The Lewis and Clark Herbarium

Plants Collected by Lewis and Clark

Balsamorhiza to Crataegus

Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.


1. Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., Ser. II, 7: 350. 1840, PH-LC 36 (Moulton 28). (Asteraceae) - arrow-leaf balsamroot. Two collections are represented on this sheet. Those marked "1" were collected along the Columbia River possibly in Skamania or Klickitat cos., Washington, on 14 Apr 1806. Those marked "2" were collected by Lewis as his party crossed Lewis and Clark Pass in Lewis and Clark Co., Montana, on 7 Jul 1806. Synonymy: Buphthalmum sagittatum Pursh.

   

   

   Berberis aquifolium Pursh
   

2. Berberis aquifolium Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept.: 219, pl. 4. Dec (sero) 1813. (Berberidaceae) - holly-leaf Oregon-grape. PH-LC 38 (Moulton 108), but excluding the three leaves collected by Menzies. Collected along the Columbia River at the Cascades probably in Hood River Co., Oregon, on 11 Apr 1806. Synonymy: Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.

   

   

   Berberis nervosa Pursh
   

3. Berberis nervosa Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept.: 219, pl. 5. Dec (sero) 1813. (Berberidaceae) - Cascade Oregon-grape. PH-LC 39 (Moulton 109). Collected along the Columbia River at the Cascades probably in Hood River Co., Oregon, on 11 Apr 1806. Synonymy: Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt.

   

   

   Berberis repens Lindl.
   

4. Berberis repens Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 14: ad t. 1176. 1828. (Berberidaceae) - creeping Oregon-grape. No extant material; apparently only seeds collected as Lindley based the species on garden material grown from seeds sent to London by David Hosak, founder of the Elgin Botanic Garden and the New York Horticultural Society. It was Hosak who hired Pursh when the latter departed Philadelphia. It is not known where the seeds were obtained as the plant occurs throughout the Pacific Northwest and northern Great Plains. Synonymy: Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don.

   

   Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.
   

5. Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. in Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. (Turin) 5: 411. 1793. (Blechnaceae) - deer fern. PH-LC 40 (Moulton 30a) and PH-LC 41 [ex Herb. Schweinitz] (Moulton 30b). Collected at Fort Clatsop, Clatsop Co., Oregon, on 20 Jan 1806.

   

   

   Calochortus elegans Pursh
   

6. Calochortus elegans Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept.: 240. Dec (sero) 1813. (Calochortaceae) - elegant Mariposa-lily. PH-LC 42 (Moulton 31). Collected near Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 17 May 1806.

   

   Calypso bulbosa L. var. occidentalis (Holz.) Boivin
   

7. Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes var. occidentalis (Holz.) Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 94: 522. 1967. (Orchidaceae) - western fairy-slipper orchid . PH-LC 43 (Moulton 32). Collected apparently along a branch of Fish Creek but prior to Hungry Creek while on the Lolo Trail in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 16 Jun 1806.

   

   

   

   Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene
   

8. Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene, Man. Bot. San Francisc.: 313. 1894 (Hyacinthaceae) - small camas. PH-LC 44 (Moulton 33). Collected on the Weippe Prairie along Jim Ford Creek just south of Weippe, Clearwater Co., Idaho, on 23 Jun 1806. Synonymy: Phalangium quamash Pursh, Quamasia quamash (Raf.) Cov.

   

   

   Camissonia subacaulis (Pursh) Raven
   

9. Camissonia subacaulis (Pursh) Raven in Brittonia 16: 283. 1964. (Onagraceae) - long-leaf suncup PH-LC 45 (Moulton 34). Collected on the Weippe Prairie in Clearwater Co., Idaho, on 14 Jun 1806. Synonymy: Jussiaea subacaulis Pursh, Oenothera heterantha Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray

   

   Cardamine nuttallii Greene
   

10. Cardamine nuttallii Greene in Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 389. 1887. (Brassicaceae) - Nuttall's toothwort. PH-LC 46 (Moulton 35a) and PH-LC 47 (Moulton 35b). Collected at the mouth of the Sandy River along the Columbia River in Multnomah Co., Oregon, on 1 Apr 1806. Synonymy: Dentaria tenella Pursh non C. tenella Clarke.

    

    Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh
    

11. Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept.: 167. Dec (sero) 1813. (Rhamnaceae) - Oregon teatree. PH-LC 48 (Moulton 36). Probably collected near Hungery Creek along the Lolo Trail in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 27 Jun 1806.

    Ceanothus velutinus Douglas ex Hook.
    

12. Ceanothus velutinus Douglas ex Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 125. 1831. (Rhamnaceae) - tobacco-bush. PH-LC 49 (Moulton 37). Probably collected somewhere along the Clearwater River of Idaho in late September or early October of 1805.

    

    

    Cerastium arvense L. subsp. strictum (L.) Ugbor.
    

13. Cerastium arvense L. subsp. strictum (L.) Ugbor., Phyton (Buenos Aires) 35: 175. 1977. (Caryophyllaceae) - strict field mouse-ear chickweed. PH-LC 50 (Moulton 38). Collected near the mouth of the John Day River, possibly in Klickitat Co., Washington, on 22 Apr 1806. Synonymy: Cerastium elongatum Pursh.

    

    

    Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Lindl.
    

14. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., Ser. II, 7: 324. 1840. (Asteraceae) - green rabbitbrush. PH-LC 57 (Moulton 41). Collected along the Clearwater River from near the mouth of the Potlatch River to just downstream from Pine Creek in Nez Perce Co., Idaho, on 6 May 1806.

15. Cirsium edule Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., Ser. II, 7: 421. 1841. (Asteraceae) - edible thistle. PH-LC 58 (Moulton 42). Collected at Fort Clatsop, Clatsop Co., Oregon, on 13 Mar 1806.

    

    Clarkia pulchella Pursh
    

16. Clarkia pulchella Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept.: 260, pl. 11. Dec (sero) 1813. (Onagraceae) - pinkfaries. PH-LC 59 (Moulton 43). Collected apparently northeast of Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, 1 Jun 1806.

    

    

    

    Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh
    

17. Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept.: 175, pl. 3. Dec (sero) 1813. (Portulacaceae) - lance-leaf springbeauty. PH-LC 60 (Moulton 44). Collected along the Lolo Trail, perhaps on Indian Graves Peak in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 27 Jun 1806.

    

    Claytonia parviflora Douglas ex Hook.
    

18. Claytonia parviflora Douglas ex Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 225. 1831. (Portulacaceae) - streambank springbeauty. PH-LC 61 (Moulton 45). Collected along the lower Columbia River probably in Columbia Co., Oregon, on 26 Mar 1806. Synonymy: Montia parviflora (Douglas ex Hook.) Howell.

    

    Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.
    

19. Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 1186. 1798. (Portulacaceae) - miner's-lettuce. PH-LC 62 (Moulton 46). Collected at Rock Fort Camp near The Dalles in Wasco Co., Oregon, on 17 Apr 1806. Synonymy: Montia perfoliata (Donn ex Willd.) Howell.

    

    Claytonia sibirica L.
    

20. Claytonia sibirica L., Sp. Pl.: 204. 1753. (Portulacaceae) - Siberian springbeauty. PH-LC 63 (Moulton 47). Collected apparently near Latourell Falls in an area now called Sheppards Dell, Multnomah Co., Oregon, 8 Apr 1806. Synonymy: Montia sibirica (L.) Howell.

    

    Clematis hirsutissima Pursh
    

21. Clematis hirsutissima Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept.: 385. Dec (sero) 1813. (Ranunculaceae) - sugarbowls. PH-LC 64 (Moulton 48). Collected near Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 27 May 1806. Synonymy: Coriflora hirsutissima (Pursh) W. A. Weber

    

    

    

    Cleome serrulata Pursh
    

22. Cleome serrulata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept.: 441. Dec (sero) 1813. (Capparaceae) - Rocky Mountain beeplant. PH-LC 65 (Moulton 49a), PH-LC 66 (Moulton 49b) and PH-LC 67 (Moulton 49c). The first and third sheets were collected along the Missouri River near Vermillion, in Clay Co., South Dakota, on 25 Aug 1804. The second sheet was collected near the White River in Lyman or Brule cos., South Dakota, on 29 Sep 1804. Synonymy: Cleome integrifolia (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray

    

    Collinsia parviflora var. grandiflora (Lindl.) Ganders & Krause
    

23. Collinsia parviflora Lindl. var. grandiflora (Lindl.) Ganders & Krause in Madroño 33: 69. 1986. (Antirrhinaceae) - blue-lips blue-eyed Mary. PH-LC 68 (Moulton 50). Collected at Rock Fort Camp near The Dalles in Wasco Co., Oregon, on 17 Apr 1806. Synonymy: Antirrhinum tenellum Pursh.

    

    

    Collomia linearis Nutt.
    

24. Collomia linearis Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 126. 1818. (Polemoniaceae) - narrow-leaf mountain-trumpet. PH-LC 69 (Moulton 51). Collected at Rock Fort Camp near The Dalles in Wasco Co., Oregon, on 17 Apr 1806.

    

    Coreopsis tinctoria var. atkinsoniana (Douglas ex Lindl.) H. Parker ex E. B. Sm.
    

25. Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. var. atkinsoniana (Douglas ex Lindl.) H. Parker ex E. B. Sm. in Bot. Gaz. 136: 83. 1975. (Asteraceae) - Atkinson's tickseed. PH-LC 70 (Moulton 52). Collected apparently along the Snake River in eastern Washington, 10-16 Oct 1805. Synonymy: Coreopsis atkinsoniana Douglas ex Lindl.

26. Corispermum americanum (Nutt.) Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s.,5: 165. 1835. (Chenopodiaceae) - American bugseed. No extant material. Under the name Corispermum hyssopifolium L., Pursh (1813: 4) cited Lewis material from "On the banks of the Missouri." As this is a rather common weedy species, the association is probably correct.

    

    

    Cornus canadensis L.
    

27. Cornus canadensis L., Sp. Pl.: 118. 1753. (Cornaceae) - Canadian bunchberry. PH-LC 71 (Moulton 53). Collected along Lolo Creek, Idaho Co., Idaho, on 16 Jun 1806. Synonymy: Chamaepericlymenum canadense (L.) Aschers. & Graebn.

    

    

    

    Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
    

28. Crataegus douglasii Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 21: ad t. 1810. 1835. (Rosaceae) - black hawthorn PH-LC 72 (Moulton 54). Collected apparently on the north bank of the Walla Walla River in Walla Walla Co., Washington, on 29 Apr 1806.

      The photographs here are by James L. Reveal and by A. Scott Earle. Those taken by Reveal were for The Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia as part of the Save America's Treasures Program of the National Park Service, the National Trust for Historical Preservation, and the Institute for Museum and Library Services to protect the priceless specimens found by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. In the spring of 2003, a book by Earle and Reveal entitled Lewis and Clark's Green World: The Expedition and its Plants was published by Farcountry Press. A CD by Earle E. Spamer and Richard M. McCourt, entitled Lewis and Clark Herbarium (CD) and also published in 2003, is available from the Academy of Natural Sciences. For a full array of the plants seen or collected by Lewis and Clark see Images of plants seen or collected by Lewis & Clark made by Reveal. For information on all aspects of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, see Discovering Lewis & Clark.

All images are copyrighted by the photographers and their use, for any purpose, requires written approval.