Ainsliaea DC. is an Asiatic genus of Mutisieae Cass. Forty-nine species and 19 varieties are recognized. Twenty-six species are endemic to China, four to Japan, four to Indo-China, two to the Himalayas, and one to Taiwan. The genus is characterized by its stems unbranched, with leaves basally rosulate or congested at the median part of the stem (only one species has stems branched, with alternate leaves), capitula few-flowered, florets deeply 5-cleft with unilateral lobes, and plumose pappus. Three new combinations are made: Ainsliaea bonatii Beauverd var. multibracteata (Mattf.) S. E. Freire, A. glabra Hemsl. var. sutchuenensis (Franch.) S. E. Freire, and A. henryi Diels var. subalpina (Hand.-Mazz.) S. E. Freire. One variety, A. latifolia (D. Don) Sch. Bip. var. taiwanensis S. E. Freire is described for the first time. The following taxa are newly synonymized: A. macroclinidioides Hayata var. secundiflora (Hayata) Kitam. and A. secundiflora Hayata with A. apiculata Sch. Bip. var. acerifolia Masam.; A. aptera DC. f. paniculata Kuntze with A. aptera DC.; A. pteropoda DC. var. platyphylla Franch. with A. bonatii Beauverd; A. mattfeldiana Hand.-Mazz. with A. bonatii var. multibracteata; A. cleistogama C. C. Chang with A. cavaleriei H. Lév.; A. asarifolia Hayata, A. cordifolia Franch. & Sav. var. integrifolia Maxim., A. fragrans Champ. ex Benth. var. integrifolia (Maxim.) Kitam., A. integrifolia (Maxim.) Makino, A. ningpoensis Matsuda, and A. rubrifolia Franch. with A. fragrans Champ. ex Benth.; A. lancifolia Franch. with A. glabra Hemsl.; A. tenuicaulis Mattf., A. glabra var. tenuicaulis (Mattf.) C. C. Chang, and A. plantaginifolia Mattf. with A. glabra Hemsl. var. sutchuenensis (Franch.) S. E. Freire; A. angustifolia Hook. f. & Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke with A. glumacea (Fr.) Sch. Bip.; A. gracilis Franch. var. robusta Diels with A. grossedentata Franch.; A. morrisonicola Hayata, A. reflexa Merr. var. morrisonicola (Hayata) Yamam., A. henryi Diels var. ovatifolia C. C. Chang, A. reflexa Merr. var. nimborum Hand.-Mazz., and