Sand Cichlid - Xenotilapia spiloptera : Complete Fish Profile & Care Guide
Table of contents
Introduction
The Sand Cichlid (Xenotilapia spiloptera) is a captivating species highly regarded by aquarists worldwide, renowned for its unique appearance and intriguing behaviour.
It is recommended to house Sand Cichlids in a single-species aquarium, although certain compatible species, such as Grammatotria Cichlids, Lestradea Cichlids, or select other Xenotilapia species, can be considered as suitable tankmates. However, caution should be exercised to avoid combining them with Tropheuses Cichlids.
Maintaining optimal water quality is of utmost importance for Sand Cichlids due to their heightened sensitivity to water pollution. Adequate biological and mechanical filtration should be implemented to ensure a pristine aquatic environment. It is imperative to avoid prolonged fluctuations in temperature as Xenotilapia species, including Sand Cichlids, exhibit a heightened vulnerability to such changes.
In response to perceived threats, Sand Cichlids exhibit a characteristic escape behaviour, swiftly fleeing from potential dangers. To prevent unintended harm, it is advisable to avoid sharp objects or abrasive surfaces within the aquarium that could potentially injure the fish during their evasive manoeuvres. Strategic aquarium placement, minimizing sudden visual disturbances, helps reduce stress on the fish and promotes their well-being.
The body structure of the Sand Cichlid is characterized by a sleek and elongated form. The predominant colouration of the body varies, ranging from beige to silvery tones, depending on the specific variety. The dorsal fin is typically transparent, sometimes featuring yellow accents or black spots along the fin's edges, adding to the species' visual appeal.
Sand Cichlid Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism in Sand Cichlids is relatively subtle. Males typically display more vibrant colouration and larger sizes compared to females and may also have elongated dorsal and anal fins, adding to their overall visual appeal. In contrast, females tend to have a more subdued colouration.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Xenotilapia spiloptera |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 1975 |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Cichliformes |
| Family | Cichlidae |
| Genus | Xenotilapia |
| Origins | Zambia , Tanzania , Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Max Size | 10 cm |
| Temperament | Semi-Aggressive |
| Aquarium Level | Bottom - Middle |
| Difficulty | Intermediate |
| Shoaling | No |
| Best kept as | Pairs |
| Diet & Feeding | Omnivore |
| Reproduction | Mouthbrooder |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 10 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 7.5 - 8.5 |
| GH | 7 - 11 |
| ℉ | 78 - 82 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 26 - 28 |
Natural Habitat
Sand Cichlids are native to the southern region of Lake Tanganyika, specifically Nkumbula Island near Mpulungu in Zambia. However, their distribution extends to other areas in Zambia as well as along the shores of Congo and Tanzania. These cichlids inhabit areas characterized by sandy substrate and are commonly found in groups, often forming large schools.
It is worth noting that there are several geographical variations within the species. In general, the dorsal fin of Sand Cichlids is colourless with distinctive black markings along its edge. However, the population from Kigoma displays a unique pattern, with the dorsal fin adorned with small coloured spots instead of the typical blotchy markings observed in other known populations. Additionally, individuals inhabiting the rocky shores near Kipili in Tanzania exhibit an appealing yellow colouration alongside the characteristic black markings on their dorsal fins.
Breeding
During the reproductive phase of the Sand Cichlid, slight changes in colouration occur, particularly prior to spawning. Black spots become visible on the upper and lower iris, creating a vertical band that passes through the eye in conjunction with the pupil.
Spawning occurs within a mating pair's territory, although there is no specific preparation or nest where eggs are laid. The male typically positions himself behind the female, maintaining a distance of approximately 3 cm above the substrate. Once the female clears the substrate and deposits her initial batch of eggs, the male assumes the position just above the laid eggs, facilitating fertilization.
At this point, the female awaits the departure of her partner before collecting the fertilized eggs in her mouth. The number of eggs deposited can range up to 40 pieces. Over the next 9 to 12 days, the female carries the eggs within her mouth, assuming the role of a brooding parent and refraining from feeding. Subsequently, the larvae are transferred to the male's mouth.
Once the transfer is complete, the male releases the young offspring into his territory, where both parents continue to provide protection. During the initial days, the fry may occasionally seek shelter within the male's mouth but primarily spend their time on the substrate. Upon release, the fry measures approximately 15 mm in length, reaching its adult size of around 10 cm within two years.
Diet & Feeding
The diet of Sand Cichlids consists of a diverse range of food sources in their natural habitat. As omnivorous Cichlids, they exhibit a varied feeding behaviour. In the wild, their diet primarily consists of small invertebrates, zooplankton, and algae. When kept in the home aquarium, replicating their natural diet is essential to ensure optimal health and well-being.
A balanced diet should include high-quality pellets, flakes, and frozen foods such as brine shrimp, daphnia, and bloodworms. Supplementing their diet with fresh vegetables, such as spirulina flakes or blanched spinach, can also provide valuable nutrients. Maintaining a diverse and nutritionally rich diet will help support their vibrant colours, growth, and overall vitality.
Other African Cichlids
9 More African Cichlids Profiles
View All