野菊Dendranthema indicum (Linn.) Des Moul.

别名：九月菊;黄菊花;黄花草;汉野菊;甘菊花;苦薏;油菊;篱菊;黄菊子;山菊花;野黄菊;篱菊花;野菊花;黄菊仔;野黄菊花;石艾;少花野菊;山黄菊;七七芽;路边菊;东篱菊;正菊花;

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：菊属 Dendranthema

《中国植物志》第76(1)卷032页
  3. 野菊　疟疾草（江苏）苦薏、路边黄，山菊花（福建），黄菊仔（广西），菊花脑（南京）
  Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul. in Act. Soc. Linn. Bond. 20: 561. 1855; Tzvel. in Fl. URSS 26: 371. 1961; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 507. 1975. ——Chrysanthemum indicum L., Sp. Pl. 889, 1753; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 437. 1888; Hook. f. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 7874. 1903; Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 23: 19. 1909; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 24. 1911; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2: 498. 1934 et 3: 469. 1935; Hand.-Mazz. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 12: 257. 1938; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 15: 367. 1940; 侯宽昭, 广州植物志, 549, 1956; 裴鉴等, 江苏南部种子植物手册, 776, 1959; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 28. 1966. ——Chrysanthemum procumbens Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 499. 1790. ——Matracaria indica (L.) Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 734. 1792.——Pyrethrum indicum (L.) Cass. in Dict. Sci. Nat. 44: 149. 1826; DC., Prodr. 6: 62. 1837. ——Chrysanthemum sabinii Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1287. 1829.——Tanacetum indicum (L.) Sch.-Bip., Tanacet. 50. 1844. ——Chrysanthemum indicum var. coreanum L6vl. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 10: 351. 1912. ——Chrysanthemum indicum var. litorale Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3: 469. 1935; Hand.-Mazz. in Acta. Hort. Gothob. 12: 257. 1938; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 29. 1966.——Chrysanthemum lushanense Kitam. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 13: 163. 1937; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 32. 1966. ——Chrysanthemum indicum var. lushanense (Kitam.) Hand.-Mazz. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 12: 257. 1938. ——Chrysanthemum nankingense Hand.-Mazz. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 12: 258. 1938; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 38. 1966. ——Chrysanthemum indicum var. educe Kitam. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 19: 343. 1943. ——Chrysanthemum indicure L. var. acutum auct. non Uyeki;刘慎谔, 东北植物检索表, 396, 1959.
  多年生草本，高0.25-1米，有地下长或短匍匐茎。茎直立或铺散，分枝或仅在茎顶有伞房状花序分枝。茎枝被稀疏的毛，上部及花序枝上的毛稍多或较多。基生叶和下部叶花期脱落。中部茎叶卵形、长卵形或椭圆状卵形，长3-7（10)厘米，宽2-4（7)厘米，羽状半裂、浅裂或分裂不明显而边缘有浅锯齿。基部截形或稍心形或宽楔形，叶柄长1-2厘米，柄基无耳或有分裂的叶耳。两面同色或几同色，淡绿色，或干后两面成橄榄色，有稀疏的短柔毛，或下面的毛稍多。头状花序直径1.5-2.5厘米，多数在茎枝顶端排成疏松的伞房圆锥花序或少数在茎顶排成伞房花序。总苞片约5层，外层卵形或卵状三角形，长2.5-3毫米，中层卵形，内层长椭圆形，长11毫米。全部苞片边缘白色或褐色宽膜质，顶端钝或圆。舌状花黄色，舌片长10-13毫米，顶端全缘或2-3齿。瘦果长1.5-1.8毫米。花期6-11月。
  广布东北、华北、华中、华南及西南各地。生于山坡草地、灌丛、河边水湿地、滨海盐渍地、田边及路旁。印度、日本、朝鲜、苏联也有分布。
  野菊的叶、花及全草入药。味苦、辛、凉，清热解毒，疏风散热，散瘀，明目，降血压。防治流行性脑脊髓膜炎，预防流行性感冒、感冒，治疗高血压、肝炎、痢疾、痈疖疗疮都有明显效果。野菊花的浸液对杀灭孑孓及蝇蛆也非常有效。
  野菊是一个多型性的种，有许多生态的、地理的或生态地理的居群，表现出体态、叶形、叶序、伞房花序式样以及茎叶毛被性等诸特征上的极大的多样性。山东、河北滨海盐渍土上的野菊，全形矮小，侏儒状，叶肥厚，注定是一种滨海生态型；江西庐山地区的野菊，显示出叶下面有较多的毛被物；江苏南京地区及浙江的野菊中，有一类叶在干后成橄榄色的。
  野菊与甘菊Dendranthema lavandulifolium (Fisch. ex Trautv.) Ling et Shih 接近；因此，还应该说，在这两个种的共同分布区内，有杂交现象的发生。
  在我国台湾有1种，无疑属于菊属，台湾菊Dendranthema morii (Hayata) Shih in Bull. Bot. Lab. North-East. Forest. Inst. 6: 3, 1980. (Chrysanthemum morii Hayata, IC. Pl. Formos. 8: 61. 1919; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 15: 352. 1940: S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 36. 1966).
  “多年生草本，高30-40厘米，有长硬毛。茎叶全形倒卵形，羽状半裂或浅裂或撕裂。裂片线形或三角形，急尖，上面近无毛，下面被压扁的绒毛，基部楔形，叶柄长5毫米或几无柄。头状花序单生茎顶，半球状钟形，径3厘米。总苞片3-4层，外层线形，长6毫米，顶端钝，外面被稠密绒毛，内面无毛，内层质地薄，透明，长1厘米，宽2毫米，顶端钝，外面沿中脉有绒毛，内面无毛。边缘雌花1层，舌状，管部长1毫米，舌片倒披针形，长1.5厘米，宽4毫米，顶端钝，3齿。两性花管状，花冠长3毫米，顶端5裂，裂片三角形。瘦果未熟。”标本未见，上述记载系根据原种记载译出的。根据原记载和原图来看，这个种不但接近野菊Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul,而且可能是野菊中的另一变异式样。
形态特征：多年生草本，高30-80厘米，有香气。茎直立或倾斜，多分枝，被柔毛。叶互生，卵圆形或卵状椭圆形，长3-6厘米，宽2-5厘米，先端钝尖，基部截形或宽楔形，稍偏斜，多分枝，被柔软毛。头状花序顶生，排列呈伞房状；花期9-10月，果期11-12月。
分    布：各地均有
生    境：山坡、林缘和路边
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：头状花序、全草
药用功能：清热解毒
药用主治：用于痈肿疔疖、丹毒、蛇虫咬伤、风疹块、风火眼、感冒等症。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Chrysanthemum indicum  Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 889. 1753.
野菊   ye ju
Chrysanthemum indicum var. coreanum H. Léveillé; C. indicum var. edule Kitamura; C. indicum var. hibernum Makino; C. indicum var. litorale Y. Ling; C. indicum var. lushanense (Kitamura) Handel-Mazzetti; C. lushanense Kitamura; C. nankingense Handel-Mazzetti; C. procumbens Loureiro; C. sabinii Lindley; Dendranthema indicum (Linnaeus) Des Moulins; D. indicum var. huludaoense G. Y. Zhang, L. J. Yu & Y. J. Liu; D. nankingense (Handel-Mazzetti) X. D. Cui; Matricaria indica (Linnaeus) Desrousseaux; Pyrethrum indicum (Linnaeus) Cassini (1826), not Sims (1813); Tanacetum indicum (Linnaeus) Schultz Bipontinus.
Herbs, perennial, 0.25-1 m tall, with long or short procumbent rhizomes. Stems erect or diffuse, branched, sparsely pilose. Lower leaves withered at anthesis. Middle stem leaves: petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate, long ovate, or elliptic-ovate, 3-7(-10) × 2-4(-7) cm, both surfaces pale green or olive, sparsely pubescent or less densely so abaxially, pinnatifid, pinnatilobed, or inconspicuously divided, base truncate, somewhat cordate or broadly cuneate. Synflorescence a lax terminal flat-topped cyme. Capitula many or few. Phyllaries in 5 rows, scarious margin broad, white or brown, apex obtuse or rounded, outer ones ovate or ovate-triangular, 2.5-3 mm, middle ones ovate, 6-8 mm, inner ones narrowly elliptic, ca. 1.1 cm. Ray floret lamina yellow, 1-1.3 cm, apex entire or 3-denticulate. Achenes 1.5-1.8 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun-Nov. 2n = 18, 35-38, 36*, 40, 54.
Grasslands on mountain slopes, thickets, wet places by rivers, fields, roadsides, saline places by seashores, under shrubs; 100-2900 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Russia, Uzbekistan].
Chrysanthemum indicum is one of the main parents of the florists’ chrysanthemum, "C. grandiflorum" (see note under genus). The natural distribution within China is not clear because of confusion with cultivated plants in the "C. grandiflorum" complex.Chrysanthemum indicum is one of the main parents of the florists’ chrysanthemum, "C. grandiflorum" (see note under genus). The natural distribution within China is not clear because of confusion with cultivated plants in the "C. grandiflorum" complex.