpınar v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Bardakçı and Üçdam Riverside, damp places Riverside, damp places Riverside, damp places B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 9 km from Demirkapı to Dervişcemal B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Nazımiye to Dereova B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Akpazar, S of Yenice v. (N of Şevki mezrası) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.5 km from Kocatepe to Sarıgül, near to Sarıgül junction B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 2 km from Eskigedik to Işıkvuran Damp Euro B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Yalmanlar places Sib and Kocatepe, NW of Sarıgül v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, Kocatepe v Damp 3949 places, Euro.- B7 Tunceli: Center, 5 km from Tunceli to dried river Sib. bad Odontites vulgaris Moench 6138 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, S of Dedebağ v Orobanche kurdica Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss Orobanche pubescens d'urv Orobanche sintenisii Beck ex Bornm. B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and, road of Dilek v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., Riverside, damp places Euro.- Sib Medit B7 Tunceli: Pertek, Camikebir nh Parentucellia latifolia (L.) Caruel 5444 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, N of Boydaş v. (Tahar Valley) Medit. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 48 km from Tunceli to 4057 Ovacık, 10 km before Ovacık (Munzur Pedicularis comosa L. var. Wet Valley) acmodonta (Boiss.) Boiss. meadows 4370 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, Kocatepe v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, E of Kırklar v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı Pedicularis comosa L. var. (Gersunut) v. () Rocky sibthorpii (Boiss.) Boiss. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı areas (Gersunut) v. () B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı Limestone Pedicularis munzurdaghensis (Gersunut) v. () rocks Armağan B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı crevices (Gersunut) v. () * B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Çığırlı and 4626 Phelipanche arenaria (Borkh.) Dervişcemal, junction of Buzlupınar Pomel (syn: O. arenaria Borkh.) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Dereboyu and 4415 Sağlamtaş Phelypaea coccinea (M.Bieb.) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Çakırkaya On Salvia Poir. and Dereboyu sp. Rhinanthus angustifolius B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Hasangazi Damp C.C.Gmel. subsp. grandiflorus to Kırklar places (Wallr.) D.A.Webb Rhynchocorys elephas (L.) Griseb. Rhynchocorys odontophylla R.B.Burb. & I.Richardson PAEONIACEAE Raf B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, W of Ziyaret v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 8 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. Damp places Euro.- Sib Oak forest * 45

50 Armağan The explorations on Paeonia arietina G.Anderson PAPAVERACEAE Juss. Fumaria asepala Boiss Glaucium cappadocicum Boiss Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Demirkapı and Dervişcemal, 300 m to Buzlupınar junction B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Işıkvuran v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.5 km from Kocatepe to Sarıgül, near to Sarıgül junction Hypecoum procumbens L Hypecoum pseudograndiflorum Petrovic 3792 Papaver armeniacum Lam Papaver bracteatum Lindl Papaver dubium L Papaver macrostomum Boiss. & A.Huet Papaver persicum Lindl. subsp. fulvum Kit Tan & Sorger Papaver persicum Lindl. subsp. persicum Papaver rhoeas L Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC PEDALIACEAE R.Br. Sesamum indicum L PHYLLANTHACEAE Martinov Andrachne telephioides L PINACEAE Spreng. ex F.Rudolphi Pinus sylvestris L. var. hamata Steven PLANTAGINACEAE Juss Anarrhinum orientale Benth Chaenorhinum huber-morathii P.H.Davis B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Sütlüce, 1.8 km from Sütlüce junction B7 Tunceli: 10 km from Pülümür - Erzincan mainroad to Süleymanuşağı village B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 1.5 km W of Sarıbalta v. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Dereboyu and Sağlamtaş B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Çemişgezek and Elazığ, 2 km from Payamdüzü to Akçapınar B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Sütlüce, 1.8 km from Sütlüce junction B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla to Yakatarla B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 47 km from Tunceli to Ovacık, 11 km before Ovacık (Munzur Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 10 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and, road of Dilek v. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1 km from Pülümür- Tunceli-Turnadere crossroads to Turnadere v. B7 Tunceli: Center, 7 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Tunceli and Kovancılar, junction of Kızılcık v. B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and, road of Dilek v. B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Anıl and Gözlüçayır villages (Tahar Valley) B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 3 km from Geçityaka to Dorutay B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Bardakçı and Derindere,300 m from Kırdım junction to Kırdım v. B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Kopuzlar to Yolkonak B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Pertek and Mercimek v. B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 4 km from Pertek to Tunceli , Oak forest Field side, Field side, Field side, * * Cultivate Forest Euro.- Sib Rocky slopes * Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort 6054 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Yukarıoyumca v subsp. integrifolia (Brot.) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 3 km from Akdüven to R.Fernandes Güleç 6491 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1 km from Turnadere to Közlüce Linaria chalepensis (L.) Mill B7 Tunceli: Center, 17 km from Tunceli to Ovacık (Munzur valley) E.Medit B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Sarıtaş to Gözen (İksor), Kalan Valley Linaria corifolia Desf B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Erzincan- * Erzurum-Tunceli crossroads to Pülümür B7 Tunceli: 10 km from Pülümür - Erzincan Linaria kurdica Boiss. & Hohen mainroad to Süleymanuşağı village subsp. araratica (Tzvelev) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 45 km from Tunceli to P.H.Davis Pülümür (Pülümür valley) Linaria kurdica Boiss. & Hohen B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, Dağyolu v

51 subsp. aucheri (Boiss.) P.H.Davis B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 700 m N of Hozat Tunceli-Pertek crossroads Linaria kurdica Boiss. & Hohen B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, N of Akdüven v subsp. kurdica B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 3 km from Dereova to Yayıkağıl Plantago major L B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, S of Ağaşenliği v., Damp between Ağaşenliği and Altınhüseyin places 5617 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km S of Holik v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Eskigedik to Işıkvuran Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 9.5 km from Ovacık to Riverside, subsp. lysimachioides (Boiss.) Tunceli (Munzur Valley) damp M.A.Fisch. ( Veronica 5950 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, W of Ziyaret v places lysimachioides Boiss.) B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Hasangazi to Kırklar 4860 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Kırklar to Kızılmescit B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km S of Holik v Riverside, Veronica anagalloides Guss. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1.5 km from Turnadere damp subsp. heureka M.A.Fisch to Közlüce places Veronica beccabunga L B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Bardakçı to Derindere Riverside Veronica bozakmanii M.A.Fisch B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 20 km from Pülümür to Tunceli (Pülümür valley) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere to Közlüce Veronica macrostachya Vahl subsp. mardinensis (Bornm.) M.A. Fisch. Veronica orientalis Mill. subsp. nimrodi (Richt. ex Stapf) M.A.Fisch. Veronica orientalis Mill. subsp. orientalis Veronica polita Fr PLATANACEAE T.Lestib. Platanus orientalis L. PLUMBAGINACEAE Juss B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye to Tunceli , degraded oak forest * * B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, 700 m after Aktuluk v B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Sütlüce, 1.8 km from Sütlüce junction B7 Tunceli: Center, 16 km from Tunceli-, Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Çıralı v. (9 km degraded before Çıralı v.) oak forest B7 Tunceli: Center, 2.5 km from Tunceli- Ovacık-Dedeağaç crossroads to Dedeağaç v (Munzur Valley) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 7 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe B7 Tunceli: Center, 7 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 7 km from Payamdüzü to Bulgurtepe (Doğan Stream Valley) B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, W of Bozağaç village Riverside Acantholimon calvertii Boiss B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge * Plumbago europaea L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, S of Dedebağ v POACEAE Barnhart Aegilops cylindrica Host Aegilops neglecta Reg. ex Bertol. Aegilops speltoides Tausch var. ligustica (Savign.) Bornm B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Akdüven and Koyunuşağı B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Dorutay and Akdemir B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Dereboyu and Sağlamtaş B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Çemişgezek and Elazığ, 3 km NW of Sarıbalta v Medit Aegilops triuncialis L B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 2 km NE of Akpınar v Aegilops umbellulata Zhuk Alopecurus aucheri Boiss B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye to Tunceli B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 6 km from Işıkvuran to Eskigedik

52 Armağan The explorations on 4535 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Avena barbata Pott ex Link B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Çemişgezek and Medit Elazığ, 6 km from Bulgurtepe to Payamdüzü Briza humilis M.Bieb B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Yazıören and Gözeler Bromus danthoniae Trin. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Dereboyu and Sağlamtaş Bromus intermedius Guss B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, Kocatepe v Bromus japonicus Thunb. subsp. anatolicus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Penzes Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski subsp. crinitum (Schreb.) Melderis 4446 B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Demirkapı and Dervişcemal, 300 m to Buzlupınar junction Bromus scoparius L B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 3 km S of Ovacık Bromus squarrosus L B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Ziyaret v., N of Munzur Gözeleri B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 8 km from Çukur to Güleç Bromus tectorum L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Yazıören and Gözeler Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km from Ortaharman 4555 villosus Regel to Sülüntaş Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Hozat and Euro glomerata Ovacık, around of Yüceldi v. Sib. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.5 km from Kocatepe 4353 Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. to Sarıgül, near to Sarıgül junction hispanica (Roth) Nyman B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Sarıgül to 4368 Yalmanlar Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, N of Kızılmescit v. (S 4870 P.Beauv. of Bağırpaşa Mt.) Eremopoa persica (Trin.) B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 4.5 km from Uzundal to 4695 Roshev. Yüceldi Festuca chalcophaea V.Krecz. & B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 15 km from Ovacık to 4728 Bobrov. Hozat (NE of Halitpınar v.) Heteranthelium piliferum (Banks B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3 km from Dervişcemal 4462 & Sol.) Hochst. to Balkaynar B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 3 km from Cevizlidere to Kozluca, SE of Karataş v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 5 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 15 km from Ovacık Hordeum bulbosum L. Tunceli-Işıkvuran crossroads to Işıkvuran 4396 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km from Çakırkaya and Dereboyu B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, Kocatepe v B7 Tunceli: Center, 5 km from Tunceli to Melica ciliata L B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 9 km from Pülümür to Tunceli (Pülümür valley), S of Kangallı v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., Melica persica Kunth subsp inaequiglumis (Boiss.) Bor 4979 B7 Tunceli: Center, Gözen (İksor) v Phleum pratense L. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Demirkapı and Dervişcemal, 300 m to Buzlupınar junction Euro.- B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Eskigedik to Sib Işıkvuran 6056a B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Yukarıoyumca v Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Hasangazi ex Steud to Kırklar Riverside Poa bulbosa L B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.5 km from Kocatepe to Sarıgül, near to Sarıgül junction Psathyrostachys fragilis (Boiss.) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Işıkvuran to 4922 Nevski subsp. villosa C.Baden Eskigedik Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, Çemişgezek-Elazığ road, 4481 var. ambigua (Guss.) Parl. S of Akpınar v Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 5 km from Payamdüzü to Yemişdere Stipa ehrenbergiana Trin. & B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.5 km from Kocatepe 4354 Rupr. to Sarıgül, near to Sarıgül junction B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3 km from Dervişcemal to Balkaynar B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 3.5 km from Hozat to

53 POLYGALACEAE Hoffmanns. & Link Polygala anatolica Boiss. & Heldr Polygala papilionacea Boiss Polygala pruinosa Boiss. POLYGONACEAE Juss Pertek, junction of Kardelen v. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 8 km from Çukur to Güleç B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Çemişgezek and Elazığ, 6 km from Bulgurtepe to Payamdüzü B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 6 km from Işıkvuran to Eskigedik B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1 km from Çakırkaya and Dereboyu B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) B7 Tunceli: Center, Tunceli - Elazığ road, 700 m after Aktuluk v. B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Anıl and Gözlüçayır villages (Tahar Valley) Mt Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill 5828 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 800 m NE of Buyer Rocky Baba Lake areas Polygonum arenastrum Boreau 5493 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, W of Kırdım v Polygonum aviculare L B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 38 km from Tunceli to Pülümür Polygonum bistorta L B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Kırklar to Euro Wetlands Kızılmescit Sib. Polygonum cognatum Meissn B7 Tunceli: 10 km from Pülümür - Erzincan mainroad to Süleymanuşağı village Polygonum dumetorum L B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 38 km from Tunceli to Pülümür Polygonum lapathifolium L B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge Riverside Polygonum setosum Jacq. subsp. luzuloides (Jaub. & Spach) Leblebici 6044 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 5.5 km from Kale to Doludizgin Polygonum setosum Jacq. subsp B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, N of Akdüven v setosum 5612 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 7 km E of Ayranlı v Rheum ribes L. Obs Rumex nepalensis Spreng B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 4 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v Wetlands Rumex tuberosus L. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2.5 km E of Sarıyayla 5379 horizontalis (K.Koch) Rech.f. v Wetlands POTAMOGETONACEAE Bercht. & J.Presl Potamogeton nodosus Poir. Obs. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, Yukarıoyumca v Potamogeton perfoliatus L PRIMULACEAE Batsch ex Borkh. B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge Wet meadows Wetlands 4539 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6.5 km from Anagallis foemina Mill Nazımiye to Tunceli, 400 m after Geriş v. junction Medit B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Çemişgezek and Elazığ, 6 km from Bulgurtepe to Payamdüzü Androsace maxima L B7 Tunceli: Center, Örenönü Nature Park (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () Androsace villosa L B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı Rocky Euro (Gersunut) v. () slopes Sib B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) Lysimachia verticillaris Spreng. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 13 km from Ovacık to Hozat, 900 m after junction of Bilgeç v. Hyrc.- Wetlands B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Hasangazi Euxine to Kırklar B7 Tunceli: 10 km from Pülümür - Erzincan Lysimachia vulgaris L. mainroad to Süleymanuşağı village Wetlands 5496 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, W of Kırdım v Primula auriculata Lam B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Bardakçı to Wet Derindere meadows RANUNCULACEAE Juss. 49

54 Armağan The explorations on Adonis aestivalis L. subsp. parviflora (Fisch. ex DC.) E.A.Busch Adonis cyllenea Boiss., Heldr. & Orph. var. paryadrica Boiss Obs. Adonis eriocalycina Boiss Anemone coronaria L B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 9 km from Pülümür to Tunceli (Pülümür valley), S of Kangallı v. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Sarıgül and Kocatepe, Buyer waterfall B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Sütlüce, 1.8 km from Sütlüce junction Mt. Caltha palustris L B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.6 km E of Kırklar v * Mt. Medit. Wet meadows 6064 B7 Tunceli: Center, 4 km from Tunceli center to Babaocağı Clematis orientalis L B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Erzincan- Erzurum-Tunceli crossroads to Pülümür Oak forest 5690 B7 Tunceli: Center, 21 km from Tunceli to Consolida glandulosa (Boiss. & B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Erzincan Huet) Bornm. Erzurum-Tunceli crossroads to Pülümür * Consolida oliveriana (DC.) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 3 km from Akdüven to 5739 Schödinger Güleç B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 2.5 km from Hozat to Consolida scleroclada (Boiss.) Dervişcemal v. Schrödinger var. rigida (Freyn & B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli to Sint.) P.H.Davis Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) Delphinium albiflorum DC B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 30 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Tunceli-Ovacık- Yakatarla junction B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 42 km from Tunceli to Delphinium kurdicum Boiss. & 5893 Pülümür (Pülümür Valley), across of Hohen. Ağlayan Kayalar B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Derindere and Kırdım B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 2 km W of Bulgurtepe v Degraded Delphinium peregrinum L. B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 9 km from Pertek to oak forest, Medit Çemişgezek, 2.5 km before Singeç bridge Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb Wet 6405 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km E of Ovacık meadows center Nigella arvensis L. var. glauca B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 12 km from Pertek to 3902 Boiss. Çemişgezek, around of Singeç bridge Nigella latisecta P.H.Davis 3751 B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Kopuzlar to Yolkonak Nigella nigellastrum (L.) Willk B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Nigella oxypetala Boiss B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, between Güneşdere and Kızılcık Pulsatilla violacea Rupr. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km from Sarıgül to 6675 armena (Boiss.) Luferov Yalmanlar Ranunculus arvensis L B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km S of Aktuluk Ranunculus fenzlii Boiss B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Ovacık to Hozat, in junction of Kuşluca v * Ranunculus munzurensis S.Erik B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Yoncalı to 6540 & Yıld. Ağaçpınar On rocks * Ranunculus repens L B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Pertek, junction of Kopuzlar v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, Kocatepe v Rock Thalictrum isopyroides C.A.Mey. B7 Tunceli: Center, 4 km from Sarıtaş to crevices, Gözen (İksor), Kalan Valley RHAMNACEAE Juss. Paliurus spina-christi P.Mill. ROSACEAE Juss B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, 2 km from Bulgurtepe to Payamdüzü B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Pertek, junction of Kopuzlar v , in gardens Agrimonia repens L B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 2 km N of Yenikonak v Wet meadows Alchemilla holocycla Rothm B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2 km E of Sarıyayla v Wet meadows Amelanchier ovalis Medik B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı Rocky (Gersunut) v. () slopes Amygdalus communis L B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 8 km from Pertek to, in Tunceli gardens * 50

55 Amygdalus trichamygdalus B7 Tunceli: Pertek, 12 km from Pertek to 3910 (Hand.-Mazz.) Woronow Çemişgezek, around of Singeç bridge Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Mill. B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tüllük and , Dedeağaç, N of Tüllük dried river bad Cerasus microcarpa (C.A.Mey.) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1.5 km from Turnadere Stream Boiss. to Közlüce side B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 400 m from Cotoneaster nummularius Fisch. Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. Riverside, & C.A.Mey. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 400 m from forest Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. Crataegus monogyna Jacq B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 31 km from Tunceli to Pülümür B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Gülbahçe and Dedebeyli B7 Tunceli: Pertek, Camikebir nh Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Hasangazi M.Bieb. subsp. orientalis to Balpayam 5548 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Pülümür and Yedisu, 10 km after Derindere v Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex 6139 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, S of Dedebağ v Riverside, M.Bieb. subsp. szovitsii (Pojark.) B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2.5 km E of Sarıyayla K.I.Chr. v. Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km S of Holik v Wet Euro.- meadows Sib. Geum heterocarpum Boiss B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 7 km from Yoncalı to Rocky Ağaçpınar areas Geum rivale L B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4 km from Kırklar to Damp Kızılmescit places Geum urbanum L B7 Tunceli: Center, 2.5 km from Tunceli- Damp Euro.- Ovacık-Dedeağaç crossroads to Dedeağaç v places Sib. (Munzur Valley) 6026 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, S of Ağaşenliği v., Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. subsp. orientalis (Uglitzk.) Browicz between Ağaşenliği and Altınhüseyin B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, E of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Bardakçı to Derindere Potentilla argentea L B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km S of Holik v Rock crevices Potentilla inclinata Vill B7 Tunceli: 10 km from Pülümür - Erzincan mainroad to Süleymanuşağı village Potentilla recta L B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1-2 km E of Bağırpaşa Mt., 2 km N of Şampaşakaraderbent v B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to Potentilla reptans L. Yenikonak 6085 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, SE of Kırklar v Potentilla speciosa Willd B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 8 km from Sarıgül to Yalmanlar, the walk way of Buyer Baba sanctuary B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 18 km from Hozat to Ovacık Prunus divaricata Ledeb B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v Oak forest 6035 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km W of Altınhüseyin Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pall. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Közlüce and 6007 elaeagnifolia Hacılı Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pall. subsp. B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, S of Ağaşenliği v., 6025 kotschyana (Boiss.) Browicz between Ağaşenliği and Altınhüseyin B7 Tunceli: Center, S of Babaocağı v B7 Tunceli: Center, 6 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) Rosa canina L B7 Tunceli: Pertek, between Pirinçci and Karagüney, in 6098 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 3 km from Pülümür to gardens Hiver 5499 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, W of Kırdım v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Erzincan- Pülümür-Süleymanuşağı to Süleymanyuşağı Rosa mollis Sm B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, SW of Kırdım v Rosa orientalis A.Dupont ex DC Rosa pulverulenta M.Bieb B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Eğimli and

56 Armağan The explorations on Rosa vanheuckeriana Crép Rubus caesius L. Obs. Kocatepe B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Gülbahçe and Dedebeyli Rubus canescens DC B7 Tunceli: Center, S of Çimenli village Rubus sanctus Shreb Sanguisorba minor L. subsp. lasiocarpa (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Nordborg Sanguisorba minor L. subsp. minor Sorbus umbellata Fritsch RUBIACEAE Juss Asperula affinis Boiss. & A.Huet 4834 Asperula arvensis L Asperula glomerata (M.Bieb.) Griseb. subsp. condensata (Ehrend.) Ehrend. var. condensata Asperula glomerata (M.Bieb.) Griseb. subsp. condensata (Ehrend.) Ehrend. var. filiformis Bornm. Asperula glomerata (M.Bieb.) Griseb. subsp. glomerata Asperula involucrata Wahlenb. Asperula stricta Boiss. subsp. latibracteata (Boiss.) Ehrend Callipeltis cucullaris (L.) Steven 4411 B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 7 km from Kızılcık to Göktepe B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Erzincan- Pülümür-Süleymanuşağı to Süleymanyuşağı B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) B7 Tunceli: Center, 1 km from Tunceli- Ovacık-Dedeağaç crossroads to Dedeağaç v. (Munzur Valley) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4.5 km from Akdik to Kovuklu B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1.5 km from Ovacık- Tunceli-Yakatarla crossroads to Yakatarla v. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, between Yazıören and Gözeler Field side, Euro.- Sib Riverside , Oak forest Mt Euxine 5606 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 6 km E of Ayranlı v * B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Dereboyu and Sağlamtaş Crucianella exasperata Fisch. & C.A.Mey B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km W of Kayacı v Crucianella gilanica Trin. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km NE of 5863 kotschyi (Ehrend.) Ehrend. Büyükyurt (Hakis) v Cruciata taurica (Pall. ex Willd.) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Dereboyu and 4406 Ehrend. Sağlamtaş Galium incanum Sm. subsp. B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and 4655 elatius (Boiss.) Ehrend. Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi Galium megalanthum Boiss B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Turnadere Rocky to Közlüce slopes B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 5 km from Çukur to Galium mite Boiss. & Hohen. Güleç 4789 B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, SE of Közlüce v Galium paschale Forssk B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 8 km NE of E.Medit Oak forest Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. (Mt.) Galium radulifolium Ehrend. & B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 15 km from Ovacık to 4727 Schönb.-Tem. Hozat (NE of Halitpınar v.) * Galium runcinatum Ehrend. & B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, N of Eskigedik v., Rocky Schönb.-Tem. areas * Galium shinasii Yıldırım 5155 B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, E of Anıl village (Tahar Valley) Rock * 5238 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 800 m from crevices Aşağırabat bridge to Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. Galium verum L. subsp. glabrescens Ehrend. Galium verum L. subsp. verum 5447 SALICACEAE Mirb. Populus nigra L. subsp. caudina (Ten.) Bugala 5556 B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km S of Derindere B7 Tunceli: Hozat, N of Boydaş v. (Tahar Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 5 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) , dried river bad Euro.- Sib

57 Populus tremula L Salix acmophylla Boiss Salix bornmuelleri Hausskn Salix pentandroides A.K.Skvortsov SANTALACEAE R.Br. Arceuthobium oxycedri (DC.) M.Bieb. Chrysothesium aureum (Jaub. & Spach) Hendrych 6203 Thesium arvense Horv B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Pülümür and Yedisu, 2.5 km after Derindere v. B7 Tunceli: Center, 14 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Bardakçı to Derindere B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 13 km from Hozat to Ovacık Riverside Damp places Stream side 5206 B7 Tunceli, Çemişgezek, between Çemişgezek and Kemaliye, 1 km E of Dedebeyli village B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Gülbahçe and Dedebeyli B7 Tunceli: Pertek, E of Dere v B7 Tunceli: Center, 15 km from Tunceli Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Çıralı v. ( km before Çıralı v.) 6531 B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 1 km W of Ağaçpınar v B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 500 m N of Balpayam (3-4 km S of Kırklar v.) B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 41 km from Tunceli to Wetlands Euxine Viscum album L B7 Tunceli: Pertek, Dere v SAPINDACEAE Juss. Acer monspessulanum L. subsp. cinerascens (Boiss.) Yalt. Acer monspessulanum L. subsp. ibericum (M. Bieb.) Yalt. Acer platanoides L. Acer tataricum L. SAXIFRAGACEAE Juss. Saxifraga cymbalaria L Saxifraga kotschyi Boiss Saxifraga sibirica L Saxifraga tridactylites L. SCROPHULARIACEAE Juss. Scrophularia catariifolia Boiss. & Heldr. On Juniperus sp. scree Degraded oak forest, On Pyrus sp. * Euro.- Sib. Euro.- Sib B7 Tunceli: Center, 12 km from Tunceli to Riverside 4011 B7 Tunceli: Center, 17 km from Tunceli to Riverside 5883 B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 10 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km NE of Büyükyurt (Hakis) v. Euro.- Oak forest B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, between Pülümür and Sib Yedisu, 2.5 km after Derindere v B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km from Erzincan- Pülümür-Süleymanuşağı to Süleymanyuşağı B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 45 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür valley) Oak forest Sarmat B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2 km N of Elmalı Scrophularia crenophila Boiss Scrophularia libanotica Boiss. subsp. libanotica var. pontica R.R.Mill Scrophularia libanotica Boiss. subsp. libanotica var. urartuensis R.R.Mill Scrophularia luridiflora Fisch. & C.A.Mey Scrophularia rimarum Bornm Scrophularia umbrosa Dumont 5144 Scrophularia xanthoglossa Boiss. var. decipiens (Boiss. & Kotschy) Boiss B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1.5 km from Turnadere to Közlüce B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 800 m NE of Buyer Baba Lake B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 33 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 15 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 11 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. () B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Hozat and Ovacık, 2 km from Yüceldi to Aşlıca B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 6 km from Hozat to Dervişcemal B7 Tunceli: Hozat, between Karacaköy and Uzundal, around of Sarısaltuk Türbesi B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 13 km from Hozat to Ovacık B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 7 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, between Bozağaç and Ulukale villeges, 1 km E of Ulukale B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and, road of Dilek v Wetlands Rock crevices Rocky areas Stream side, damp places Rocky areas Medit. (Mt.) Rock crevices * * Damp soil * B7 Tunceli: Center, between Tunceli and Dried river bad Cosmp. 53

58 Armağan The explorations on Pertek, junction of Kopuzlar v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 5 km from Nazımiye to Tunceli B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 25 km from Tunceli to Pülümür B7 Tunceli: Center, 500 m from Tunceli- Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce v Verbascum krauseanum Murb B7 Tunceli: Center, 17 km from Tunceli- * Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Çıralı v. (8 km slopes before Çıralı v.) 5725 B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, N of Akdüven v Verbascum lasianthum Boiss. ex B7 Tunceli: Center, between Kanoğlu and Benth Burmageçit Verbascum oreophilum K.Koch. B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 2.5 km E of Sarıyayla 5370 var. joannis (Bordz.) Hub.-Mor. v Verbascum sinuatum L. subsp. B7 Tunceli, Center, 10 km from Aktuluk to sinuatum var. adenosepalum 5394 Demirkapı Murb Medit. Verbascum songaricum Schrenk ex Fisch. subsp. subdecurrens Hub.-Mor. Verbascum speciosum Schrad SIMAROUBACEAE DC. Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle SOLANACEAE Juss B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, SE of Kırklar v B7 Tunceli: Hozat, 2 km from Dervişcemal to Hozat B7 Tunceli: between Tunceli - Kovancılar, 1 km after Kızılcık v. * Plantation on roadside Solenanthus circinnatus Ledeb. Solenanthus stamineus (Desf.) Wettst. TAMARICACEAE Link 4063 Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge 6231 THYMELAEACEAE Juss. Daphne oleoides Schreb Diarthron magakjanii (Sosn.) Kit Tan Thymelaea passerina (L.) Coss. & Germ. TYPHACEAE Juss. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 48 km from Tunceli to Ovacık, 10 km before Ovacık (Munzur Val.) B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 2.8 km E of Kırklar v Typha minima Funck 6483 Typha shuttleworthii W.D.J.Koch & Sond. ULMACEAE Mirb Ulmus canescens Melville 6232 Ulmus glabra Huds. URTICACEAE Juss B7 Tunceli: Center, 10 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 5 km from Kocatepe to Çakırkaya B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 7 km NW of Ardıçlı (Gersunut) v. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 3 km from Akdüven to Güleç B8 Tunceli: Pülümür, 1 km from Altınhüseyin to Ağaşenliği B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 14 km from Pülümür to Tunceli (Pülümür valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 5 km from Tunceli to B7 Tunceli: Center, 10 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 16 km from Tunceli to Pülümür (Pülümür Valley) B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, Pülümür Valley, 24 km from Tunceli to Pülümür Riverside On rocks scree Eroded slopes Wetlands Wetlands, riverside Hyoscyamus niger L B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km S of Holik v B7 Tunceli: Center, 500 m from Tunceli- Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. Obs Pülümür-Sütlüce crossroads to Sütlüce v. B7 Tunceli: Pülümür, 4.5 km from Pülümür Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Obs In gardens to Tunceli (Pülümür valley) B7 Tunceli: Center, 4 km from Tunceli center Physalis alkekengi L to Babaocağı Euro.- Sib Riverside E.Medit Urtica dioica L B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km S of Holik v Parietaria judaica L. VERBENACEAE J.St.-Hil. Obs. B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 2 km from Akdüven to Güleç Riverside Damp soil, shadow places Rock crevices Euro.- Sib. 54

59 Verbena officinalis L. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE R.Br. Tribulus terrestris L B7 Tunceli: Mazgirt, 1 km E of Geçitveren v B7 Tunceli: Nazımiye, 1 km from Dereova to Ramazanköy B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, 10 km from Eğripınar to Yenikonak Obs. B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, around of Yemişdere v. Zygophyllum fabago L B7 Tunceli: Çemişgezek, Hamamatik Damp soil Old settlement 4. Discussions The identification of these samples resulted 74 families, 386 genera and 922 taxa. The analysis of the phytogeographic regions shows that Irano-Turanian elements 397 (43.1 %), Mediterranean elements 20 (2.2 %), Europe-Siberian elements 40 (4.3 %), East Mediterranean elements 14 (1.5 %), Euxine element 13 (1.4 %), Hyrcano-Euxine elements 3 (0.3 %), Sarmatian 1 (0.1 %), the cosmopolite or unknown distribution 434 (47.1 %) (Figure 1). The number of endemic taxa is 150 (16.3 %). The families with the most taxa in the research area were Asteraceae (149), Lamiaceae (98), Brassicaceae (82), Caryophyllaceae (82), Fabaceae (56), Apiaceae (49), Rosaceae (35), Poaceae (33), Ranunculaceae (23), and Rubiaceae (20) (Figure 2). As a result of this study, 294 taxa, 46 of which are endemic, were reported as new recored for Flora of Tunceli province, after the literature were checked (Davis, ; Davis et al., 1988; Yıldırımlı, 1995; Güner et al. 2000; Tuzlacı and Doğan, 2010; Doğan and Tuzlacı, 2010; 2015; Yüce Babacan et al. 2017). According to Ekim et al. (2000), Silene surculosa Hub.-Mor. and Teucrium leucophyllum Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. species in the EX category were collected from Tunceli for the first time in this study. Until today, 3 new species have been introduced to the scientific world from Tunceli (Gypsophila munzurensis Armağan, Pedicularis munzurdaghensis Armağan, and Gundelia vitekii Armağan). Consider to the potential of studied area (Tunceli province), we anticipate the total number of taxa will reach to around 2000 with the results of other studies and identification of unidentified samples. In order to become a brand city in the world, many cities take the path of branding by featuring their cultural values and natural sources. On the other hand, studies on conservation of plant gene resources and sustainable use are increasing rapidly. The way of protection is to first identify what exists and to recognize it (Eker et al. 2019). In addition to contributing to the identification and conservation of our biological richness with this study, the data obtained will be a resource for the relevant institutions and organizations working on this subject. Acknowledgments This study is based on field studies as part of Biodiversity Inventory and Monitoring Works on Terrestrial and Inland Water Ecosystems of Tunceli Province" carried out by the Tunceli Office of Turkish Republic of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks. I would like to thank the aforementioned institution, A.H. Gürsönmez and M. Özel. And also, thank Dr. T. Dirmenci, Dr. F. Celep, and Dr. S.M. Pınar for helps Figure 1. The distribution of taxa depending on phytogeographical regions in this study. Figure 2. The distribution of families according to number of taxa. References Armağan M (2018). Petaloid monocotyledonous flora of Tunceli Province (Turkey). Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 46(2): Bizimbitkiler (2013). [accessed 27 February 2020]. 55

60 Armağan The explorations on Davis PH (Ed.) ( ). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan K (Ed.) (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Davis PH (1971). Distribution patterns in Anatolia with particular reference to endemism. In: Davis PH, Harper PC, Hedge IC (Eds.). Plant Life of South-West Asia. The Botanical Society of Edinburgh, pp Doğan A, Tuzlacı E (2010). Wild edible plants of Pertek (Tunceli-Turkey). Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 19: Doğan A, Tuzlacı E (2015). Tunceli nin Bazı Yöresel Bitki Adları. Avrasya Terim Dergisi 3(2): Eker İ, Çelik A, Kaya A, Aydın A (2019). Bolu nun endemik ve nadir bitkileri. Ankara: Dumat Ofset Matbaacılık San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Ekim T, Koyuncu M, Duman H, Aytaç Z, Adıgüzel N (2000). Türkiye bitkileri kırmızı kitabı. Ankara: Türkiye Tabiatını Koruma Derneği and Van Yüzüncü Yıl Universitesi Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC, (Ed.) (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 11. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Gür H (2016). The Anatolian diagonal revisited: Testing the ecological basis of a biogeographic boundary. Zoology in the Middle East 62: IPNI (2020). International plant names index. Published on the Internet; [accessed 27 February 2020]. MGM (2010). TC Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü Resmi İstatistikler. [accessed 16 March 2020]. Öztürk M, Tatlı A, Özçelik H, Behçet L (2015). General characteristics of flora and vegetation formations of Eastern Anatolia Region and its environs (Türkiye). SDU Journal of Science 10 (1): POWO (2019). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [accessed 27 February 2020]. Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July [accessed 15 March 2020] Thiers B (2016). Index herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. Available from: [accessed 27 Feb 2020]. Tuzlacı E, Doğan A (2010). Turkish folk medicinal plants, IX: Ovacık (Tunceli). Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 14: Yıldırımlı Ş (1995). Flora of Munzur Dağları (Erzincan-Tunceli). Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 2(1): Yüce Babacan E, Vitek E, Çakılcıoğlu U (2017). Contributions to the flora of Tunceli (Turkey). International Journal of Nature and Life Sciences (IJNLS) 1(2): WFO (2020). World Flora Online. Published on the Internet; [accessed 27 February 2020]. 56

61 Çağli & Öztürk Macromycetes determined 4(1): (2020) Research article doi: /ajb Macromycetes determined in Muradiye (Van) district Received : Accepted : Online : Gözde ÇAGLİ 1, Avni ÖZTÜRK 2 1 Süphan Quarter, TEIAŞ housing, 65100, Van, Turkey 2 Muratpaşa Quarter, Fatih Gemalmaz housing, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey *gozde 1989@hotmail.com, 2 avniozturk49@gmail.com Muradiye (Van) ilçesinde belirlenen makromantarlar Abstract: The study was based on macrofungi samples collected from the region within the boundaries of Muradiye district of Van province in 2014 and As a result of field and laboratory studies 86 macrofungi species belonging to 50 genera, 25 families, seven orders and three classes within the divisions Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were determined. The determined taxa are listed together with their habitats, substrates, collection locality, geographic coordinates and personel voucher numbers. One of them, Melanophyllum haematospermum (Bull.: Fr.) Kreisel, is a new record for Turkey as the first member of the genus Melanophyllum Velen. Key words: Biodiversity, new record, macrofungi, mycota, Turkey Özet: Çalışma 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında Vanʹın Muradiye ilçe sınırları içinde kalan bölgeden toplanan makromantar örnekleri üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmaları sonucunda Ascomycota ve Basidiomycota bölümleri içinde yer alan üç sınıf, yedi takım, 25 familya ve 50 cinse ait 86 tür belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen taksonlar, habitatları, substratları, toplanma yerleri, coğrafi koordinatları ve toplayıcı numaraları ile birlikte listelenmiştir. Bunlardan bir tanesi, Melanophyllum haematospermum (Bull.: Fr.) Kreisel, Melanophyllum Velen. cinsinin ilk üyesi niteliğinde, Türkiye için yeni kayıttır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyoçeşitlilik, yeni kayıt, makromantar, mikota, Türkiye Citation: Çağli A, Öztürk A (2020). Macromycetes determined in Muradiye (Van) district. 4(1): Introduction Fungi are an important group of organism for nature, and about 1.5 million species of them have been supposed to exist in the world (Hawksworth et al., 1995). Those fungi with fruiting bodies that can be seen by naked eye are known as macrofungi and almost of them were determined in Europe (Lukić, 2008). Starting especially from the first quarter of 20 th century, many studies have also been carried out on the macrofungi of Turkey and almost taxa have been determined (Sesli and Denchev, 2014; Solak et al., 2015). But the macrofungal biodiversity of Turkey hasnʹt completely been determined yet. Muradiye is a district of Van province within Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey and situated between 38 44ʹ ʹ north latitudes and 43 34ʹ ˊ east longitudes. The district is surrounded by Diyadin (Ağrı) district to north, central district of Van to the south, Çaldıran and Özalp districts to the east and Erciş district to the west (Figure 1). Bendimahi and Zincirli streams, and Van lake are the main hydrologic components of the region. According to the data obtained from Muradiye Meteorological Station, the region has an annual average temperature of 9.2 C and a total precipitation of 582 mm. vegetation is the dominant vegetation type in the region. Populus L., Salix L., Quercus L., Malus Mill. and Juglans L. are the major tree population affecting the growth of macrofungi in the region. Though some macrofungal biodiversity studies have been carried out in neighboring districts and provinces (Demirel, 1996; Demirel and Uzun, 1996; Uzun and Demirel, 1996; Demirel et al., 2002, 2003, 2004, 2010, 2015; Kaya, 2000a,b,c,d; Kaya, 2001; Kaya and Demirel, 2000; Akçay et al., 2010; Demirel and Koçak, 2016; Şelem et al., 2019) there isnʹt a complete study on the macrofungi of Muradiye district. The study aims to determine the macrofungi of the district and make a contribution to the mycobiota of Turkey. 2. Materials and Method Macrofungi samples were collected from the region within the boundaries of Muradiye districts of Van province. They were photographed at their natural habitat and descriptive characteristics of them were noted. Then the samples were transferred to the laboratory and microscopic investigations were performed. The samples were identified with the help of the related references (Phillips, 1981; Moser, 1983; Buczacki, 1989; Bresnsky and Besl, 1990; Ellis and Ellis, 1990; Breitenbach and Kränzlin, 1984, 1986, 1991, 1995; 2000; Jordan, 1995; Wasser, 1996, 2000; Peterson et al., 2000; Kränzlin, 2005; Hausknecht, 2009; Amandeep et al., 2015). The samples are kept at the fungarium of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University (VANF). 3. Results The determined taxa are listed in alphabetical order and the systematics follows Index Fungorum (accessed on 5 December 2019). Ascomycota Whittaker Leotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka Helotiales Nannf. Helotiaceae Rehm 1. Hymenoscyphus calyculus (Fr.) W. Phillips Muradiye district centre, on Salix sp. stumps, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 181; Değerbilir 57

62 Çağli & Öztürk Macromycetes determined village, on Populus sp. stump, 39 03ʹ646ʺN, 43 44ʹ799ʺD, 1806 m, , Çağli Pezizomycetes O.E.Erikss. & Winka Pezizales J.Schröt. Helvellaceae Fr. 2. Helvella leucopus Pers. Around Muradiye Waterfall, on soil under Populus sp., 39º03ʹ915ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli Paxina queletii (Bres.) Stangl Değerbilir village, on soil under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ646ʺN, 43 44ʹ799ʺD, 1806 m, , Çağli Morchellaceae Rchb. 4. Morchella elata Fr. Değerbilir village, on soil under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli Verpa bohemica (Krombh.) J. Schröt Muradiye District centre, on soil under Populus sp., 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Verpa conica (O.F. Müll.) Sw. Old Görecek village, on soil Populus sp., 39 04ʹ881ʺN, 43 45ʹ514ʺE, 1813 m, , Çağli Pezizaceae Dumort. 7. Peziza domiciliana Cooke Küçükköy village, on soil under Populus sp ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli Peziza praetervisa Bres Küçükköy village, on burned place under Salix sp., 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli. 82. Pyronemataceae Corda 9. Geopora arenosa (Fuckel) S. Ahmad Muradiye District centre, on soil under Populus sp., 38º59ʹ783ʺN, 43º46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Scutellinia scutellata (L.) Lambotte Muradiye disrtict centre, on Salix and Populus sp. stumps, 38º59ʹ783ʺN, 43º46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 36; Around Muradiye Waterfall, 39º03ʹ913ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli. 95. Basidiomycota R.T.Moore Agaricomycetes Doweld Agaricales Underw. Agaricaceae Chevall. 11. Agaricus arvensis Schaeff. Yumaklı village, on soil among grass under Populus sp., 38º56ʹ565ʺN, 43º45ʹ078ʺE,1639 m , Çağli Agaricus bernardii Quél. Küçükköy village, meadow, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli Agaricus campestris L. Değerbilir village, meadow, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli Agaricus pampeanus Speg. Görecek village, meadow, 39 03ʹ520ʺN, 43 45ʹ517ʺE, 1865 m, , Çağli Bovista plumbea Pers. Kemerköprü village, meadow, 39 01ʹ701ʺN, 43 43ʹ921ʺE, 1822 m, , Çağli Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers. Değerbilir village, meadow, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli Lepiota cristata (Bolton) P. Kumm. Değerbilir village, among leaf litter under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli Lepiota helveola Bres. Değerbilir village, among leaf litter under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, Çağli. 116; Gönderme village, 39 05ʹ152ʺN, 43 49ʹ028ʺE, 1907 m, , Çağli Leucoagaricus leucothites (Vittad.) Wasser Değerbilir village, among grass with needle litter, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli Lycoperdon pratense Pers. Küçükköy village, meadow, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli Figure 1. Map of the research area. 21. Lycoperdon utriforme Bull. Değerbilir village, meadow, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli. 131; Balaklı village, 58

63 38 58ʹ507ʺN, 43 44ʹ083ʺE, 1695 m, , Çağli Macrolepiota excoriata (Schaeff.) Wasser Görecek village, among grass, 39 03ʹ520ʺN, 43 45ʹ517ʺE, 1865 m, , Çağli Melanophyllum haematospermum (Bull.: Fr.) Kreisel Pileus mm in diameter, at first hemispherical to obtuse-conic, then campanulate later convex or applanate, with or without a small umbo; margin incurved when young, decurved to level at maturity, with greyish to greyish-brown veil fragments; surface cottony when young, suede-like to granulose, light to dingy-brown, darker at the center. Lamellae free to deeply adnexed, crowded, pinkishbrown, vinaceous-brown. Stipe mm, cylindrical, straight to somewhat bent, enlarged to bulbous at the base, hollow or with a pith-like core in age, fragile, greyish, covered by reddish-brown to vinaceous-brown remnants of the universal veil (Figure 2a). Basidia µm, clavate to clavate-cylindrical, 4-spored. Spores µm, elliptic, oblong-elliptic to reniform, thin walled, smooth to minutely roughened, olive-brown (Figure 2b). Melanophyllum haematospermum was reported to grow on humus-rich soil under both conifers and decidious trees as solitary or in groups (Wasser, 2000; Bujakiewicz, 2010). Değerbilir village, on soil among leaf litter under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli Bolbitiaceae Singer 24. Conocybe semiglobata Kühner & Watling Küçükköy village, among grass, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli. 46; Yakıncak village, 38 57ʹ107ʺN, 43 46ʹ429ʺE, 1660 m, Çağli Conocybe siennophylla (Berk. & Broome) Singer Muradiye District centre, among leaf litter under Populus sp., 38º59ʹ783ʺN, 43º46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 91; Durukkaş village, 38º57ʹ391ʺN, 43º40ʹ898ʺE, 1670 m, , Çağli Conocybe subovalis Kühner & Watling Değerbilir village, meadow, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli. 16; Ayrancı village, 39 96ʹ929ʺN, 43 51ʹ673ʺE, 1937 m, , Çağli. 68; Küçükköy village, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli Conocybe tenera (Schaeff.) Fayod Küçükköy village, among grass under Populus sp., 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli. 67; Around Muradiye Waterfall, 39º 03ʹ915ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli Conocybe velutipes (Velen.) Hauskn. & Svrček Değerbilir village, among leaf litter under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli. 113 (Çağli et al., 2019). 29. Galeropsis desertorum Velen. & Dvořák Değerbilir village, meadow, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli Cortinariaceae R. Heim ex Pouzar 30. Cortinarius vernus H. Lindstr. & Melot Değerbilir village, among leaf litter under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli. 15; Around Muradiye Waterfall, 39º03ʹ915ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, Çağli. 214; Muradiye District centre, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, Çağli. 223, Gönderme village, 39 05ʹ152ʺN, 43 49ʹ028ʺE, 1907 m, , Çağli Cyphellaceae Lotsy 31. Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar Muradiye District centre, on Salix sp. stump, 38º 59ʹ783ʺN, 43º46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Entolomataceae Kotl. & Pouzar 32. Entoloma ameides (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. Görecek old village, meadow, 39 04ʹ881ʺN, 43 45ʹ514ʺE, 1813 m, , (Çağli et al., 2019). Figure 2. Basidiocarps (a) and basidiospores (b) of Melanophyllum haematospermum (bar: 10 µm). 59

64 Çağli & Öztürk Macromycetes determined Hymenogastraceae Vittad. 33. Hebeloma cavipes Huijsman Muradiye District centre, among leaf litter under Populus sp., 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull.) Quél. Görecek village, among leaf litter under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ520ʺN, 43 45ʹ517ʺE, 1865 m, , Çağli. 136; Muradiye district centre, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, Çağli. 155; Yumaklı village, 38º56ʹ565ʺN, 43º45ʹ078ʺE,1639 m, , Çağli. 164; Yakıncak village, 38 57ʹ107ʺN, 43 46ʹ429ʺE, 1660 m, , Çağli Hebeloma pusillum J.E. Lange Değerbilir village, among leaf litter under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, Şelale dere yanı; 39º 03ʹ913ʺN, 43º 45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli. 141, Psilocybe coronilla (Bull.) Noordel. Çayırlık, Kemerköprü köyü; 39 01ʹ701ʺN, 43 43ʹ921ʺE, 1822 m, , Çağli. 21; Görecek village, 39 03ʹ520ʺN, 43 45ʹ517ʺE, 1865 m, , Çağli. 168; Ayrancı village, 39 06ʹ405ʺK,43 50ʹ567ʺE, 1972 m, Çağli Incertae Sedis 37. Panaeolus papilionaceus (Bull.) Quél. Muradiye district centre, on manured soil, 38º 59ʹ783ʺN, 43º46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 40; Küçükköy village, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli. 176; Gönderme village, 39 05ʹ152ʺN, 43 49ʹ028ʺE, 1907 m, , Çağli Inocybaceae Jülich 38. Inocybe dulcamara (Pers.) P. Kumm Muradiye District centre, among grass under Populus and Salix sp., 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 1; Küçükköy village, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli. 96; Yumaklı village, 38º56ʹ565ʺN, 43º45ʹ078ʺE, 1639 m, , Çağli Inocybe flocculosa Sacc Değerbilir village, among grass under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli. 137; Around Muradiye Waterfall, 39º03ʹ915ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli Inocybe rimosa (Bull.) P. Kumm. Populus sp. altı, Görecek village, among grass, 39 03ʹ520ʺN, 43 45ʹ517ʺE, 1865 m, , Çağli. 76; Muradiye District centre, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, Çağli. 92; Yumaklı village, 38º56ʹ565ʺN, 43º45ʹ078ʺE, 1639 m, , Çağli. 98; Yakıncak village, 38 57ʹ107ʺN, 43 46ʹ429ʺE, 1660 m, Çağli. 99; Keçikıran village, 38 58ʹ252ʺN, 43 38ʹ170ʺE, 1705 m, Çağli. 100; Ünseli village, 38 58ʹ821ʺN, 43 35ʹ283ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli Inocybe splendens R. Heim Populus sp., altı, Şelale yanı; 39º 03ʹ915ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli Marasmiaceae Roze ex Kühner 42. Marasmius oreades (Bolton) Fr. Kemerköprü village, meadow, 39 01ʹ701ʺN, 43 43ʹ921ʺE, 1822 m, , Çağli. 25; Küçükköy village, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, Çağli. 275; Alkasnak village, 39 58ʹ171ʺN, 43 38ʹ317ʺE, 1702 m, , Çağli Mycenaceae Roze 43. Mycena galericulata (Scop.) Gray Değerbilir village, on decaying Quercus sp. stump, 39º03ʹ646ʺN, 43º44ʹ799ʺE, 1806 m, , Çağli. 34; Muradiye District centre, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Mycena niveipes (Murrill) Murrill Muradiye District centre, on decaying stump, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Hemimycena delectabilis (Peck) Singer Around Muradiye Waterfall, on leaf litter under Populus sp., 39º03ʹ915ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli Pleurotaceae Kühner 46. Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél. Around Muradiye Waterfall, on Eryngium sp. remains, 39º03ʹ915ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. Değerbilir village, on Populus and Salix sp. stumps, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli. 11; Muradiye District centre, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 89; Karahan village, 38 56ʹ725ʺN, 43 39ʹ836ʺE, 1645 m, Çağli. 105; Değerbilir village, 39º03ʹ646ʺN, 43º44ʹ799ʺE, 1806 m, , Çağli. 195; Kemerköprü village, 39 01ʹ701ʺN, 43 43ʹ921ʺE, 1822 m, , Çağli Pluteaceae Kotl. & Pouzar 48. Pluteus salicinus (Pers.) P. Kumm. Değerbilir village, on wood remains, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli. 110; Yakıncak village, 38 57ʹ107ʺN, 43 46ʹ429ʺE, 1660 m, , Çağli Volvopluteus gloiocephalus (DC.) Vizzini, Contu & Justo Değerbilir village, among grass, 39º03ʹ646ʺN, 43º44ʹ799ʺE, 1806 m, , Çağli Psathyrellaceae Vilgalys, Moncalvo & Redhead 50. Coprinellus disseminatus (Pers.) J.E. Lange Muradiye District centre, around Salix sp. stump, 38º59ʹ783ʺN, 43º46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 28; Karahan village, 38 56ʹ725ʺN, 43 39ʹ836ʺE, 1645 m , Çağli. 104; Balaklı village, 38 58ʹ507ʺN, 43 44ʹ083ʺE, 1695 m , Çağli Coprinellus micaceus (Bull.) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson Değerbilir village, around Salix sp. stump, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli. 10; Açıkyol village, 38 57ʹ997ʺN, 43 42ʹ0568ʺE, 1673 m , Çağli. 48; Muradiye District centre, 38º59ʹ783ʺN, 60

65 43º46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 102; Küçükköy village, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli. 132; Görecek village, 39 04ʹ881ʺN, 43 45ʹ514ʺE, 1813m, , Çağli. 234; Around Muradiye Waterfall, 39º03ʹ915ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli Coprinopsis atramentaria (Bull.) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo Muradiye District centre, around decaying Populus sp. stump, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 37; Değerbilir village, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli. 151; Around Muradiye Waterfall, 39º03ʹ915ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli Coprinopsis marcescibilis (Britzelm.) Örstadius & E. Larss. Görecek village, among leaf litter, 39 03ʹ520ʺN, 43 45ʹ517ʺE, 1865 m, Çağli. 167; Küçükköy village, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli. 177; Around Muradiye Waterfall, 39º03ʹ915ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli Coprinopsis patouillardii (Quél.) G. Moreno Muradiye District centre, on manured soil, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Parasola plicatilis (Curtis) Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple Küçükköy village, on manured soil among grass, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli Psathyrella bipellis (Quél.) A.H. Sm. Görecek village, among grass under Populus sp., 39 04ʹ881ʺN, 43 45ʹ514ʺE, 1813 m, , Çağli Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.) Maire Muradiye District centre, around Populus sp. stump, 38º59ʹ783ʺN, 43º46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 43; around Muradiye Waterfall, 39º03ʹ915ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli. 119; Değerbilir village, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, Çağli. 123; Yumaklı village, 38º56ʹ565ʺN, 43º45ʹ078ʺE, 1639 m, Çağli. 203; Küçükköy village, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli Psathyrella corrugis (Pers.) Konrad & Maubl. Muradiye District centre, among leaf litter under Populus sp., 38º59ʹ783ʺN, 43º46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Psathyrella microrhiza (Lasch) Konrad & Maubl. Değerbilir village, among leaf litter under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli Psathyrella prona (Fr.) Gillet Populus sp. altı, Merkez; 38º 59ʹ783ʺN, 43º 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Görece eski köy; 39 04ʹ881ʺN, 43 45ʹ514ʺE, 1813 m, Balaklı köyü; 38 58ʹ507ʺN, 43 44ʹ083ʺE, 1695 m, , ÇAĞLİ. 41, 222, Psathyrella pseudogracilis (Romagn.) M.M. Moser Muradiye District centre, on decaying stump, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Psathyrella spadiceogrisea (Schäeff.) Maire Küçükköy village, on decaying stump, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli. 66; Gönderme village, 39 05ʹ152ʺN, 43 49ʹ028ʺE, 1907 m, , Çağli Strophariaceae Singer & A.H. Sm. 63. Agrocybe dura (Bolton) Singer Görecek village, meadow, 39 03ʹ520ʺN, 43 45ʹ517ʺE, 1865 m, , Çağli. 7; Kemerköprü village, 39 01ʹ701ʺN, 43 43ʹ921ʺE, 1822 m, , Çağli. 18; Ünseli village, 38 58ʹ821ʺN, 43 35ʹ283ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli Agrocybe paludosa (J.E. Lange) Kühner & Romagn. ex Bon Muradiye District centre, meadow, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Agrocybe pediades (Fr.) Fayod Kemerköprü village, meadow, 39 01ʹ701ʺN, 43 43ʹ921ʺE, 1822 m, , Çağli. 20; Keçikıran village, 38 58ʹ252ʺN, 43 38ʹ170ʺE, 1705 m ; Çağli. 42; Alkasnak village, 39 58ʹ171ʺN, 43 38ʹ317ʺE, 1702 m , Çağli Agrocybe praecox (Pers.) Fayod Muradiye District centre, among grass, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, Çağli. 44; Küçükköy village, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli. 55; around Muradiye Waterfall, 39º03ʹ915ʺN, 43º45ʹ400ʺE, 1828 m, , Çağli Agrocybe vervacti (Fr.) Singer Kemerköprü village, among leaf litter under Populus sp., 39 01ʹ701ʺN, 43 43ʹ921ʺE, 1822 m, Çağli. 23; Değerbilir village, 39 03ʹ646ʺN, 43 44ʹ799ʺE, 1822 m, , Çağli Cyclocybe cylindracea (DC.) Vizzini & Angelini Muradiye District centre, around Populus sp. stump, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Deconica merdicola (Huijsman) Noordel. Değerbilir village, on manure, 39º03ʹ646ʺN, 43º44ʹ799ʺE, 1806 m, , Çağli Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.) P. Kumm. Muradiye District centre, around Salix sp. stump, 38º59ʹ783ʺN, 43º46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Pholiota aurivella (Batsch) P. Kumm. Küçükköy village, on Salix sp. trunk, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli. 80; Değerbilir village, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli Pholiota conissans (Fr.) M.M. Moser Küçükköy village, among grass around Populus sp. stump, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli Pholiota gummosa (Lasch) Singer Değerbilir village, around Salix sp. stump, 39º03ʹ646ʺN, 43º44ʹ799ʺE, 1806 m, Çağli. 149; Karahan village, 38 56ʹ725ʺN, 43 39ʹ836ʺE, 1645 m, , Çağli

66 Çağli & Öztürk Macromycetes determined Tricholomataceae R. Heim ex Pouzar 74. Melanoleuca exscissa (Fr.) Singer Değerbilir village, among grass, 39º03ʹ646ʺN, 43º44ʹ799ʺE, 1806 m, , Çağli Tricholoma populinum J.E. Lange Görecek village, under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ520ʺN, 43 45ʹ517ʺE, 1865 m, , Çağli Tricholoma scalpturatum (Fr.) Quél. Değerbilir village, under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli Lepista irina (Fr.) H.E. Bigelow Muradiye District centre, under Populus sp., 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke Muradiye District centre, under Populus sp., 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Lepista personata (Fr.) Cooke Değerbilir village, under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli. 13; Muradiye District centre, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 31; Açıkyol village, 38 57ʹ997ʺN, 43 42ʹ0568ʺE, 1673 m, , Çağli. 188; Durukkaş village, 38º 57ʹ391ʺN, 43º 40ʹ898ʺE, 1670 m, Çağli Tubariaceae Vizzini 80. Tubaria furfuracea (Pers.) Gillet Muradiye District centre, on soil among leaf litter, 38 59ʹ783ʺN, 43 46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 29; Küçükköy village, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, Çağli. 53; Yumaklı village, 38º56ʹ565ʺN, 43º45ʹ078ʺE,1639 m, , Çağli. 54. Boletales E.-J. Girbert Paxillaceae Lotsy 81. Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. Değerbilir village, among grass under Populus sp., 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, Çağli. 125; Karahan village, 38º56ʹ725ʺN, 43º39ʹ836ʺE, 1645 m, , Çağli Hymenochaetales Oberw. Hymenochaetaceae Donk 82. Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. Küçükköy village, on Salix sp. trunk, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli. 83. Polyporales Gäum. Polyporaceae Fr. ex Corda 83. Cerioporus squamosus (Huds.) Quél. Değerbilir village, on Populus sp. stump, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m, , Çağli. 14; Yakıncak village, 38 57ʹ107ʺN, 43 46ʹ429ʺE, 1660 m, , Çağli Lentinus tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. Muradiye District centre, around Salix sp. stump, 38º59ʹ783ʺN, 43º46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli. 27; , Çağli. 87; , Çağli. 191; Küçükköy village, 38 59ʹ473ʺN, 43 46ʹ421ʺE, 1667 m, , Çağli Polyporus rhizophilus Pat. Kemerköprü village, meadow, 39 01ʹ701ʺN, 43 43ʹ921ʺE, 1822 m, , Çağli. 22. Russulales Kreisel ex P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon & J.C. David Russulaceae Lotsy 86. Lactarius controversus Pers. Değerbilir village, in poplar grove, 39 03ʹ732ʺN, 43 45ʹ169ʺE, 1827 m , Çağli. 146; Muradiye District centre, 38º59ʹ783ʺN, 43º46ʹ093ʺE, 1724 m, , Çağli Discussions Eighty six macrofungi species belonging to 50 genera, 25 families, seven orders and three classes were determined from Muradiye district of Van province. Ten of the determined taxa belong to Ascomycota (1 Helotiales, 9 Pezizales) while 76 belong to Basidiomycota (70 Agaricales, 1 Boletales, 1 Hymenochaetales, 3 Polyporales, 1 Russulales). The taxa are distributed in 25 families. Agaricaceae and Psathyrellaceae were found to the most crowded families each with 13 taxa. Strophariaceae is the second crowded one with 11 taxa. Two of the families (Bolbitiaceae, Tricholomataceae) comprises 6, two of them (Hymenogastraceae, Inocybaceae) comprises 4, three of them (Morchellaceae, Mycenaceae, Polyporaceae) comprises 3 taxa, five of them (Helvellaceae, Pezizaceae, Pyronemataceae, Pleurotaceae, Pluteaceae) comprises 2 taxa, and the rest of the 10 families comprises 1 taxon. Thirty five (%40.79) of the determined taxa are edible. But only three of them are collected and consumed by local people. Among them Agrocybe dura is known as çimen mantarı in the region while Pleurotus ostreatus is known as ağaç/kavak mantarı and Pleurotus eryngii is known as heliz mantarı. Forty two (%48.84) of them are inedible and 9 (%10.47) of them are more or less poisonous. The taxa determined in Muradiye district were compared with the findings of the studies carried out in neighbouring regions and some similarities were observed. These studies and the similarity percentages are given in Table 1. Table 1. Similarity percentages of neighbouring studies with Muradiye district. Neighbouring study # of iden- Total Similarity tical taxa taxa (%) Demirel (1996) Demirel et al. (2002) Demirel et al. (2003) Demirel et al. (2004) Akçay et al. (2010) Demirel & Koçak (2016) Demirel et al. (2017) Among the determined taxa, Bovista plumbea, Coprinus comatus, Psilocybe coronilla, Volvopluteus gloiocephalus and Polyporus rhizophilus were also recorded from the region by Demirel (1996). All the other taxa are new for the region while Melanophyllum haematospermum are new for Turkish mycobiota at genus level. 62

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69 4(1): (2020) Review article doi: /ajb Dieffenbachia plant poisoning cases and effects on human health Received : Accepted : Online : Ümmühan ÜNLÜ 1, Aytaç KOCABAŞ 2* 1 Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Ataturk Health Services Vocational School, Elderly Care Program, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey 2 Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Kamil Özdağ Science Faculty, Dept. of Biology, Karaman, Turkey *aytackocabas@kmu.edu.tr, 1 ummuhanunlu20@gmail.com Dieffenbachia bitkisi zehirlenme vakaları ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri Abstract: Many plants, such as Dieffenbachia Schott, which are poisonous and can be life threatening, are present in the habitats of people. Dieffenbachia is widely used for ornamental purposes in living quarters, but it is a plant species that can harm human health as a result of contact, chewing or ingestion. The aim of this work is to attract the attention of researchers to the role of the Dieffenbachia plant, often used for ornamental purposes in homes, especially in the case of home accidents that children are exposed to and the likelihood of abuse. For this reason, Dieffenbachia poisoning cases in the literature have been discussed in the context of resources. A total of 7 cases were studied, including three cases of 1-3 years of age, 3 cases of 7-12 years and a case of adult age of 69, obtained by investigating the literature. Dieffenbachia plant can cause vital signs, such as airway obstruction and respiratory failure, as well as mild skin reactions, depending on the type of contact and amount of exposure. Care should be taken and caution should be exercised on the use of plants such as Dieffenbachia and similar plants in houses, playgrounds and other green area regulations. Key words: Dieffenbachia, toxic plants, child poisoning Özet: Dieffenbachia Schott gibi zehirli etkisi olan ve yaşamı tehdit edebilen birçok bitki bilerek ya da bilmeyerek insanların yaşam alanlarında bulunmaktadır. Dieffenbachia, yaşam alanı olan evlerde süs amacıyla yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır, ancak temas edilmesi, çiğnenmesi ya da yutulması sonucunda insan sağlığına zarar verebilen bir bitki türüdür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, evlerde sıklıkla süs amacıyla kullanılan Dieffenbachia bitkisinin, özellikle çocukların maruz kaldığı ev kazalarındaki rolü ve kötüye kullanım ihtimaline karşı araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmektir. Bu sebeple literatürde bulunan Dieffenbachia zehirlenmesi olguları kaynaklar çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır. Literatür taranarak elde edilen 1-3 yaş arası üç vaka, 7-12 yaş arası 3 vaka ve 69 yaş bir yetişkin vakası olmak üzere toplam 7 olgu ele alınmıştır. Dieffenbachia bitkisi, temas şekli ve maruz kalma miktarına bağlı olarak hafif cilt reaksiyonlarının yanı sıra havayolu tıkanıklığı ve solunum yetmezliğine kadar giden hayati bulgulara neden olabilmektedir. Evler, çocuk oyun alanları ve diğer yeşil alan düzenlemelerinde Dieffenbachia ve benzer özellikteki bitkilerin kullanımı konusunda dikkatli olunmalı ve gerekli tedbirler alınmalıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dieffenbachia, zehirli bitkiler, çocuk zehirlenmeleri Citation: Ünlü Ü, Kocabaş A (2020). Dieffenbachia plant poisoning cases and effects on human health. 4(1): Introduction Humans have benefited from plants for different purposes for nearly 50,000 years (Özbek, 2005). People have used the plants obtained from nature in fields such as medicine, medicine industry, cosmetics, perfume, soap, essence, toothpaste, soft drinks, confectionery, healing and relaxing tea production, painting, ornament and landscape in houses (Sıcak et al., 2013; Gül, 2014). Instinctively, they have learned which plants are poisonous or healing through trial and error. (Faydaoğlu and Sürücüoğlu, 2013; Yılmaz et al., 2006). Research shows that there are about 200 poisonous plants that can threaten human and animal health in Turkey (Yılmaz et al., 2006). When consumed, plants that contain toxic substances that can result in death or disease for humans and animals are called "Poisonous Plants". Poisonous plants have always attracted the attention of people and tried to classify the poisons and medicines obtained from such plants (Balabanlı et al., 2006; Yılmaz et al., 2006). There are many species and types of poisonous substances from different families. Alcohols, phytotoxins, oxalates, and resins are some toxic substances that are the result of plant metabolism. While the dose and quality of the poison vary according to the living species, they cause poisoning when they are taken into the body (Balabanlı et al., 2006; Yılmaz et al., 2006; Yılmaz et al., 2007). Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Horse chestnut), Brassica nigra L. (Black mustard), Lantana camara L. (Mine flower), Laurus nobilis L. (Laurel), Caesalpinia gilliesii Benth. (Peacock flower), Hedera helix L. (Wallflower), Nerium oleander L. (Oleander), Atropa belladonna L. (Belladonna), Colchicum speciosum Steven (Crocus) and Dieffenbachia picta Schott (crying flower), Rhus radicans L. (Poison ivy) are plants having toxic leaf and fruit (Balabanlı et al., 2006; Yılmaz et al., 2006). Dieffenbachia (Figure 1) plants belong to the family Araceae and naturally grow in tropical regions (Dip et al., 2004; Şişmanlar et al., 2010; Porsuk et al., 2014). These flowers, which are imported to Turkey, are often preferred for decoration in homes because they are grown easily, grow fast and like the shade environments (Akpınar et al., 2016). It is called "crying flower" among the people and can cause poisoning (Akpınar et al., 2016). Particularly the colorful leaves are attractive to children (Barnes and Fox, 1955). Dieffenbachia poisonings can manifest themselves in systemic or local effects in humans and animals (Akpınar et al., 2016). Vigorous clinical findings such as airway obstruction and respiratory insufficiency can occur with mild findings such as swelling, burning and pain in the 65

70 Ünlü & Kocabaş Dieffenbachia plant poisoning Figure 1. Dieffenbachia plants. tongue and lips with the chewing of this plant (Dip et al., 2004; Şişmanlar et al., 2010). The aim of this work is to attract the attention of researchers to the role of the Dieffenbachia plant, often used for ornamental purposes in homes, especially in the case of home accidents that children are exposed to and the likelihood of abuse. For this reason, Dieffenbachia poisoning cases in the literature have been compiled and discussed in the context of resources. A total of 7 cases, including three cases of 1-3 years, three cases of 7-12 years and a case of adults of 69 years, were obtained by searching the literature. 2. Case Studies from Literature It is stated that two children aged between 1-3 years of age chew this plant by taking it to the mouth and that one of them was exposed to the grape juice which was transmitted to the hand because the bite of the plant was not bite (Şişmanlar et al., 2010; Akça et al., 2014; Porsuk et al., 2014). In the case reported by Şişmanlar et al. (2010), a 3- year-old boy was brought to the Pediatric Emergency Service with difficulty in breathing, swelling of the tongue and lips. Half an hour before the complaint of the child's clinical trait emerged, it was found that the house chewed the plant named Dieffenbachia, the ornamental plant. After half an hour, there was an increase in the amount of mouth saliva, swelling of the mouth and lips. The findings of life were normal and there was no foreign body aspiration on the chest x-ray. It has been seen that the patient has edema in his tongue and lips, breathing by opening his mouth, and having difficulty speaking a few words. Antihistamine and steroid treatment were given and the patient was discharged after 4 hours of observation and follow-up (Şişmanlar et al., 2010). According to Akça et al. (2014) a 23-month-old male patient with no history of disease was admitted to the hospital with complaints of swelling and redness on his lips. In the story of the patient, it was determined that a piece of Dieffenbachia plant, which is present in the house, was chewed by taking the leaf in her mouth and the complaints that emerged later appeared. It is stated that the complaints were brought to the hospital 2 hours after the emergence of the complaints. The patient was kept under observation for 24 hours and discharged because of complaints (Akça et al., 2014). In the case reported by Porsuk et al. (2014), A 25- month-old male infant was crying and crying and was noticed by the family that the home-grown Dieffenbachia plant was broken. Since there is no trace of bite in the plant, it has been thought that the juice of the louse is licked or the juice of the infected water is drained. The family was referred to the hospital emergency department within 15 minutes. The National Poison Counseling Center (UZEM) for hospital consultation and the treatment recommended by UZEM have been applied. No complications occurred in the patient and the patient was discharged (Porsuk et al., 2014). There are different symptoms in spite of the fact that oral exposure is seen in all cases. While there was difficulty breathing and edema when exposed to the rub, only the juvenile licking child had no significant symptoms. Besides, the time to reach the hospital after exposure is stated as 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 2 hours. The child brought to the hospital at the end of 2 hours has swelling and redness on the lips, and there is no obvious symptom in the child brought to the hospital in 15 minutes. Early treatment of the disease is thought to reduce complaints. However, compared to other cases, the child brought to the hospital after 30 minutes has more severe symptoms such as difficulty in breathing, tongue and swelling in the mouth. This can be related to the amount of chewing gum in the mouth and the length of the chewing time. The difference in symptoms can be due to the elapsed time in the patient s hospitilization and the exposure patterns. When three cases between 7 and 12 years of age were examined, it was found that a 7-year-old boy bruised and smelled Dieffenbachia planta by hand, (Akpınar et al., 2016), a 9-year-old boy chews the leaf of the plant (Adhikari, 2012) and it is stated that the 12-year-old female patient consumed the plant leaf (Sinajdaufa et al., 2005). In the case presented by Akpınar et al. (2016) a boy who is 7 years old and has no known illness stories is referred to the hospital with urticaria findings (swelling, redness in the hands, itching and burning in the whole body) as a result of hand rubbing and smelling of Dieffenbachia plant. It was determined that the findings of life were normal, physical examination revealed urticarial plaques on the whole body. After the treatment, the patient was discharged (Akpınar et al., 2016). In the work done by Adhikari (2012) a 9-yearold boy has been admitted to the emergency room with irritation, pain, difficulty swallowing and salivation in the mouth. It was mentioned that the child chewed the leaf of a plant while playing in the park by the family of the child and the family brought the plant emergency service. Severe pain in the upper abdomen, erythema in the mouth and throat were detected in the physical examination. The patient's treatment started and at the end of 3 days the swelling and redness on the back decreased, the abdominal pain decreased and the liquid diet started to feed. The patient was discharged at the end of 4 days (Adhikari, 2012). In a phenomenon conveyed by Sinajdaufa et al. (2005) a 12-year-old female patient consumed the leaf of Dieffenbachia plant at home for suicide and applied to the emergency service after 6 hours. Parts of the plant were removed by washing with stomach lavage, but esophagitis was detected on the endoscope. After 14 days of treatment, the patient was referred to the hospital with bloody stool and bloody vomiting after 2 days. After the examinations, a 3 mm wide fistula was found between the patient's chest, food tube and aorta and necessary treatments were applied. The aorta-esophageal fistula could be detected five weeks after the procedure. Seven years after the patient's normal swallowing function has come and is not sequelae (Sinajdaufa et al., 2005). 66

71 When examined, the patterns of exposure and symptoms are different. Only smell and contact with urticaria were seen, resulting in both severe symptoms and late complications. The plant was eaten abundantly for suicide purposes and the patient was brought to the hospital six hours after consumption. Both the amount of plant exposed and the duration of exposure are prolonged. It is also thought to be more fragmented and more active substance released because it is deliberately chewed. Especially late complications are related to late arrival and abundant consumption. When a 69-year-old adult case is examined, it is seen that Dieffenbachia plant is taken orally. A 69-year-old male patient with asthma and pericarditis was admitted to the hospital with complaints of dysphagia, salivation and glossitis. Thirty minutes before his hospitilization, the patient thought that he was eating sugarcane and he ate Dieffenbachia plant but he spit it out without swallowing. The life of the patient was normal but lip, soft palate, uvula, laryngeal edema and, epiglottic enlargement were detected. The speech is expressed as muffled but understandable. Despite the initial treatment of the patient, the dyspnea increased after 1 hour and the patient had to open the tracheostomy. A chest tube was applied to treat the resulting lung injury. Oropharyngeal swelling gradually decreased within 3 days and after the treatment, tracheostomy and chest tube were terminated (Cumpston et al., 2003). There was no adult case that could be compared with this case in the literature review. It is seen that the symptoms are less in the case of the child who is exposed to the same period and brought to the hospital in the same time period compared with the examined child cases and the severity of the dyspnea complaint is increased. Tracheostomy due to increased dyspnea had to be opened and a chest tube was applied. More severe complaints may be associated with older age and existing chronic diseases. 3. Discussions In the 2006 toxic substance exposure report of the US Toxic Substances Control Center, of the cases related to interacting with plants are composed of children under the age of five (Akpınar et al., 2016). Only 4.9% of the 61 patients who received Dieffenbachia orally according to the local poison counseling center reported symptoms in the first five minutes and symptoms were resolved with minimal supportive care. Poisoning treatment varies according to the clinical condition of the patient. Cold applications such as intubation or tracheostomy may be needed to provide antihistamines, steroid drugs and airway remodeling in severe cases, while cold application and pain relievers are sufficient for mild cases (Şişmanlar et al., 2010). The homeland of the Dieffenbachia plant is tropical America and is known as the most poisonous among the plants imported to Turkey. This property has been used for various purposes since ancient times. The Tucuna Indians who lived in the Amazon used it as an arrow poison, on the slaves of Western Indians for torture. In order to prevent the conversation, the plant sap was brought to the grave and the slaves were punished. Brazilian Indians have added the poison of this plant to food, in anticipation that their enemies will prevent their reproductive ability (Barnes and Fox, 1955; Şişmanlar et al., 2010). The mechanism of toxic effect in cases of poisoning with Dieffenbachia plant is not fully known. Calcium oxalate crystals, oxalic acid and protease are thought to be effective (Gardner, 1994; Akpınar et al., 2016; Akça et al., 2014). In the cells of the plant, needle-shaped calcium oxalate crystals are present intensively and the plants are protected against herbivores (Cote, 2009; Adhikari, 2012; Akpınar et al., 2016). Calcium oxalate crystals and proteolytic enzymes that are present in the leaves in the event of the plant's rubbing, rupturing or chewing cause inflammation, local irritation and tissue damage (Şişmanlar et al., 2010; Porsuk et al., 2014). If the Dieffenbachia plant is carelessly battered, thousands of crystal arrows on the leaves and stems can spurt and cause some injuries, especially in the eyes (Akpınar et al., 2016). In case of contact with the eye, serious pain, chemosis (conjunctiva edema), blepharospasm, photophobia, lacrimation, corneal abrasion and keratoconjunctivitis occur (Şişmanlar et al., 2010; Porsuk et al., 2014). In one study, three cases were reported with characterization of pain and blurred vision after Dieffenbachia's blooming contact. The complaints of the patients started within 5-18 hours after admission and were fully recovered within one week after treatment (Hsueh et al., 2004). In a study performed on the albino rabbits, it was determined that the juice of the plant suffers damage to the conjunctiva and the cornea when dropped (Fochtman et al., 1969). In contact with the skin, mild dermatitis can cause symptoms to severe burns (Şişmanlar et al., 2010; Porsuk et al., 2014). If the leaves are chewed, the crystals will cause a burning sensation in the mouth and throat, and if they are swallowed, they will cause a temporary disability (Porsuk et al., 2014; Akpınar et al., 2016). In a study it was reported that Dieffenbachia prevented talking, that a criminal drove eyewitnesses into the mouth and that witnesses could not testify (Barnes and Fox, 1955). If ingested by mouth, pain, edema, increase in mouth secretions, ulceration, vomiting, diarrhea and swallowing difficulty can be seen (Gardner, 1994; Cumpston et al., 2003; Şişmanlar et al., 2010; Porsuk et al., 2014; T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, 2007). In addition, as a result of the ingestion of leaves, death due to acute airway edema is observed and it is known that this plant was used to punish prisoners in olden days (Akpınar et al., 2016). When different animal studies are examined, it can be seen that when the leaves of this plant are taken orally (Müller et al., 1998), it is also stated that a dog has dysphagia and airway obstruction (Peterson et al., 2009; Akça et al., 2014). In another study, it was stated that the dog, breaking the plant roots, had locally wide ulcerative glossitis and severe respiratory distress and that the dog had died despite the treatment (Loretti et al., 2003). In a study on mice, it was determined that the juice dropped on the mouth was similar to the reactions in the human body (Fochtman et al., 1969). As a result, this plant, which has many harmful effects on human health and used for torture and punishment, is in our homes for decoration purposes. In addition to mild effects on health, studies with serious effects have been shown. Especially in the home environment where children can easily reach, children are at risk. It is considered that parents are able to be aware of this issue and to prevent possible risks by making the home environment safe. Information on the poisoning rate, effects and toxic parts 67

72 Ünlü & Kocabaş Dieffenbachia plant poisoning should be provided by the businesses to which the sale is made in order to raise awareness of the user on the plant. Care should be taken and caution should be exercised on References the use of plants such as Dieffenbachia and similar plants in houses, playgrounds and other green area regulations. Adhikari KM (2012). Poisoning due to accidental ingestion of Dieffenbachia plant (Dumb Cane). Indian Pediatrics 49: Akça H, Polat E, Tuygun N, Gürcan Kaya N, Karacan CD (2014). Hazard at home: Dieffenbachia. Journal of Academic Emergency Medicine 5: Akpınar M, Müslehiddinoğlu M, Özcan M, Sarıcı SÜ (2016). Herbal hazard: Dieffenbachia. Journal of Child Health and Illness 59: Balabanlı C, Albayrak S, Türk M, Yüksel O (2006). Some toxic plants growing in rangelands of Turkey and their effects on animals. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi A(2): Barnes BA, Fox LE (1955). Poisoning with Dieffenbachia. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 10: Cote GG (2009). Diversity and distribution of idioblasts producing calcium oxalate crystals in Dieffenbachia seguine (Araceae). American Journal of Botany 96(7): Cumpston KL, Vogel SN, Leikin JB, Erickson TB (2003). Acute airway compromise after brief exposure to a Dieffenbachia plant. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 25(4): Dip EC, Pereira NA, Fernandes PD (2004). Ability of eugenol to reduce tongue edema induced by Dieffenbachia picta Schott in mice. Toxicon 43(6): Faydaoğlu E, Sürücüoğlu MS (2013). Medical and aromatic plants antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and use opportunities. EÜFBED - Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6(2): Fochtman FW, Manno JE, Winek CL, Cooper JA (1969). Toxicity of the genus Dieffenbachia. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 15(1): Gardner DG (1994). Injury to the oral mucous membranes caused by the common houseplant, Dieffenbachia: A review. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 78(5): Gül V (2014). A general view to medicinal and aromatic plants belonging to rize province. Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Science and Technology 4(4): Hsueh KF, Lin PY, Lee SM, Hsieh CF (2004). Ocular injuries from plant sap of genera Euphorbia and Dieffenbachia. Journal of Chinese Medicine Assoc 67: Loretti AP, da Silva Ilha MR, Ribeiro RE (2003). Accidental fatal poisoning of a dog by Dieffenbachia picta (dumb cane). Veterinary and Human Toxicology 45(5): Müller N, Glaus T, Gardelle O (1998). Extensive stomach ulcers due to Dieffenbachia intoxication in a cat. Tierarztl Prax ausg K Kleintiere heimtiere 26: Özbek H (2005). Phytotherapy and its use in sexual and gynecological disorders. Van Medical Journal 12(2): Peterson K, Beymer J, Rudloff E, O Brien M (2009). Airway obstruction in a dog after Dieffenbachia ingestion. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (San Antonio) 19(6): Porsuk AÖ, Cerit Ç, Dönmez A (2014). Dieffenbachia poisoning case. Proceedings of 17 th National Public Health Congress, Edirne Pp Sıcak Y, Çolak ÖF, İlhan V, Sevindik E, Alkan N (2013). Some medicinal and aromatic plants used commonly among the public in köyceğiz region. Journal of Anatolian Natural Sciences 4(2): Sinajdaufa, J., Mixa, V., Rygl M., Vyhnanek, M., Moravek, J. ve Kabelka, Z.,2005. Aortoesophageal fistula-an unusual complication of esophagitis caused by Dieffenbachia ingestion. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 40: Şişmanlar T, Onganla, YH, Derinöz O, Kula S, Kanbur SM, Vurallı D (2010). GREEN dangers at home: Dieffenbachia Intoxicatıion. Gazi Medical Journal 21(1): T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2007). Bitkilerle Zehirlenmeleri. In: Tunçok Y, Kalyoncu NI (ed.) Birinci basamağa yönelik zehirlenmeler tanı ve tedavi rehberleri Pp: Yılmaz H, Akpınar E, Yılmaz H (2006). Toxicological characteristics of some ornamental plants used in landscape architecture. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Forestry Faculty A(1): Yılmaz H, Akpınar E, Irmak MA, Yılmaz H (2007). Toxicological properties of ornamental plants used in living areas and the public's concern. Proceedings of TMMOB 3rd Landscape Architecture Congress, Antalya Pp:

73 Research article 4(1): (2020) doi: /ajb Pericarp anatomy and surface micromorphology of some orchids in the Black Sea Region Received : Accepted : Online : Şenay SÜNGÜ ŞEKER 1*, Mustafa Kemal AKBULUT 2, Gülcan ŞENEL 3 1,3 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Samsun, Turkey 2 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Lapseki Vocational School, Department of Landscape and Ornamental Plants, Çanakkale, Turkey *senay.sungu@omu.edu.tr, 2 mkakbulut@comu.edu.tr, 3 gsenel@omu.edu.tr Karadeniz bölgesinde yayılış gösteren bazı orkidelerin perikarp anatomisi ve yüzey mikromorfolojisi Abstract: In this study, we have investigated the anatomy and ultrastructure of the pericarp to determine important characters of the fruits belonging to some Turkish orchidoid species, and to determine which features are related to ecological or habitat preferences. For the purpose, the samples belonging to 19 orchid taxon were collected in the Black Sea Region. SEM and light microscopy photographs were taken with the standard techniques. Variations among taxa were evaluated using various statistical methods such as correlation and discrimination analysis. Among the investigated characteristics, fruit surface ornamentation is related to habitat preferences of the species while morphometric properties of epidermal cells and structural features such as the type of crystal inclusions are important characters at the genus level. Key words: Anatomy, discrimination analysis, micromorphology, Orchidaceae, Orchidoidae Özet: Bu çalışmada, bazı orkide türlerine ait meyvelerin önemli özelliklerini belirlemek ve hangi özelliklerin ekolojik veya habitat tercihleriyle ilişkili olduğunu tespit etmek için perikarp anatomisi ve mikromorfolojisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Karadeniz Bölgesi nde 19 orkide taksonuna ait örnekler toplanmıştır. Standart tekniklerle SEM ve ışık mikroskobu fotoğrafları çekilmiştir. Taksonlar arasında çeşitlilik arz eden özellikler korelasyon ve ayrım analizleri gibi çeşitli istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen özellikler arasında meyve yüzey desenlenmesi türlerin habitat tercihleri ile ilişkili iken epidermal hücrelere ait morfometrik özellikler ile kristal inklüzyonların çeşidi gibi yapısal özellikler cins seviyesinde önemli ayırt edici karakterlerdir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Anatomi, ayrım analizi, mikromorfoloji, Orchidaceae, Orchidoidae Citation: Süngü Şeker Ş, Akbulut MK, Şenel G (2020). Pericarp anatomy and surface micromorphology of some orchids in the Black Sea Region. 4(1): Introduction Orchidaceae is one of the largest families in terms of biodiversity and is flowering plants with wide area of distribution excluding extreme habitats (Dressler, 1993). With more than 800 genera and nearly species, new members are added to the orchid family every year (Chase et al., 2015; The Plant List, 2018). In Turkey, it is possible to encounter over 200 taxa from sea level to over 2000 m elevation (Davis and Davis, 1982; Güner et al., 2012). Additionally, the economic value of these plants is increased through widespread use in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries (Sezik, 1984). Structural studies of orchids have focused on flower parts generally due to the morphological variety and unrivaled pollination strategies of flowers (Stpiczyńska, 2003; Cozzolino and Widmer, 2005; Schiestl, 2005; Bell et al., 2009; Vereecken, 2009; Anton et al., 2012; Nunes et al., 2015). Furthermore, studies about the internal and surface structure of seeds rather than fruit, symbiotic-asymbiotic germination trials or orchid-fungus relationships are seen to be more notable (Gamarra et al., 2007; Chemisquy et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2012; Gamarra et al., 2012; Tesitelová et al., 2012; Bektaş et al., 2013). Though seeds are very small, they show high rates of variety in testa structure. The physical properties of seeds and the functional outcomes of these properties were revealed in detail by Arditti and Ghani (2000). Also, some studies have revealed the developmental features of seed coats (Molvray and Chase, 1999; Lee et al., 2005, 2007). Many micromorphological studies have stated that seed shape, surface patterning, anticlinal and periclinal wall structures or shape of testa cells are characteristic at different systematic categories and are reliable character to contribute to solving systematic problems in the family (Gamarra et al., 2012; Barthlott et al., 2014; Akbulut and Şenel, 2016; Şeker and Şenel, 2017; Gamarra et al., 2018). The most accepted opinion related to developmental features of orchid fruit is that they comprise three carpels and the midvein of the carpel is located immediately below the stigma lobes. Orchids have marginal placentation (Brown, 1831; Payer, 1857; Van Tieghem, 1871). Additionally, according to the split-carpel model, the fruit is thought to occur by joining of other flower parts like sepal and petals. In this model, the sepals divide the carpels into two equal pieces and each petal joins to two separate carpel sections to form the fruit (Rasmussen and Johansen, 2006). In spite of detailed investigation of the internal structure of the carpel in these studies, the pericarpic surface morphology or morphometric features have been ignored compared to the seed. Due to excessive number of species, high rate of variation in flowers or hybridization capacity, revealing characters rapidly and reliably for solutions to systematic problems carries great importance for orchids (Arditti, 1977; 69

74 Süngü Şeker et al - Pericarp anatomy and Dressler, 1993). Many problems have not been solved due to identification based on flower morphology. With the more common use of molecular markers in recent years, systematic categories of many species have changed (Bateman et al., 2003). However, the main disadvantages of these methods are high cost and requirement for additional approaches to differentiate closely-related taxa. In this study, the aim was to determine distinguishing features for the pericarp of closely-related orchid species, identification of whether Table 1. List of Orchidaceae taxa and localities. these features are useful for classification and research of the relationships with habitat and ecological preferences of taxa. 2. Materials and Method Samples were collected from different localities in the Black Sea Region from (Table 1). Species identification was completed using Flora of Turkey and Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Davis and Davis, 1982; Güner et al., 2012). Fruits were fixated in formalin-acetic acidalcohol (FAA) and then stored in 70% ethyl alcohol. Taxa Locality Voucher Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Ondokuzmayıs, Samsun Ss,36 Anacamptis laxiflora Terme, Samsun Ss,37 Anacamptis papilionacea (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Avdan, Canik, Samsun Omuhb,7226 Anacamptis papilionacea Kurupelit, Samsun Omuhb,7827 Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. Kurupelit, Samsun Omuhb,4141 Anacamptis pyramidalis Avdan, Canik, Samsun Omuhb,4142 Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. Köprübaşı, Trabzon Omuhb,8253 Dactylorhiza euxina (Nevski) H.Baumann & Künkele Köprübaşı, Trabzon Mka,15 Dactylorhiza euxina Kavron, Rize Mka,18 Dactylorhiza romana (Seb.) Soó Kurupelit, Samsun Mka,11 Dactylorhiza romana Abant, Bolu Ss,10 Dactylorhiza saccifera (Brongn.) Soó Ayder, Rize Mka,19 Dactylorhiza saccifera Köprübaşı, Trabzon Mka,20 Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R.Br. Köprübaşı, Trabzon Mka,27 Himantoglossum caprinum (M. Bieb.) Spreng. Bayabat, Sinop Mka,28 Himantoglossum caprinum Kurupelit, Samsun Omuhb,7739 Neotinea tridentata (Scop.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Maraşlı, Çaykara, Trabzon Mka,42 Neotinea tridentata Kurupelit, Samsun Ss,26 Neotinea tridentata Fatsa, Ordu Ss,25 Ophrys apifera Huds. Kurupelit, Samsun Ss,39 Ophrys apifera Avdan, Canik, Samsun Omuhb,7716 Ophrys oestrifera M. Bieb. Kurupelit, Samsun Omuhb,7717 Ophrys oestrifera Kavak, Samsun Omuhb,7727 Orchis mascula L. Kurupelit, Samsun Omuhb,7712 Orchis mascula Abant, Bolu Ss,16 Orchis mascula Çambaşı, Ordu Omuhb,7829 Orchis pallens L. Abant, Bolu Ss,17 Orchis pallens Köprübaşı, Trabzon Mka,22 Orchis purpurea Huds. Kurupelit, Samsun Ss,14 Orchis purpurea Fatsa, Ordu Ss,21 Orchis purpurea Abant, Bolu Ss,22 Orchis purpurea Kavak, Samsun Ss,24 Platanthera chlorantha (Cruster) Rchb. Kurupelit, Samsun Omuhb,4123 Platanthera chlorantha Kavak, Samsun Mka,33 Serapias orientalis Greuter Kurupelit, Samsun Ss,35 Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall Kurupelit, Samsun Mka,38 Spiranthes spiralis Köprübaşı, Trabzon Mka,49 Steveniella satyrioides (Spreng.) Schltr. Kurupelit, Samsun Omuhb,3041 Steveniella satyrioides Ünye, Ordu Mka,50 Steveniella satyrioides Bafra, Samsun Mka,40 To determine the anatomical and morphometrical characters, cross-section and surface sections were taken from fruit samples from at least three different individuals in each taxon. Anatomical features were investigated using a light microscope (Zeiss AxioLab A1 microscope and the Zeiss Axiocam 105 imaging system) and morphometric features were assessed with at least 30 measurements for each character. Furthermore, pericarp surface micromorphology was identified with scanning electron microscope studies. Samples were passed though alcohol series (30%, 50%, 70% and 95%) to remove excess water from tissues and dried with a critical point dryer. After coating with 15 mm gold-palladium (SEM coating system, SC7620), surface investigations were 70

75 Pearson Spearman's rho Figure 1. SEM image of the fruit surface: (A) H. caprinum, (B) S. orientalis, (C) O. pallens, (D) N. tridentata, (E) D. euxina, (F) S. spiralis. completed with a JEOL JMS-7001F brand scanning electron microscope (SEM, 5-15 kv voltage). For organization of photographs the Photoshop CS6 program was used. Correlation analyses were performed to assess the correlation between structural features and ecological or habitat preferences and ordination tests (CDA: canonical discrimination analysis) were used to identify the effect of characters on taxa differentiation. Tests were completed with the aid of SPSS (IBM Corp. Released IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) program. 3. Results The fruit structure of 19 studied orchid taxa were investigated in terms of a variety of features like epidermal cell size, cell shape, surface ornamentation, presence of hairs or papillary structures, and inclusion of crystal or starch grains. On the valves of S. spiralis species, secretory hairs of a variety of sizes were identified. However, hairs were not encountered in the other taxa. Additionally, the epidermal cell margins were unclear in S. spiralis and there was no surface ornamentation. In other taxa, ornamentation was longitudinal, transversal or in both directions, with striate or undulate. However, SEM photographs of the fruit surface of N. tridentata show reticulate pattern and accumulations similar to secretions on the surface. Similar accumulations were present in S. satyrioides (Figure 1, Table 3). According to correlation analysis results applied with the aim of identifying the correlation between fruit structural character and ecological needs or habitat preferences of taxa, there was a positive correlation between fruit surface ornamentation and habitat preferences (Table 2). Table 2. Correlation between structural features and ecological or habitat preferences. Correlations Epidermal cell shape Ornamentation Ornamentation direction Surface secretion Hair Papillary structure Crystal Starch Placentha Elevation Habitat Epidermal cell length Epidermal cell width Epidermal cell heigth Elevation Habitat Correlation Coefficient Sig Correlation Coefficient ** Sig Correlation Coefficient Sig Correlation Coefficient Sig Correlation Coefficient Sig Correlation Coefficient Sig Correlation Coefficient Sig Correlation Coefficient Sig Correlation Coefficient Sig Correlation Coefficient Sig..432 Correlation Coefficient Sig..432 Pearson Correlation Sig Pearson Correlation Sig Pearson Correlation Sig *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). 71

76 Ornamentation Ornamentation direction Surface secretion Papillary structure Starch Süngü Şeker et al - Pericarp anatomy and Table 3. Qualitative characteristics and ecological preferences of taxa. Taxa/ characters Epidermal cell shape Hair Crystal Elevation (m) Habitat A. laxiflora A. papilionacea A. pyramidalis C. viride Isodiametric to elongated Isodiametric to elongated Elongated Isodiametric to elongated Striate Transversal Raphide Wet meadows Striate Vertical Raphide Striate Double direction Raphide Meadows, Open areas, Edges of forests Meadows, Open areas, Edges of forests Undulate Transversal Prismatic Meadows D. euxina Isodiametric Striate Transversal Raphide Wet meadows D. romana Isodiametric Striate Vertical Raphide D. saccifera G. conopsea Isodiametric to elongated Isodiametric to elongated Undulate H. caprinum Elongated Undulate N. tridentata Isodiametric Reticulate O. apifera O. oestrifera O. mascula Isodiametric to elongated Isodiametric to elongated Isodiametric to elongated O. pallens Isodiametric Undulate Double direction Raphide Meadows, Open areas, Edges of forests Meadows, Open areas, Edges of forests Undulate Vertical Raphide Meadows Double direction Double direction Raphide Meadows, Open areas, Edges of forests Raphide Meadows Striate Vertical Raphide Forest Striate Vertical Raphide Forest Striate Transversal Absent Double direction Raphide O. purpurea Elongated Undulate Vertical Raphide P. clorantha S. orientalis S. satyrioides Spiranthes spiralis Isodiametric to elongated Isodiametric to elongated Isodiametric to elongated Meadows, Open areas, Edges of forests Meadows, Open areas, Edges of forests Meadows, Open areas, Edges of forests Striate Vertical Raphide Forest Undulate Double direction Prismatic Meadows Striate Vertical Raphide Forest Isodiametric Absent Transversal - Secretory hair Meadows, Open areas, Edges of forests Epidermal cells are isodiametric or elongated, and are pentagonal or hexagonal. In the cross-sections of A. laxiflora, elongated papillary structures is notable between the epidermal cells. Also, starch grains or crystals are clear with density on the mesocarp varying from species to species. While fruits are commonly observed to have raphide bundles, prismatic crystals found in species like S. orientalis and C. viride. Vascular bundles are collateral. In all taxa, the placenta is characterized by a single row cells with large nuclei and dense cytoplasm (Figure 2, Table 2). Circular graphs were used with the aim of comparing the mean epidermal cell sizes between taxa (Figure 3). Accordingly, among the three features, the largest epidermal cells were found in O. mascula. However, the cell length for D. euxina, cell width for C. viride and cell height for G. conopsea had smallest values measured. Canonical discrimination analysis was used with the aim of determining the degree of accuracy of groupings according to fruit structural features and which feature was more effective in this grouping. Figure 4 shows the distribution of taxa based on the first two components. Accordingly, at genus level, taxa were accurately grouped with 94.4% success rate. The most effective characters in canonical discrimination analysis were the morphometric features of epidermal cells like length, width and height. Additionally, the presence and variety of crystal in the tissue or habitat preferences of taxa came to the fore during taxon grouping (Table 4). 72

77 Figure 2. Light microscope image of pericarp in transverse and surface sections: (A) O. purpurea, (B) A. laxiflora, (C) P. chlorantha, (D) D. saccifera, (E) A. papilionacea, (F) N. tridentata. 4. Discussions In the literature, hair with a variety of sizes and structures were reported on the vegetative and generative organs of orchids. Mainly researched for floral structures, these secretory hairs are emphasized to have functions in attracting pollinators acting as osmophore or nectarium due to secretions like mucilage, lipophilic compounds, pectic acid or phenolic compounds (Stpiczyńska and Davies, 2009; Nunes et al., 2014, 2015). In the literature, endocarpic hairs are mentioned in epiphytic species and it was emphasized that this type of trichome was only found on epiphytes (Beer, 1857; Horowitz, ). As seen in our anatomical investigations, the lack of these types of structure in terrestrial species supports this view. Figure 3. Circular plots of quantitative epidermal features. 73

78 Süngü Şeker et al - Pericarp anatomy and Correlation analysis results mean that in habitats with higher humidity rates, the cuticle layer or secondary wall thickness reduces on the fruit surface and indicates that the surface ornamentation may be related to ecological adaptation rather than being a differentiating character for species. As emphasized in previous research, though orchid fruit display homogeneous structure in terms of basic structural features, there is variety in terms of features like the shape, size and content of pericarp cells (Mayer et al., 2011). Though studies about orchid fruit have noted different features for identification of taxa, micromorphological and morphometric features have been ignored. For example, Prillieux (1857) identified 7 different fruit according to dehiscence type and stated that this variety may be useful to characterize species according to some criteria like apically fused vs. free, recurving valves, and valve number. Horowitz ( ) in a study of many orchids classified taxa according to number and distribution of vascular bundles. In morphometrical investigation, the cell sizes for D. euxina, C. viride and G. conopsea had smallest values. A study using molecular markers like ITS proved the close phylogenetic relationships between these three taxa (Shipunov et al., 2004). Moreover, Bateman et al. (1997) included the C. viride (D. viridis) species in the Dactylorhiza species and this new classification has been adopted by many researchers. In our study, this common morphometric feature in the pericarp epidermal cells of the three taxa support this view. In this study, though structural character has low differentiation power for Ophrys taxa, discrimination analysis was found that fruit morphometric features have high rates of success for differentiation of other taxa. According to this finding, the pericarp features of orchidoid species may be effective for classification of genus and upper categories. Table 4. Characters associated with discrimination components. Characters Function 1 2 Epidermal cell length * Epidermal cell widt * Epidermal cell heigth * Epidermal cell shape Papillae Starch Habitat Ornamentation direction Ornamentation Crystal Elevation Pooled within-groups correlations between discriminating variables and standardized canonical discriminant functions Variables ordered by absolute size of correlation within function. *. Largest absolute correlation between each variable and any discriminant function Figure 4. Distribution of genera on canonical discrimination components. Acknowledgments This research was funded by a grant from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (114Z702). References Akbulut MK, Şenel, G (2016). The seeds micromorphology and morphometry of certain Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) species distributed in Turkey. Rendiconti Lincei 27: Anton S, Kaminska M, Stpiczyńska M (2012). Comparative structure of the osmophores in the flower of Stanhopea graveolens Lindley and Cycnoches chlorochilon Klotzsch (Orchidaceae). Acta Agrobotanica 65: Arditti J, Ghani AKA (2000). Numerical and physical properties of orchid seeds and their biological implications. New Phytologist 145: Arditti J (1977). Orchid biology, reviews and perspectives. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. Barthlott W, Große-Veldmann B, Korotkova N (2014). Orchid seed diversity. Englera 32: Bateman RM, Hollingsworth PM, Preston J, Yi-Bo L, Pridgeon AM, Chase MW (2003). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected Habenariinae (Orchidaceae). Botanical journal of the Linnean Society 142(1): Bateman RM, Pridgeon AM, Chase MW (1997). Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) based on nuclear its sequences. 2. Infrageneric relationships and reclassification to achieve monophyly of Orchis sensu stricto. Lindleyana 12: Beer JG (1857). Über das Vorkommen eines schleuderorganes in den früchten verschiedener orchideen. Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. 24: Bektaş E, Cüce M, Sökmen (2013). A In vitro germination, protocorm formation, and plantlet development of Orchis coriophora (Orchidaceae), a naturally growing orchid species in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 37(2):

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80 Perkasa & Petropoulos Genjer Yellow Velvetleaf 4(1): (2020) Review article doi: /ajb Genjer Yellow Velvetleaf used as indigenous vegetable in Indonesia Received : Accepted : Online : Achmad Yozar PERKASA 1, 2*, Spiros PETROPOULOS 3 1 Gunadarma University, Faculty of Technology Industry, Department Agrotechnology, Depok, Indonesia 2 Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey 3 Thessaly University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. Agriculture, Crop Prod. and Rural Env., Volos, Greece *perkasa@ankara.edu.tr, 3 spetropoulos@uth.gr Endonezya'da yerli sebze olarak kullanılan Genjer Sarı Kadife Yaprak Abstract: Indigenous vegetables are native to or originating from a particular region or ecosystem. Indigenous vegetables may have evolved from foreign plants introduced to the region from another geographical area over a long period of time. Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch. (sawah lettuce, velvet leaf) had an enormous impact on agriculture and food systems all over the world especially has been identified as exotic weed invasion. This plant appears in the aquatic environment and included in the Limnocharitaceae family. Yellow Velvetleaf (L. flava) has been utilised in Indonesia as vegetable and animal feed. Processing of this plants is done by steaming, boiling, and stirfrying. Young leaves with petioles and young, unopened inflorescences are eaten as a vegetable in Indonesia, especially in West Java region. Key words: Genjer, indigenous vegetable, Indonesia, Limnocharis flava Özet: Yerli sebzeler, belirli bir bölge veya ekosisteme özgüdürler veya bu bölgeden kaynaklanırlar. Yerli sebzeler uzun bir süre boyunca bölgeye başka bir coğrafi bölgeden tanıtılan yabancı bitkilerden evrilmiş olabilirler. Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch. (bataklık marulu, kadife yaprağı) tüm dünyada tarım ve gıda sistemleri üzerinde büyük bir etkiye sahiptir, özelikle ekzotik ve istilacı bir yabani ot olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu bitki su ortamında görülür ve Limnocharitaceae ailesine dahildir. Sarı Kadife Yaprak (L. flava) Endonezya'da sebze ve hayvan yemi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu bitkinin işlenmesi buharda pişirilerek, kaynatılarak ve karıştırılarak yapılır. Saplı genç yapraklar ve açılmamış genç çiçek durumları Endonezya'da, özellikle Batı Java bölgesinde sebze olarak yenir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Genjer, yerli sebze, Endonezya, Limnocharis flava Citation: Perkasa AY, Petropoulos S (2020). Genjer Yellow Velvetleaf used as indigenous vegetable in Indonesia. Anatolian Journal of Botany 4(1): Introduction Worldwide, 1500 to 2000 plant species have been used as vegetables; for Southeast Asia, the number is close to 1000 species (Siemonsma and Piluek, 1994). About 120 species are cultivated for sale or home consumption. Indigenous vegetables have become popular in recent Indonesian diet, but agronomic studies on these crops are limited (Santosa et al., 2015). Indigenous vegetables are native to or originating from a particular region or ecosystem. They may have evolved from foreign plants introduced to the region from another geographical area over a long period of time. Indigenous vegetables are mainly planted in home gardens, or used by a small group of people in a limited geographical area (Engle and Faustino, 2007). In some cases, these plants naturalized and evolved in the new environment; such as Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch. (sawah lettuce, velvet leaf) brought from Central America to Southeast Asia (Siemonsma and Piluek, 1994) as part of the great transmigration of plants that followed the voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas, which had an enormous impact on agriculture and food systems all over the world. This plant appears in the aquatic environment and included in the family Limnocharitaceae. Factors which influences the existence of L. flava are land use or land cover pattern, depth water, nutrients, and associations with other species (Abhilash et al., 2008). The utilization of yellow velvetleaf can be implemented for human, environment, and livestock. Commonly, this plant is consumed by human as vegetable due to its fibre. Furthermore, yellow velvetleaf is also used as livestock feed and fish feed, phytofiltration plant for eliminating pollution in the water, an ornamental plant in pond, and fertilizer (Abhilash et al., 2009). Research of Maisuthisakul et al. (2008) shows that L. flava in the Thailand region contains a total phenolic of 5.4 mg GAE/g db and total flavonoids of 3.7 mg RE/g db. Research of Ogle et al. (2001) show that L. flava contains carotene as much as 50 µg/g. Yellow Velvetleaf processing in Indonesia is done by steaming, boiling, and stirfrying. Steaming is the process of heating at more water temperature from 66 to 82 ºC, aiming to deactivate the enzyme and change the color, taste, and nutritional value (Jacoeb et al., 2010). The aim of this paper is to give information about the ethnobotany and the importance of Genjer in Indonesia as an indigenous vegetable. 2. Yellow Velvetleaf (Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch) 2.1. Description and classification Limnocharis flava (Fig. 1) is a perennial, robust, erect, lactiferous, marsh herb, cm tall, rooting in mud and strongly tillering. Leaves basal, rosulate, glabrous, longpetioled, orbicular or ovate, cm, entire, yellowish-green, curvinerved, transversely latticed-veined, underneath at apex with a purple-rimmed water pore, folded lengthwise in bud; with numerous air chambers, 5-75 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, long-peduncled, umbelliform, glabrous, 5-15-flowered, erect, recurved after 76

81 fruiting until it reaches the water or mud; peduncles cm long. Flowers rather large, in the axils of membranous bracts; pedicels 3-7 cm long; sepal 3, enlarged and clasping the fruit after anthesis, yellow-green, ovate-elliptic, mm; petals 3, pale yellow, obovate, very thin, x 2 cm, becoming a slimy mass after anthesis; apex rounded, base darker coloured. Stamens more than 15, surrounded by a whorl of staminodes. Ovaries numerous in one whorl, superior, laterally much compressed, simulating a single, deeply incised ovary; stigmas narrowly linear, sessile. Compound fruit cm in diameter, enclosed by the sepals. Seeds numerous, minute, horseshoe-shaped, dark brown, 1-15 mm long, testa spongy with thin tranverse ridges (CABI, 2019). The flowers (Fig. 3) are borne in loose clusters (containing 2-15 flowers) at the top of long stalks ( cm long). These upright flower stalks (i.e. erect peduncles) emerge from the base of the plant and are three-angled (i.e. trigonous), like the leaf stalks (i.e. petioles). About one to four of these flowering stalks are produced amongst each cluster of leaves. Figure 1. Limnocharis flava habit (Plantmor, 2019). Edible parts of Genjer are the petioles, leaf blades, peduncles, and the unopened inflorescences. The very large and somewhat fleshy leaves (Fig. 2) arise from the base of the plant, and are borne in clusters along a short thick upright (i.e. erect) stem (about 3 cm long and 3 cm wide). The leaves are hairless (i.e. glabrous) and contain a milky sap (i.e. latex). They are borne on long three-angled stalks (i.e. trigonous petioles) 5-90 cm long and have rounded (i.e. orbicular) leaf blades. The leaf blades (5-30 cm long and 4-25 cm wide) have blunt tips (i.e. obtuse apices) and entire or wavy (i.e. undulate) margins (Lucidcentral, 2019). Figure 2. Limnocharis flava leaves (Keyserver, 2019). Figure 3. Limnocharis flava flower (Keyserver, 2019). The individual flowers (2-4 cm across) are borne on short thick stalks (i.e. pedicels), 2-7 cm long, that emerge from the same point at the top of the flowering stems (i.e. they are arranged in an umbel). There are usually some small papery bracts present amongst the flower stalks (i.e. pedicels). Each flower has three large pale yellow petals (20-30 mm long and mm wide), three overlapping green sepals (15-20 mm long and mm wide), and a cluster of numerous bright yellow stamens at its centre. Flowering occurs throughout the year, depending on conditions (i.e. it usually flowers during wetter periods) (Lucidcentral, 2019). The upright flower stalks (i.e. peduncles) begin to droop as the fruit mature, and the persistent sepals become enlarged and enclose the developing fruit. The fruit are rounded 'capsules' (i.e. spherical follicles), mm across, that split up into several (10-20) floating segments when mature. Each segment is semi-circular in shape and contains numerous ridged seeds (1-1.5 mm long) that are dark brown in colour and horseshoe-shaped (Lucidcentral, 2019). Limnocharis flava flowers the whole year round. The flowers open in the morning and close after a few hours. There is no record of any pollinating agent. After anthesis, the sepals enlarge and surround the fruit whereas the petals become a slimy mass. When ripe, the fruit carpels fall into the water where they release the seeds, which sink to the bottom. The downturned inflorescence which rests on the water surface often produces a new plant (Van den Bergh, 1993). This species reproduces by seed (Fig. 4) and vegetatively via creeping underground stems (i.e. rhizomes). Small plants (i.e. ramets) are sometimes also produced at the tops of the flowering stems. Although it is not a floating plant, its seeds are carried away by water streams. Yellow velvetleaf grows generally wherever there is not very deep stagnant fresh water, in swampy areas. It sometimes invades rice fields where it can become a weed. As an invasive species it has become a pest in some wetlands in other parts of the World (Santosa et al., 77

82 Perkasa & Petropoulos Genjer Yellow Velvetleaf 2015). The seeds and vegetative shoots are usually spread by water, but may also be dispersed in dumped garden and aquarium waste. Figure 4. Limnocharis flava seeds (Keyserver, 2019). The position in classification and the taxonomic hierarchy for L. flava as follows (CABI, 2019). Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Spermatophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Monocotyledonae Order: Hydrocharitales Family: Limnocharitaceae Genus: Limnocharis Species: Limnocharis flava Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau Syn : Alisma flava L., Damasonium flavum (L.) Mill. Gard., Limnocharis emarginata Humb. et Bonpl., Limnocharis laforesti Duchas. Ex Griseb, Limnocharis mattogrossensis O. Ktze., Limnocharis plumieri Rich., Mem. International common names of L. flava are Hermit's waterlily, sawah lettuce, velvet leaf, yellow sawah lettuce, yellow velvetleaf, yellow bur-head (English); Cebolla de chucho (Spanish); Buchon (French). But the preferred common name is Yellow bur-head. Local common names used for L. flava are Kalmi or kengkong (Bangladesh); Barata (Brazil); Trakiet (Cambodia); Manja payal (India); Bangeng, eceng, enceng, berek, gunda, genjer (Indonesia); Kibana omodaka (Japan); Kaanz choong (Laos); Jinjir, paka rawan, paku rawan (Malaysia); Bon cheen, taalapat ruesee, bonchin, nangkwak, talapatrusi (Thailand); k[ef]o n[ef]o; n[ee] th[ar]o (Vietnam) Habitat and distribution Limnocharis flava is a perennial herb that prefers wet conditions such as lowland ricefields, and shallow waters in canals, swamps, pools and ditches. In Kerala, India, the weed density decreases as water depth increases, as L. flava is a rooted emergent preferring shallow water bodies and marshy areas (Abhilash et al., 2008). Abandoned paddy fields and reclaimed coconut fields with marshy areas are the main habitat in Kerala. The soil is generally fertile in areas where the weed occurs. Though it is a perennial, L. flava behaves as an annual in certain habitats. It reproduces by seed and vegetatively (by stolons). It is hydrochorous, and is a prolific seedproducing plant, with individual plants capable of yielding up to 1,000,000 seeds per year. The mechanism of seed dispersal is discussed in Nayar and Sworupanandan (1978). Limnocharis flava is spread throughout South-East Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, South Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India and Vietnam), especially in rice-growing areas, and in South America and the USA. It has recently been reported in northern Queensland, Australia, where it is the target of an eradication campaign (Waterhouse et al., 2003) History of introduction and spread Limnocharis flava is native to tropical and subtropical America (i.e. northwestern Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Windward Islands, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, West Indies, Peru and Brazil) and has been introduced to southern USA and parts of Asia. It was introduced into Southeast Asia from tropical and subtropical America, and naturalized in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand (Van den Bergh, 1994). Abhilash et al., (2008) report that the earliest record of its introduction to Asia is as an ornamental in the Botanic Garders, Bogor, Indonesia in 1866, and that by 1870 it was mentioned as 'a newly introduced alien' on the banks of the river flowing through the Botanic Gardens. It now occurs throughout Indonesia and the rest of South-East Asia. Abhilash et al., (2008) describe its spread in Asia. In Sri Lanka it was introduced as an ornamental in 1998 and subsequently became naturalized and a serious weed in rice fields. It propagates mainly by seeds. Sometimes they are also carried with the mud sticking to the feet of birds, by man and agricultural implements (Kotalawala, 1976). L. flava seeds throughout the year. A single fruit produces about 1,000 seeds and a single plant may produce as 1,000,000 seeds per year. Human agency is also responsible for the spread of this plant due to the popular belief that the leaves of this plant, when eaten as a partly cooked salad, cures rheumatism. Some have deliberately planted this weed without realizing the danger to rice fields when it gets out of control Uses and Agronomy Young leaves with petioles and young, unopened inflorescences are eaten as a vegetable in Indonesia, especially West Java, in Malaysia and in Thailand. Usually they are not eaten raw but heated above a fire or cooked for a short time. The older leaves have a bitter taste. Whole plants are given as fodder to pigs or fish. L. flava also serves as an ornamental plant in ponds. Plants are often ploughed in as green manure in rice fields (PROSEA, 2019). Limnocharis flava can be cultivated the whole year round. It is propagated by layers, but propagation by seed is also possible. It needs a fertile soil; 1-2 weeks before planting, the soil should be enriched with organic fertilizer (10 t/ha). Planting distance is about 30 cm square. In a fertile sawah it will grow very fast and the leaves and inflorescences can 78