Deceptive Groundsmoke: Gayophytum decipiens - Plants either branching above only or throughout with many secondary branches. Petals less than 1.8 mm long. Fruits on pedicels 1 mm long or longer. Fruits constricted between seeds, not flat. Fruits mostly over 5 mm long, with pedicels shorter than the fruits and not reflexed. Fruits less than 1 mm thick, with 1 vertical row of seeds, typically having more than 10 seeds, with most ovules developing.
Spreading Groundsmoke: Gayophytum diffusum ssp. diffusum (Synonyms: Gayophytum diffusum var. diffusum, Gayophytum eriospermum, Gayophytum nuttallii) -
Nuttall's Groundsmoke, Spreading Groundsmoke: Gayophytum diffusum ssp. parviflorum (Synonyms: Gayophytum diffusum var. strictipes, Gayophytum helleri var. erosulatum, Gayophytum intermedium, Gayophytum lasiospermum, Gayophytum lasiospermum var. hoffmannii, Gayophytum lasiospermum var. lasiospermum, Gayophytum nuttallii, Gayophytum nuttallii var. abramsii, Gayophytum nuttallii var. intermedium, Gayophytum nuttallii var. nuttallii) - Plants either branching above only or throughout with many secondary branches. Petals 1.5-2.5 mm long. Plants flower from the base. Fruits on pedicels 1 mm long or longer. Fruits constricted between seeds, not flat. Fruits mostly over 5 mm long, with pedicels shorter than the fruits and not reflexed. Fruits over 1 mm thick, with 1 vertical row of seeds, typically having more than 10 seeds, with most ovules developing.
Abortive Groundsmoke, Zigzag Groundsmoke: Gayophytum heterozygum (Synonym: Gayophytum diffusum var. villosum) - Plants either branching above only or throughout with many secondary branches. Petals 2-4 mm long. Flowers only found on the upper plant. Fruits on pedicels 1 mm long or longer. Fruits constricted between seeds, not flat. Fruits mostly over 5 mm long, with pedicels shorter than the fruits and not reflexed. Fruits with 2 vertical rows of seeds, but with many seeds missing due to failure of 1/2 the ovules to develop.
Dwarf Groundsmoke: Gayophytum humile (Synonyms: Gayophytum humile var. hirtellum, Gayophytum humile var. humile, Gayophytum nuttallii) - Plants generally branching only at the base, secondary branches are few. Sessile fruits. Fruits flat, not constricted between seeds. Flowers sessile, axillary, and the petals about 1 mm long.
Racemed Groundsmoke: Gayophytum racemosum (Synonyms: Gayophytum caesium, Gayophytum helleri, Gayophytum helleri var. glabrum, Gayophytum humile var. hirtellum, Gayophytum racemosum var. caesium, Gayophytum racemosum var. racemosum) - Plants generally branching only at the base, secondary branches are few. Sessile Fruits. Fruits flat, not constricted between seeds. Flowers sessile, axillary, and the petals about 1.5 mm long.
Hairstem Groundsmoke, Pinyon Groundsmoke: Gayophytum ramosissimum - Plants either branching above only or throughout with many secondary branches. Petals less than 1 mm long. Fruits on pedicels 1 mm long or longer, reflexed downward. Fruits constricted between seeds, not flat. Fruits mostly less than 6 mm long, shorter than the reflexed pedicels.