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Acroloxus lacustris (Linnæus, 1758)
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Species name:
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Acroloxus lacustris (Linnæus, 1758)
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Taxon name:
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Patella lacustris Linnæus, 1758
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Originally described in:
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Linnæus, C. 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. - pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiæ. (Salvius).
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Distribution:
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Central Europe, Italy, SE and E Europe, in Scandinavia to 61° N
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Diagnosis:
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Shell yellowish grey to light brown, thin, translucent, flat, peak sharp and bent to the left and posterior side.
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Size:
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Up to 3-3.5 x 4-7 x 1.2-2 (height) mm
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Biology:
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Standing or (more rarely) slowly running clean waters with rich vegetation and rich oxygen content. Usually found at aquatic plants, submerged timber and lower sides of swimming leaves, also on bivalve shells. Feeds on algae cover and microorganisms. Calciphile, but tolerates soft water, pH tolerance 6-8.9. Sensitive against water pollution. Mainly in lowlands, in Switzerland in up to 1000 m altitude.
Transparent eggs (diameter 1 mm) are laid in 2 mm long ovoid capsules (difficult to count, usually 4-12 per capsule), juveniles hatch after 20-25 days in France.
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Threatened:
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Widespread in Europe, but declining due to continuous destruction of moist habitats and water pollution.
Vulnerable in Switzerland, Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg and Austria, endangered in Ticino (Switzerland) and Tirol (Austria), lower concern in Germany.
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Family:
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Acroloxidae
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Higher group:
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Gastropoda
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Comments:
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Occurs also in Lake Ohrid.
References: Moquin-Tandon 1855: 488, Germain 1931: 552, Hubendick 1960: 525, Falkner 1990: 130, Vogt et al. 1994: 55, Manganelli et al. 1995: 12, Dhora & Welter-Schultes 1996: 108, Turner et al. 1998: 98, Kerney 1999: 74, Glöer 2002: 198, Gasull 1964: 67, Falkner 1990: 122, Quintana Cardona 2006, Beckmann 2007: 44 (Menorca), Welter-Schultes 2012: 46 (range map).
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